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Unit 2 English around the world,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.officialadj.官方的;正式的;公务的 officen.办公室 officern.官员 2.voyagen.航行;航海 3.nativeadj.本国的;本地的 n.本地人;本国人;土著 4.actuallyadv.实际上,事实上 actualadj.实际的,事实上的 5.basevt.以为根据 n.基部,基地;基础 basicadj.基本的,基础的 basisn.基础;根据 6.gradualadj.逐渐的,逐步的 graduallyadv.逐渐地,逐步地 7.vocabularyn.词汇;词汇量;词表,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,8.latteradj.较后的;后半的;(两者中)后者的 former(反义词)adj.前者的;以前的 9.identityn.本身;本体;身份 identify(形近词)vt.要求,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,15.expressionn.词语;表示,表达 expressvt.表达,表示 16.recognize/recognisevt.辨认出;承认;公认 recognitionn.承认;识别;认可 17.accentn.口音,腔调;重音 18.straightadv.直接;挺直 adj.直的,笔直的;正直的,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.because of 因为,由于 e up 走近;上来;提出 3.be based on 以为基础 4.at present 现在,目前 5.make use of 利用;使用 6.such as 例如;像这种的 7.play a part (in) 扮演一个角色;参与,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.现在英语在南亚也被当作外语或者第二语言。 English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. 2.信不信由你,(世界上)没有什么标准英语。 Believe it or not,there is no such thing as standard English. 3.这是因为在早期的电台节目里,人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。 This is because in the early days of radio,those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. 4.美国是一个使用多种方言的大国。 The USA is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.,Later in the 17th century,people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because 1.of that,English began to be spoken in many other countries. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.Actually all languages change and develop 2.gradually(gradual) when cultures meet and communicate with each other.At first the English spoken in England was very different 3.from the English spoken today.It 4.was based(base) more on German than the English we speak 5.at present.Then,the new settlers who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.They also 6.enriched(enrich) the English language and especially its vocabulary.By the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make 7.use(usage) of a wider vocabulary than ever before.Finally by the 19th century,two big changes happened.A separate identity to American English 8.spelling(spell) was settled. Today English is 9.spoken(speak) as a foreign or second language in many countries.The number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly and they can speak English 10.fluently(fluent).,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,base vt.以为根据 n.基部;基地;基础 It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的,而现在我们所说的英语则不是。(教材原句P10) 常见用法 1.base on/upon以为基础,以为根据 base.on.将建立于之上 be based on以为基础,以为根据 2.at the base of在脚下 Edison based his ideas on scientific experiment.爱迪生将自己的想法建立在科学实验的基础上。 This film is based on a novel by D.H.Lawrence.这部影片是根据戴维赫伯特劳伦斯的小说改编的。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸 1.basic adj.基本的 2.basis n.基础;根据 on the basis of根据,以为基础 We drew this conclusion on the basis of experiments.我们是在实验的基础上得出这个结论的。 现学活用 单句填空 1.This international language is based on the sounds of English. 2.He was hired by the boss on the basis(base) of his 10 years experience.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,latter adj.较后的,后半的,(两者中)后者的 The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.后者体现了美国英语拼写的不同特色。(教材原句P10) This latter point was of great importance.后面这点极为重要。 拓展延伸 1.late adj.迟的,晚的 adv.晚,迟 early or late 迟早 2.latest adj.最新的,最近的 lately(=recently) adv.最近,近来 3.later adj.后来的;较晚的 adv.后来;较晚地 sooner or later 迟早 no later than不迟于 later on以后,后来,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用late,latter,lately或latest填空 1.The workers in the south often go to work early and leave off late. 2.Of the two,the latter is far better than the former. 3.A British car company was about to sell its latest type of car in Germany. 4.The old palace has lately been rebuilt.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,command n.命令,指令;掌握 vt.命令;指挥;支配 In English you use a command or a request when you want someone to do something.在英语中当你想让某人做某事时,你(可以)使用“命令”或“请求”。(教材原句P12) 常见用法 1.give a command 发布命令 take command of 控制;指挥 be in command of在的指挥下 under ones command由某人指挥 have a good command of精通;掌握 at ones command听从某人的支配 mand sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事 command that sb.(should) do sth.命令某人应该做某事,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,He has a hundred men under his command.他指挥一百个人。 The police commanded the thief to stop.警察命令小偷停下来。 Our boss commanded that we all should go to collect market information.老板命令我们都应该去搜集市场信息。 He is not fit to command others that cannot command himself.正人先正己。 特别提醒 command引导的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”,构成虚拟语气。 有类似用法的动词还有:order,suggest,advise,ask,require,request,urge,demand,insist等。