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专题五 动词的时态和语态,词汇复习5(根据汉语提示填入以b开头的单词的适当形式,然后背诵情景,熟记以b开头的课标高频词汇。) 【情景】 In her biography the beautiful writer (描述) that she was a blind girl,who believed firmly that good (行为)would give bonus to a person.The beliefs in her brain (使收益)her a lot. (而且),she never made a bargain with her boss,by means of which she got over many barriers that ordinary people couldnt (容忍).After many years of hard work,she finally realized her dream.,described,behaviors,benefited,Besides,bear,译文:在她的传记中,那个漂亮的作家描述说她是一位盲人,她坚信美好的行为对一个人会有额外的好处。脑海中的这种信仰使她受益匪浅。而且,她从不跟她的老板讨价还价,凭借这种信念,她克服了常人难以忍受的很多障碍。经过多年的努力,她最后实现了自己的梦想。,动词时态和语态,语境分析来辨别; 主动被动要分清,何时发生是关键。 1.(2015湖南卷改编)He must have sensed that I (look)at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly,“Why are you staring at me like that?”,答案,解析,2.(2015福建卷改编)Where is Peter?I cant find him anywhere. He went to the library after breakfast and (write) his essay there ever since.,答案,解析,3.(2015北京卷改编)In the last few years,China (make)great achievements in environmental protection.,答案,解析,4.(2015北京卷改编)Did you have difficulty finding Anns house? Not really.She (give)us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.,答案,解析,5.(2015湖南卷改编)I wasnt able to hide my eagerness when I (ask),“What do you wish me to do now?”,答案,解析,6.(2015陕西卷改编)At college,Barack Obama didnt know that he (become)the first black president of the United States of America.,答案,解析,7.(2015天津卷改编)Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she (teach)a class at that time.,答案,解析,8.(2015安徽卷改编)It is reported that a space station (build)on the moon in years to come.,答案,解析,9.(2015天津卷改编)Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement (reach)so far by the two sides.,答案,解析,10.(2015四川卷改编)More expressways (build)in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.,答案,解析,1,2,3,1.动词的时态、语态常用形式列表 (1)动词的时态常用形式列表,1,2,3,1,2,3,1,2,3,1,2,3,2.易混时态辨析 (1)一般过去时与现在完成时 两者都与发生在过去的动作相关。现在完成时表示过去动作对现在造成的影响,主要说明现在的情况;一般过去时强调动作发生在过去某一时间的事实,不强调与现在的联系。 Theyve read this book. 他们读过这本书。(已了解书中内容) They read the book in the library. 他们在图书馆里读的这本书。(只强调动作发生在过去,不强调对现在造成的影响),1,2,3,现在完成时表示从过去发生到现在一段时间内的任何时间,可与already,yet,today,this week,since等连用,但不能和表示过去时间的状语连用;一般过去时表示的是过去某一特定时间或与现在无关的某一过去时间。 I have told him about my new roommate. 我已告诉他我的新室友的有关情况。(到目前为止他已知有关情况) I told him about my new roommate yesterday. 我昨天告诉了他我新室友的有关情况。(表明告诉他的时间是在昨天),1,2,3,(2)一般现在时与现在进行时 一般现在时主要用于习惯性或经常性的动作或状态,常与usually,often,seldom等频度副词连用;现在进行时主要用于表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作或状态,常跟时间状语now,at present 等连用。 He usually writes a lot of letters,but he isnt writing at present. 他经常写许多信,但他现在没写。 表示客观事实或普遍真理时,要用一般现在时,不能用现在进行时。 The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。,1,2,3,(3)一般过去时与过去进行时 一般过去时表示一个完成的动作,而过去进行时表示过去某一阶段正在进行的动作。 I read a novel last night. 我昨晚看了一本小说。(已经看完了) I was reading a novel last night. 昨晚我在看小说。(可能没看完) 一般过去时用于表示一个单纯的动作,过去进行时用于表示过去一段时间内反复发生的动作。 He asked some questions.他问了几个问题。 He was asking questions all the time.他始终在问问题。,1,2,3,一般过去时表示在过去某个时刻发生的动作(侧重说明事实),过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间发生的动作(强调在这一过程中,所进行的动作或展开的情景)。 He played the piano yesterday afternoon. 他昨天下午弹钢琴了。(昨天下午他做了这么一件事) He was playing the piano yesterday afternoon. 他昨天下午在弹钢琴。(昨天下午他一直在弹钢琴,没干别的事) 过去进行时表示在过去某个时间正在进行的动作,一般过去时表示当时临时发生的短暂性动作。 I was walking on the street when I found a purse on the ground. 我正在街上走着,这时发现地上有个钱包。,1,2,3,(4)一般将来时与将来进行时 一般将来时表示对“现在时刻”来说,将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态;而将来进行时表示在将来的某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。 He is now in the library,and he will come back in an hour. 他现在在图书馆,一个小时后就会回来。 What will you be doing at this time next Monday? 下周一的这个时候你将会在做什么呢?,1,2,3,(5)过去完成时与一般过去时 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成的动作,在句中一般有另一过去时间或动作与它相比较。