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专题二 代词和介词,词汇复习2(根据汉语提示填入以a开头的单词的适当形式,然后背诵情景,熟记以a开头的课标高频词汇。) 【情景1】 At the anniversary of Agricultural Products Expo an American agent made an address on how to (积累)adequate knowledge to improve the production.Anyway,we should make any (可供选择的) solutions,or even (委派)amateurs or allocate adults who served in the army before to accomplish the task.,accumulate,alternative,appoint,译文:在这次农产品博览会周年纪念日上,一位美国代理做了一个有关如何积累足够的知识提高产量的报告。不管怎么说,我们应该采取可供选择的解决方式,甚至委派业余爱好者或分派退伍的成年人来完成这项任务。,【情景2】 (根据) to the (每年的) assessments of the architects from authorities,the (吸引人的)apartments are ample enough for the athletes awarded.To be honest,every (申请人) attaches great importance to living here.,According,annual,attractive,applicant,译文:根据一项来自官方建造师的一年一度的评估,这些引人注目的公寓对于那些获奖的运动员来说都足够宽敞。说实话,每一位申请人对于能住这里看得很重。,代词考查有章法,前后语境细观察 1.(2015重庆卷改编)The meeting will be held in September,but knows the date for sure.,答案,解析,2.(2015福建卷改编)The research group produced two reports based on the survey,but contained any useful suggestions.,答案,解析,3.(2015浙江卷改编)How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?,答案,解析,4.(2015天津卷改编)The quality of education in this small school is better than in some larger schools.,答案,解析,5.(2015陕西卷改编)To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against .,答案,解析,介词考查要做对,分析语境记搭配 1.(2015重庆卷改编)Last year was the warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68 the average.,答案,解析,2.(2015浙江卷改编)Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea?,答案,解析,3.(2015江苏卷改编)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but Thomas Edison.,答案,解析,4.(2015陕西卷改编)The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street.,答案,解析,5.(2015福建卷改编)A common memory they all have their school days is the school uniform.,答案,解析,一,二,一,二,注意:(1)形容词性物主代词只能用做定语,修饰名词,如:her father她的父亲。 (2)“of(介词)+名词性物主代词(或名词所有格)”构成双重所有格,如:a friend of my fathers我父亲的朋友中的一个。,一,二,2.不定代词 (1)none,no one,nothing,neither和no常见用法 none“没人,没有任何东西”,强调数量为零。既可指人,也可指物。none后可接of短语,常用来回答how many/much的问题。 They were all tired,but none of them would stop to have a rest. 他们都累了,但没有一个愿意停下来休息。 How many of you have seen the film? 你们中有多少人看过这部电影? None (of us).一个也没有。 Can I have some milk for my coffee? 我能向咖啡中加些牛奶吗? Im afraid there is none left. 恐怕没有牛奶了。,一,二,no one表示“没有人,谁也不”,强调对象。只指人(= nobody),做主语时谓语动词用单数。常可用来回答who引导的问句。 Who can answer the question? 谁能回答这个问题? No one. 没人。 nothing意为“没有东西”,一般回答what提出的问句。 Whats in the cave? 洞里有什么? Nothing. 没什么。,一,二,neither指“两个人或物中一个也不,两者都不”,表否定意义,做主语时谓语动词用单数。 He offered two answers to the problem,but neither of them is right. 这个问题他给了两个答案,但是两个答案中没有一个是正确的。 no 用于限定可数名词单数(=not a )和复数(=not any),以及限定不可数名词(not any)。 I have no car.(no=not a) 我没有车。 There is no water left in the bottle.(no=not any) 瓶子里没有水了。 (2)either,any,both,all的常见用法 either 指两者之一;any指三者或三者以上之一。 both指两者都;all 指三者或三者以上都。,一,二,(3)表示“另外的”不定代词:the other,other,others,another的常见用法 the other指两者中的另一方,表特指,可单独使用,也可接单数名词。常用结构one.the other.。如: There are two pens.One is his;the other is Toms. 这儿有两支钢笔。一支是他的,另一支是汤姆的。 No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to the other. 因为双方都不愿意屈服,所以讨论中没有达成一致。,other 做前置定语,修饰可数名词复数,不可单独使用,如果其前有the,some,any,each,every,no,one以及形容词性物主代词时,其后就可接单数名词。表示泛指,意为“另外的,其他的”。如: We study English,maths,Chinese and other subjects. 我们学习英语、数学、语文以及别的学科。 Would you please make it some other day(=another day)? 改日做此事好吗? I have no other place to go. 我再也没有别的地方可去。 others是other的复数形式,表示泛指,意为“别的人或物”,但不指全部。常用结构:some.others.;而the others表示特定范围中的“另外的全部”。 Some like staying at home at the weekend;others like going to the cinema. 