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用command的相关短语的适当形式完成句子 1.警察到场并控制了局势。 The police arrived and took command of the situation. 2.除了英语外,他还精通俄语。 Apart from English,he also has a good command of Russian.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,request n.需要 make a request for sth.需要某物 2.request sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事 request sth.from sb.向某人索要某物 request that sb.(should) do sth.要求某人做某事,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,I requested him to come before ten.我要求他十点以前来。 The workers out of work made a request for help.那些下岗工人请求得到帮助。 My parents requested that I (should) learn a second foreign language.我的父母要求我学一门第二外语。 特别提醒 request后接从句时,谓语动词应用“should+动词原形”结构,should可以省略。 有类似用法的动词:一个“渴望”(desire),两个“命令”(command,order),三个“建议”(advise,suggest,recommend),四个“要求”(ask,demand,request,require)。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,词义辨析 1.request为正式用词,指非常正式、有礼貌的请求或恳求。 We requested that the meeting (should) be held on Friday.我们请求周五召开会议。 2.demand 一般指理直气壮地提出强烈的要求,或坚持不让对方拒绝的要求。 The policeman demanded that the girl (should) tell him everything she knew.那个警察要求那个女孩告诉自己她所知道的每一件事。 3.require 强调因事物的内在必要性所引起的迫切需要或根据法规义务、紧急形势等而提出的要求。 The urgency of the situation requires that we (should) make an immediate decision.局势紧急,我们需要立即做出决定。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 单句改错 1.The newly-founded chess club formally requested us to attending the opening ceremony.(attending改为attend) 2.Mr Paine made request that I should help him.(在request前加a) 3.He requested that the error must be corrected.(must改为should),重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,expression n.词语;表示,表达;表情 When people use words and expressions different from the “standard language”,it is called a dialect.当人们用不同于“标准语言”的词语时,那就叫作方言。(教材原句P13) I sent them flowers as an expression of thanks.我给他们送去鲜花表示感谢。 There was no expression on her face.她脸上毫无表情。 常见用法 beyond expression无法形容 The scenery was beautiful beyond expression.那景色妙不可言。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸 express vt.表达,表示;快递 n.快车;快递 express oneself表达自己 I wish to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to you again.我希望借此机会再一次向大家表示衷心的感谢。 Important documents will be sent by express.重要文件会以快递寄出。 Learning to express oneself well is an important part of education.学会清楚地表达自己是教育的一个重要组成部分。 现学活用 用express的适当形式填空 1.The musician expresses/expressed her sorrow in her music. 2.“Shut up” is not a polite expression. 3.The expression on his face told me that he was angry.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,recognize vt.辨认出;承认;公认 Although many Americans move a lot,they still recognize and understand each others dialects.尽管很多美国人经常搬迁,但是他们仍然能够辨别并理解彼此的方言。(教材原句P13) I recognized Peter although I hadnt seen him for 10 years.虽然我有10年没看到彼得了,但我还是认出了他。 常见用法 recognize sb.to be 承认某人是 recognize that.承认 recognize.by/from.由认出 be recognized as.被公认为,被认为是 It is recognized that.人们公认,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,I recognize that I have been wrong.我承认我错了。 The film is now recognized as a classic.这是一部公认的经典影片。 It is recognized that Comrade Deng Xiaoping was the chief designer of Chinas Reform and Opening.邓小平同志是人们公认的中国改革开放的总设计师。 拓展延伸 recognition n.承认;识别;认可 out of/beyond recognition面目全非 The actor soon won recognition from the public.那个男演员很快得到了大众的认可。 现学活用 用recognize的适当形式填空 1.Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles. 2.According to the article,some animals have the gift of facial recognition.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,because of因为,由于 .and because of that,English began to be spoken in many other countries.并且因为这一点,许多别的国家开始说英语了。(教材原句P9) Because of the storm,he didnt go there.因为有暴风雨,所以他没有去那儿。 拓展延伸 与because of意思相近的短语有: due to由于 thanks to多亏;由于 owing to由于 as a result of作为的结果;由于 on account of因为,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,词义辨析 1.because是从属连词,引导原因状语从句。 I didnt mention it because I was afraid of upsetting him.我没有提起那件事,因为我怕他心烦意乱。 2.because of是介词短语,后接名词、代词、V-ing形式或宾语从句。 They didnt climb the mountain because of the rain.因为下雨,所以他们没有爬山。 现学活用 用because或because of填空 1.The Italian boy was regarded as a hero because he gave his life for his country. 2.The open-air celebration has been put off because of the bad weather.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,come up走近;上来;发生;长出;提出 Yes.Id like to come up to your apartment.好的。我很乐意到你的公寓去。(教材原句P10) I could hear footsteps coming up behind me.我听见身后的脚步声越来越近。 Ill let him know if anything comes up.如果有什么事,我会告诉他的。 A number of questions came up at the meeting.会议上许多问题被提出来了。 拓展延伸 come about发生,出现,产生 come true实现 come up with提出;想出 come across偶遇;被理解 come down下降;失势 come on快点;加油 come out出来;出版;泄露,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,特别提醒 come up意为“(问题、建议或方案等)被提出”时,为不及物动词短语,其主语通常为物,无被动语态;come up with意为“提出”时,为及物动词短语,主语通常为人,宾语则为表示建议、计划、方案等的名词。 