它是一个相对的时态,表示的是过去的过去;只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到过去完成时。一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作,只与现在形成对比。 She had learned some English before she came to our school. 她来我们学校以前学过一些英语。(come to our school是过去发生的一个动作,learn English是come to our school以前的情况) He promised to come to help,but he hasnt come yet. 他答应过来帮忙的,但还没有来。(promise是过去发生的一个动作,hasnt come是现在的情况),1,2,3,如果主句所表示的动作发生在时间状语从句所表示的动作之前,在状语从句中用一般过去时,在主句中就要用过去完成时。反之,如果时间状语从句所表示的动作发生在主句所表示的动作之前,则在从句中用过去完成时,主句就用一般过去时。 Mom had warned me of the bad weather before I left home. 我离家前,妈妈提醒了我天气不好。 After I had written the letter,I went to post it at once. 我写好了信后,马上就寄了出去。,1,2,3,3.动词时态和语态的常考点 (1)动词时态的关键点 “主将从现”。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来,但主句要用一般将来时。能引导这类从句的连词有before,after,when,while,if,unless,in case,on condition that等。 If it is fine tomorrow,I will go with you. 如果明天天气好,我会和你一起去。 完成时的标志性时间状语。 如果句中有so far,by now,in/during/over the last/past few years,till now,up to now等表示时间的短语,句子只能用现在完成时。 So far they have collected enough money to set up a primary school for the village. 迄今为止,他们已经筹集到了足够的钱,可以为村子建一所小学了。,1,2,3,I have been busy during the last few days. 在刚过去的几天里,我一直很忙。 句中的状语是“by the end of+过去时间”时,句子用过去完成时。 By the end of last term,we had learned about three thousand English words. 到上学期末,我们已经学了大约三千个英语单词。 句中的状语是“by the end of+将来时间”时,句子用将来完成时。 By the end of next month,we shall have finished Book Five. 到下个月末,我们将会学完第五册了。,1,2,3,常用完成时态的句型。 在句型It is the first time./This is the last time.中,从句要用现在完成时。 This is the first time I have been here. 这是我第一次来这里。 在句型It was the first time./This was the last time.中,从句要用过去完成时。 This was the third time I had visited Tom. 这是我第三次拜访汤姆。 在hardly.when.,no sooner.than. 结构中,hardly与sooner后要用过去完成时。 Hardly had we got on the train when it started off. 我们一上火车,火车就开了。,1,2,3,(2)被动语态的关键点 使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面接不定式做宾语补足语时,在主动结构中不定式符号to要省略,但变为被动结构时要还原to。 They make her clean the floor. She is made to clean the floor by them. It+be+过去分词(said/reported/informed/believed)+that从句(=主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.)表示“据说/据报道/据悉/据信”。 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. The boy is said to have passed the national exam. 据说这个男孩儿已经通过了这次全国性的考试。,1,2,3,动词get代替be (get往往用在口语中)。 There was a fight at the pub,but fortunately nobody got(=was) hurt. 酒吧里发生了一场斗殴,所幸没人受伤。 注意:get+done同be+done的区别: get done 往往表示行为不是计划之中的,而是意外发生的。 The dog got run over by a car. 狗被汽车碾死了。,1,2,3,不可以变成被动语态的几种情况。 某些动词,如smell,taste,wash,shut,prove,sell,read,write等主动形式可以表示被动意义。如: The dish tastes delicious.这道菜很美味。 The theory proved right at last.这条理论最终被证实是正确的。 The book is so interesting that it sells well.这本书非常有趣,卖得很好。 This kind of cloth washes well.这种布很好洗。 need/want/require/deserve+v.-ing 表示“主语承受动词发出的动作”,表示被动含义。如: My car needs repairing(=to be repaired). 我的车需要修理。,一,二,三,四,一、用适当的动词形式填空 1.The flight (take) off at 2:30 every Wednesday and Friday. 2.On Monday mornings it usually (take) me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. 3.Unless we (act) now to protect the environment,well live to regret it. 4.Im calling about the apartment you (advertise) the other day.Could you tell me more about it? 5.Hurry up!Mark and Carol (expect) us. 6.I dont understand why you didnt go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. Im so sorry.But I (do) my homework.,takes,takes,act,advertised,are expecting,was doing,一,二,三,四,7.Could I use your car tomorrow morning? Sure,I (write) a report at home. 8.The girl has a great interest in sport and (take) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. 