一些人喜欢周末待在家里,另一些人喜欢去看电影。,一,二,一,二,another泛指同类的人或物,指三者或三者以上的另一个,可单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数。如果其后接复数名词,则表示“又,再,还”,此时名词前一般有数词或量词修饰。 This cap is too small for me.Show me another (one). 这帽子太小了,给我看另外一顶。 We need another three assistants in our shop. 我们店还需要三名店员。,一,二,3.替代词 it,one,ones,the one,that,those的用法 (1)it代替上文提到的名词,指代同一事物,而不指这一类中的另一个相同的个体。即同名同物。 Do you want the magazine? 你想得到这本杂志吗? Yes,I want it. 是的,我想得到它。 I dont want to drink the tea.It is too hot. 我不想喝这杯茶,它太烫了。,一,二,(2)one代替单数名词,通常为泛指,与前面提到的事物同类,但并非同一个。 I have lost my pen.Im going to buy one. 我把钢笔丢了,我打算再买一支。 I prefer this shirt to that one. 我喜欢这件衬衫,不喜欢那件。 (3)ones是one的复数形式,常用来代替复数可数名词,前面不用物主代词修饰,一般也不用these或those来直接修饰,除非ones前面有形容词。 I have a new coat and several old ones. 我有一件新外套和几件旧的。 These yellow raincoats are so small.I want those red ones. 这些黄色的雨衣太小了。我想要那些红色的。,一,二,(4)the one的用法:特指,替代前面出现的单数可数名词,相当于“the+可数名词单数”结构,后面常有定语修饰。 There are two books on the desk.The one on the top belongs to Jack. 课桌上有两本书,上面的那本是杰克的。 (5)that用来代替上下文中的名词,它表示与前面同类的东西。that既可代替可数名词,又可代替不可数名词,常有后置定语,一般不指人。 The price of rice is higher than that of wheat. 大米的价格比小麦的价格高。 The population of China is larger than that of America. 中国的人口比美国的人口多。,一,二,(6)those是that的复数形式,可用来替代可数名词的复数形式,相当于“the+可数名词复数”结构,表示特指某一范围内的人或者物。有时the ones和those可互换使用,常有后置定语。 The students in our class work harder than those in their class. 我们班里的同学比他们班里的那些同学学习刻苦。 The new designs are much better than the ones/those that we saw yesterday. 这些新设计比我们昨天看到的那些好得多。,(7)it的其他用法 指代事物、动物、婴儿或未知的人。 What a beautiful baby!Is it a boy? 多漂亮的孩子啊!是男孩儿吗? Who is the man over there?那边那个男人是谁? It must be Li Ping.一定是李平。 指天气、时间、距离、自然现象、环境等。 Its very cold today. 今天很冷。 It is/has been three years since we last saw each other. 自从我们上次见面到现在已经三年了。 Its twenty miles to the zoo. 到动物园20英里路。,一,二,一,二,做形式主语或形式宾语代替不定式、动词-ing形式、名词性从句。 It is important to learn English well.学好英语很重要。 I find it quite necessary to make some changes. 我发现有必要做出改变。 Its no good (no use,useless,senseless,hopeless,worthwhile)+动词-ing. Its no use arguing with him.同他争论没什么用。 It is quite clear that he has read the book. 很显然,他读过这本书。 用做look,seem,appear,happen等词的主语。 It seems that he lost his way.他好像迷路了。,一,二,表示“喜欢或恨”等心理方面的动词,后面接it,构成固定结构,这类动词有enjoy,prefer,love,like,hate,dislike,appreciate等。 I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand. 如果你能帮我一把,我会很感激。 I cant help it if he is always late. 如果他总是迟到,我也没办法。 As someone puts it,practice makes perfect. 像有人所说的那样,熟能生巧。 You may depend on it that they will support you. 你相信好了,他们会支持你的。,一,二,4.代词的特殊用法 (1)人称代词单独使用时,一般不用主格而用宾格。 Glad to meet you. 见到你很高兴。 Me,too. 见到你我也很高兴。 Susan,go and join your sister in cleaning the yard. 苏珊,和你姐姐一起去扫院子。 Why me?John is sitting there doing nothing. 为什么让我去?约翰正坐在那儿没事可做。,一,二,(2)与复合不定代词构成的习惯句型。 He is nothing but a clerk. 他只是一名职员。 He is anything but a clerk. 他绝不是一名职员。 He is someone/something/not anybody. 他是个重要人物/出色的人物/普普通通的人。,一,二,二、介词 一、介词不可单独使用,其后一定要接宾语,做宾语的一般是名词、代词或动词-ing形式。常用用法归纳如下:,一,二,一,二,另外还有以下常用介词: 1.with和without表示伴随、原因等。如: With the problem solved,we can finish the work on time. 问题解决了,我们能按时完成工作。 2.表示“数量”的有about,around,over(超过)等。 3.表示“关于”的on,about等。 4.of表示所属关系,或部分与整体;“of+抽象名词”相当于与名词相对应的形容词,如:of importance=important。,一,二,二、常用介词搭配: 1.at at lunch在吃午饭 at table在吃饭 at school在上学 at church在做礼拜 at peace在和平时期 at first=at the beginning初期 at the beginning of 在的初始阶段 at the end of.