现学活用 用come的相关短语的适当形式填空 1.The magazine comes out once a month. 2.The wish of fully utilizing the natural resources will eventually come true. 3.Perhaps I shall come across him in London.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,make use of利用,使用 So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.因此,到十七世纪,莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都多。(教材原句P10) 常见用法 make good use of好好利用 make full use of 充分利用 make the best (use) of充分利用 We will make good use of our time.我们将好好利用我们的时间。 拓展延伸 make the most of 充分利用,尽量利用 take advantage of利用,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用make use of的适当形式完成句子 1.她充分利用她所见到的人们作为她的小说素材。 She makes full use of people she meets as raw material for her fiction. 2.科技是灵活的,利用它的方式没有固定的套路。 Technology is flexible.There is no fixed way of making use of it.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,play a part (in) 在中扮演一个角色;参与;在中起作用 Geography also plays a part in making dialects.地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。(教材原句P13) He has played an important part in carrying through the whole plan.他在整个计划的实行中起了重要作用。 拓展延伸 play an important part/role in.在中起重要作用 play/act the part of sb.=play/act the role of sb.(在中)扮演某人的角色 play the leading role主演;起带头作用 take part in参与,参加 for the most part多半;在很大程度上 for ones part就某人而言,对某人来说,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,易错警示 表示“(在剧中)扮演某个角色”时,role或part前要加定冠词the。 现学活用 单句改错 1.Thank you for everyone who has played part in saving the little girl.(在played后加a) 2.He plays a role of a police in the film.(第一个a改为the),重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,This is because.这是因为 This is because in the early days of radio,those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.这是因为在早期的电台节目里,人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。(教材原句P13) 此句中的because引导的是一个表语从句,而此表语从句中又包含一个定语从句who reported the news修饰先行词those。 He is becoming fatter and fatter.This is because he eats a lot of sweet food.他越来越胖。这是因为他喜欢吃大量的甜食。 特别提醒 如果前面的句子表示原因,后面的句子表示结果,则后面的句子可以使用This is why.的句型结构。 He eats a lot of sweet food.This is why he is becoming fatter and fatter.他吃大量的甜食,这就是他越来越胖的原因。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 单句改错 1.She begins to study hard.This is why the final exam is around the corner.(why改为because) 2.I broke his cellphone.This is because he got angry with me.(because改为why),一、单句填空 1.(2015江苏高考改编)He was actually a published author,and he was (current) working on a new book. 1.currently。此处应用副词作状语。 2.(2015安徽高考改编)Some people avoid small talk because they (like) discussing things like traffic or weather. 2.dislike。句意:很多人避免寒暄,因为他们不喜欢谈论像交通和天气这样的话题。根据句意及avoid可知,空处意为“不喜欢”,故填like的反义词dislike。 3.(2015陕西高考改编)It was a very (luck) dog.She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water. 3.lucky。此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词dog。 4.(2014天津高考改编)The inventing finally completed,test runs were made in Ottawa,and the LongPen was (official) launched at the 2006 London Book Fair. 4.officially。修饰谓语动词要用official的副词形式officially。,5.(2014四川高考改编)And their answers should be based on gestures,body language and facial (express). 5.expressions。此空作宾语,且被形容词facial修饰,故用名词形式。主语是their answers,故用复数形式。 6.(2014浙江高考改编)We most prefer to say yes to the (request) of someone we know and like. 6.requests。由空格前的冠词和空格后的介词并结合语境可知空格处应填名词复数。 7.(2014湖北高考改编)Is this your necklace,Mary?I came it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning. 7.across。固定搭配come across“偶然发现,遇见”。 8.(2014北京高考改编)The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore,he can go shopping without (recognize). 8.being recognized。影星戴太阳镜是为了在购物时不被别人认出来。介词without后需用动名词的被动式。,9.(2012江苏高考改编) (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason,you will regret it sooner or later. 9.Basing。句意:把一个重要的决定更多地建立在情感基础上,而不是以理性思考为基础,你迟早会后悔的。此处动词base与其逻辑主语you之间构成主谓关系,所以用现在分词作状语。 10.(2012湖南高考改编)It was not until I came here I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. 10.that。分析句子结构可知,此句是一个强调句,其结构为“It is/was.that.”,被强调的部分是not until I came here。,二、单元话题微写作 英语学习 根据提示,将以下句子连成一篇英语短文。 1.英语是一种国际性语言,学好它可以让我们很好地与不同地区的人们交流。(have access to;people of various areas) 2.首先,学以致用是语言学习的根本原则。(principle;serve the purpose) 3.大量的练习是基础。另外,有个好老师也是关键。 (hold the key to) 4.要时刻保持对英语的浓厚兴趣。(keep an interest in) Nowadays,English is an international language,and learning it well can allow us to have access to communicating with people of various areas.First of all,we must adhere to the principle of making study serve the practical purpose.Besides,practicing a lot can lay a solid foundation for it.An excellent teacher also holds the key to your success,for he/she can instruct you on how to learn English more effectively.Keeping an interest in English really matters!,
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