9.When I first met Bryan I didnt like him,but I (change) my mind. 10.He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all,he (have) it for a very long time. 11.Why did you leave that position? I (offer) a better position at IBM.,will be writing,has been taking,have changed,had had,was offered,一,二,三,四,12.It is said that the early Europeans playing cards that (design) for entertainment and education. 13.The train was late.We were made (stand) in the station square for about 50 minutes. 14.All the people present agreed that the matter required (look) into. 15.Whatever you have found,you should give it back to whomever it (belong) to. 16.No sooner the movie star (get) out of the car when she was surrounded by her fans. 17.It is the second time that I (invite) to make a speech for primary students.,were designed,to stand,looking/to be looked,belongs,had,got,have been invited,一,二,三,四,二、完成句子 1.我们要早出发,所以前天晚上我们就打好包了。 We (leave) very early so we packed the night before. 2.我过去认为我不会喜欢这部电影,但是实际上它很好。 I didnt think Id like the movie,but actually it . 3.我们很自信,通过我们进一步的努力来减少污染,环境将会得到改善。 We are confident that by our further efforts to reduce pollution. 4.吉姆正在家里看一部午夜电影,这时就在一幕令人恐怖的场景中,电视机画面突然一片空白。 Jim at home when,right in the middle of a thrilling scene,the television went blank.,were leaving,was pretty good,the environment will be improved,was watching a late night film,一,二,三,四,5.如果不采取措施,海洋将变成鱼的沙漠。 ,the oceans will turn into fish deserts. 6.莎士比亚的戏剧哈姆雷特在近几年来已经被拍成了至少10部不同的电影。 Shakespeares play Hamlet at least ten different films over the past years. 7.房子很脏,因为自从他们搬出去后就没打扫过。 The house is dirty because it (clean) since they moved out. 8.阻止空气污染的每一种可能的办法都已采用了,但空气仍不清洁。 to prevent the air pollution,but the sky is still not clear. 9.这项任务的所有准备工作都已完成,我们准备开始了。 All the preparations for the task ,and were ready to start.,If nothing is done,has been made into,hasnt been cleaned,Every possible means has been used,have been completed,一,二,三,四,10.她是一个勤奋刻苦的学生,她所有的业余时间都是在图书馆里度过的。 She is a hardworking student,and all her spare time she has staying in the library.,is spent,一,二,三,四,三、语法填空 There was a time 1. I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English.And this is the reason 2. my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club,3. I met many strangers,I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately,my guide 4. teacher was Li Yang,communicated with me face to face,from 5. I gained some useful instructions.He also showed me a good partner,and we got along well with each other.,when,why,where,whose,whom,一,二,三,四,Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6. we did.My father and the guide 7. encouraged me to fall in love with English should be appreciated.Now I feel it interesting to learn English,into 8. I put my entire energy.Every day I will read my words and passages aloud.In class I will join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep,I will recall my passages,through 9. I can memorize a large number of new words.10. our English teacher says,“As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance,we will conquer English sooner or later.”,that/which,who/that,which,which,As,一,二,三,四,四、短文改错 When I was ten years old,I went to Yangzhou with two American.I became their guide.First,we went to the Slender West Lake.They wanted to look around the river by the boat.After buy the tickets,we got into the boat.We went around seeing the beautiful sight.After that,we went shopping.The sellers couldnt spoke English.Though it was very harder,I tried my best listen to their words carefully and translate the sentences.They bought some little things with their help.Next,we went to a small zoo but took some pictures.When we felt hunger,we went out and had lunch.After lunch,we visited some old house and learned more about Chinese history.,一,二,三,四,
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