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选修八 Module 1 Deep South,语言点用法过关 1.state n.状态;状况;国家;政府;州 v.陈述,声明 教材原句 Antarctica holds 90% of the worlds ice,and most of its fresh water(70%)is in a frozen state,of course.南极洲占世界冰的总量的90%,当然它所含有 的大部分淡水资源(70%)处于冰冻的状态。,语境应用 写出下列句子中state的含义 One spring afternoon in 1983, I stopped a taxi in Kuala Lumpur.I stated my destination. 陈述;说明 In many states of America, a neighbor may charge you with playing your radio too loudly. 州 She is in a poor state of health, which worries her mother a lot. 状态 It is stated that sandstorms will become more frequent as a result of global warming. 据说;据称,用法点拨 (1)in a(n).state=in a state of处于的状态 a confused state of mind思绪纷乱 It is stated that.据说, 据称 (2)statement n.陈述, 声明 make a statement发表声明,2.trap v.使陷入困境;储存,留存;诱骗 n.陷阱;困境 教材原句 Gases and minerals,in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice,can tell us a lot about what the world s climate was like in past ages.这些以火山 灰的形式封冻进冰层里的气体和矿物质能够告诉我们很多关于远古时 期全球的气候状况。,语境应用 单句填空 Were you just trying to trap her into making a wrong decision? They were trapped (trap)in the burning building. Many people remained trapped (trap)in the burning building. She found herself trapped (trap)into buying that discontinued TV model.,用法点拨 (1)be/get trapped in 被困在 trap sb. into doing sth. 诱骗某人做某事 (2)set/lay a trap for 设下圈套 fall into a trap 落入圈套 catch sb. in a trap用计擒获某人,3.promote v.促进;提升;推销 教材原句 In particular,it aims to keep Antarctica free from nuclear tests and radioac- tive waste;to promote international scientific projects.该条约尤其致力于 保护南极洲不受核试验和放射性废物的污染,促进国际科学项目,语境应用 单句填空 Students who pass the test will be promoted (promote)to the next grade, as has been announced. She claimed she was repeatedly passed over for promotion (promote). The Little Free Library organization aims to promote (promote)literacy and build a sense of community in a neighborhood by making books freely available. Because of his good performance, soon he was promoted (promote)to a higher position in the company.,用法点拨 (1)promote.as.把宣传为 promote sth. 推广/宣传/促销 promote sb. 提拔某人 promote sb. from.to. 把某人从提升到 (2)promotion n.提升;增进;宣传;晋级 gain/get/win a promotion 得到晋升,受到提拔,4.absence n.缺席;不在;不存在 教材原句 .in the winter the total absence of daylight can be tiresome,and for some, depressing.在冬天,整天彻底不见阳光可能会令人厌烦,对一些人来 说可能会很失落。,语境应用 单句填空 It was his absence (absent)of mind that resulted in the traffic accident. It annoyed me that he was absent from the party.,句型转换 When John was not there, we made a final decision. We made a final decision in John s absence . When lacking proof, the police couldn t arrest the suspect. In the absence of proof, the police couldn t arrest the suspect.,完成句子 Learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment. 在缺乏本地语言环境的情况下学习作为外语的英语相当困难。,用法点拨 (1)absence of mind心不在焉 in sb. s absence某人不在时 in the absence of sth. 缺乏某物 (2)absent adj.缺席的;不在的;缺乏的 present adj.出席的 be absent 缺席 be present 出席,【点津】 (1)absence通常为不可数名词,但表示缺席或离开的次数或时间时,为可 数名词。 (2)表示做某事缺席,其后通常接介词from。,5.discourage v.阻止,阻拦 教材原句 We discourage you from smoking except in specific areas.我们禁止你吸 烟,除非是在一些特定的区域。,语境应用 单句填空 His mother wanted to discourage him from marrying (marry)his cousin. Everyone deals with discouragement (discourage)at some point in their life. Don t criticize a student much too often; otherwise he would soon get discouraged (discourage).,完成句子 We tried to discourage him from climbing the mountain without a guide. 我们努力阻止他在没有向导的情况下爬山。,用法点拨 (1)discourage sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 (2)discouraging adj.令人沮丧的 discouraged adj.灰心的 discouragement n.泄气,阻止 (3)encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 have courage to do sth. 有勇气做某事,1.in case of如果;假使 教材原句 Medical assistance is available in case of an emergency.一旦出现紧急情 况,可以得到医疗援助。,语境应用 完成句子 I took my driving licence with me on holiday, in case I wanted to hire a car.我在度假时随身带着驾照,以防自己需要租车。 In no case should you give up hope.在任何情况下你都不能放弃希望。 He may win the competition. In that case he is likely to get into the na- tional team.他可能会赢得比赛,那样的话他就很可能进入国家队了。 Dangerous waste will do great harm to human health and the environ- ment in case of improper management. 如果对有害废物处理不当,将会对人的健康及环境造成很大的危害。,用法点拨 in case of 是介词短语,后接名词、代词、动名词等。 in case in this/that case如果这样/那样的话 in any case无论如何,总之 in no case无论如何决不(位于句首用部分倒装) that s not the case情况并非如此 as is often the case情况常常如此,常有的事,1.that引导同位语从句 教材原句 A general myth has grown up around Marco Polo that he introduced such things as spaghetti and ice cream from China to the West.关于马可波罗 最为大家熟知的一个传说是他将意大利通心粉和冰淇淋等东西从中国 传入西方。,语境应用 英译汉 The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief that you are better than anyone else on the sports field. 要想在最高水平取得成功的唯一途径就是完全相信你比在这个体育领 域的任何人都好。 When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. 当战争爆发的消息传来时, 他决定到军队中服役。,There seems a possibility that he will win the first place in the competi- tion. 他似乎有在竞赛中获得一等奖的那种可能性。 Evidence has been found through years of study that children s early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up. 通过多年的研究发现了证据,孩子们早期的睡眠问题等他们长大后极有 可能会继续有。,用法点拨 在news, fact, belief, message, evidence, promise, hope, doubt, thought, idea, proposal, suggestion, truth, possibility, chance等名词后, 常可以接由 that引导的同位语从句, 用于解释或说明前面的名词的内容。,【点津】that引导同位语从句时,that在从句中不充当任何成分;而that引 导定语从句时,that在从句中充当主语或宾语。,
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