在结束时,一,二,2.in in addition 除以外还有 in addition to 此外,除以外 in case 以免;万一 in detail 详细地 in exchange for 用以交换 in favour of 同意;支持 in office 在执政 in power 当权;在执政 in progress在进行中 in return 作为回报 in time 及时;最终 in the way 挡路 in the meanwhile 同时,一,二,3.on on behalf of 代表 on condition that 以作为条件 on sale出售 on strike在罢工 on the increase正在增加 on the go十分活跃;非常忙碌 on the air正在广播 on the contrary 相反,一,二,4.under under control 在控制之中 under discussion在讨论中 under development在发展中 under construction在建设中 under repair在修理中 5.for for lack of 由于缺乏 for the benefit of 为了的利益 as for 就而论;关于,一,二,6.by by chance=by accident 偶然;碰巧 by name 用名字;名叫 by far 到目前为止 7.out of out of control 失去控制 out of ones reach 某人够不着的地方 out of the question 不可能 out of question 毫无疑问,一,二,三,四,五,一、用适当的代词完成句子 1.Whos that at the door? is the milkman. 2.To her joy,Laura earned first the trust of her students and then of her colleagues. 3.She remembered how difficult was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. 4.We used to believe that heavy objects fell faster than light . 5.It was hard for him to learn English in a family,in which of his parents spoke the language.,It,that,it,ones,neither,一,二,三,四,五,二、用适当的介词完成句子 1.The girl a red dress is my sister,and the red dress looks beautiful her. 2.(2014河北邢台模拟考试)How does she get on her father? 3.She found some good-quality pipes sale. 4.If you want to get to the other bank,you have to swim the river. 5.(2014河北衡水调研考试)The answer depends largely cultural values as well as personal experiences.,in,on,with,on,across,on,一,二,三,四,五,三、选词填空 1.one,the one,it,that (1)When I go to college,I will definitely need a car,but I dont have the money to buy now. (2)All the cars on show look fabulous,especially with gilt doors. (3)I like one of the cars on exhibition very much,but I dont have enough money to buy . (4)The car parked in front of our house is shabbier than in front of your house.,one,the one,it,that,一,二,三,四,五,2.other,others,the other,the others,another (1)Mr Harris and Mrs Bate and three teachers were there. (2)This pair of shoes is too big.Would you please show me pair? (3)Among the seven students,three are girls while four are boys. (4)I have seven pairs of glasses.Three of them are broken and are dirty. (5)During the cleaning,some students are sweeping away the rubbish,some are mopping the floor,and are tidying the desks.,other,another,the other,the others,others,一,二,三,四,五,四、完成句子 1.完成这项工程是一场与时间的赛跑。 It was a race to get the project done. 2.他邀请我星期天去他的生日聚会。 He invited me to his birthday party . 3.学生们与他们的老师一起去了农场。 The students went to the farm . 4.我对那位年轻的女士一无所知,除了知道她刚从英国归来并获得了博士学位。 I know nothing about the young lady she has just come back from Great Britain and got a doctors degree. 5.我和李华有个约会,但是我想改变一下。 I have Li Hua but I want to change it.,against time,on Sunday,with their teachers,except that,an appointment with,一,二,三,四,五,五、语法填空 Fathers Day occurs on the 3rd Sunday in June.The idea for creating a day 1. children to honour their fathers began in Spokane,Washington.A woman 2. the name of Sonora Smart Dodd thought about 3. idea for Fathers Day while listening to a Mothers Day sermon 4. 1909.,for,with,the,in,一,二,三,四,五,Having been raised 5. her father,William Jackson Smart,after her mother died,Sonora wanted her father 6. (know)how special he was for her.It was her father that made all the parental sacrifices and was,in the eyes of his daughter,a courageous,selfless,and loving man.Sonoras father was born in June,so she 7. (choose)to hold the first Fathers Day 8. (celebrate)in Spokane,Washington 9. the 19th of June,1910. In 1924 President Calvin Coolidge announced the third Sunday in June 10. Fathers Day.Roses are the Fathers Day flowers.,by,to know,chose,celebration,on,as,
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