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,语法精讲系列,讲座四 状语从句,考点一 常考查的九类状语从句 一、时间状语从句 1when，while，as (1)when既可引导一个持续性动作，也可引导一个短暂性动作，可用于主句动作和从句动作同时发生，也可用于从句动作先于主句动作发生。如： When I lived there，I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. 我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。 When the film ended，the people went back. 电影一结束，看电影的人便回去了。,when还可表原因，意为“既然”。 It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes. 既然你五分钟就可以走到那儿，可你还打的去，真的太傻了。 (2)从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如： Please dont talk so loud while others are working. 别人在工作时请别那么大声谈话。 Father was cleaning the car while I was doing my homework. 我在做作业时，爸爸在洗车。,(3)as引导时间状语从句，意为“正当；一边一边；随着”等意思，表示两个动作同时发生。 As she sang，tears ran down her cheeks. 她一边唱歌，眼泪一边从脸颊流下。 As time goes on，its getting warmer and warmer. 随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖和了。,2as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the minute，the instant和once(一就) 这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为“一就”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。如： The moment I heard the voice，I knew my father was coming. 一听到那个声音，我就知道父亲来了。 The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. 那个男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。,3till，until和 not.until (1)肯定句：主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如： He remained there until/till she arrived. 他在那儿一直待到她来。 You may stay here until/till the rain stops. 你可以在这里待到雨停。 (2)否定句：主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如： He wont go to bed till/until she returns. 直到她回来他才睡。,4before和since (1)若表达“还未就；不到就；才；还没来得及就”时，需用连词before。如： We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 我们航行了4天4夜才看到陆地。 We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. 我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。 Before I could get in a word，he had measured me. 我还没来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。,(2)before从句中谓语不用否定式。如： Before they reached the station，the train had gone. 他们到火车站前(他们还没到火车站)，火车就已开走了。 (3)It will be一段时间before.，表示“还要多久才”，如： It will be half a year before I come back. 半年后我才能回来。 It wont be long before we meet again. 过不了多长时间我们就会再见面了。,(4)since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是反复发生过的动作。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句中的时态常是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。如： I have written home four times since I came here. 自从我来到这儿，我已经给家里写过四封信了。 (5)在“It is一段时间 since从句”句型中，since引导的从句的谓语动词若是持续性动词，常理解为某一状态的终止；若是终止性动词，则理解为某一动作的开始。如：,It is three years since the war broke out.(终止性动词) 自战争爆发以来已有三年了。 It is three years since I smoked a cigar(since I stopped smoking a cigar)(持续性动词) 我不吸烟已有三年了。 如果译成“我吸烟已有三年了”，应为：It is three years since I began to smoke.(终止性动词),5every time，each time，next time，the last time，any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当；每次；下次”等。如： Every/Each time I was in trouble，he would come to help me out. 每当我处于困境，他就会来帮助我。 Next time you come，do remember to bring your son here. 下次你来这里的时候，一定记着把你儿子带来。 The last time she saw James，he was lying in bed. 上次她看见詹姆斯的时候，他正躺在床上。,二、地点状语从句 1引导地点状语从句的从属连词where，wherever指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前或之后；表示抽象条件的含义时，从句需放在主句之前。如： We should go where the Party needs us most. 我们应到党最需要我们的地方去。 You are free to go wherever you like. 你愿意去哪里就去哪里。 Where there is a will，there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 Where there is smoke，there is fire. 无火不生烟。/无风不起浪。,2注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句。 where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。 Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.(状语从句) Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定语从句) 你最好在有问题的地方做一下标记。,三、原因状语从句 原因状语从句通常由because，since，as，now that，seeing(that)，considering that等引导。 I was absent from the meeting because I was ill. 因为我病了，所以我开会缺席了。 As it is raining，we shall not go to the park. 由于在下雨，我们不去公园了。 Now that/Since everybody is here，lets begin our meeting. 既然大家都在这里，我们开始开会吧。 Considering that I have told you three times，you must know it. 鉴于我已经告诉你三次了，你一定知道它。,四、目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that，in order that，for fear that，in case等。 1in order that，so that 两个连词都意为“以便；为了”，它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。如： Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me. 我会慢慢说，以便你能懂。 In order that we might see the sunrise，we started for the peak early. 为了能看到日出，我们很早就出发去了山顶。,2for fear that，in case 引导目的状语从句时，for fear that表示“害怕，担心某事会发生”；in case(that)表示“以防出现某种情况”。如： Mary didnt want to get out of bed，for fear that she might wake her baby(up) 玛丽不想起床，担心吵醒她的宝宝。 Take your raincoat，in case it rains. 带上雨衣吧，以防下雨。,如： Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe in him. Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him. 迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都相信他。 2除结果状语从句外，too.to.(太而不能)，enough to.(达到某种程度可以)等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。如： He didnt get up early enough to catch the bus. He got up too late to catch the bus. 他起床太晚了，没有赶上那班公共汽车。,六、条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if，unless(if.not如果不；除非否则)，so/as long as(只要)，in case(万一)，on condition that(条件是)，suppose/supposing(that)(假设，如果)，provided that(如果)等。如： Youll fail the exam unless you study hard(if you dont study hard) 除非你努力学习，否则你考试会不及格。 As long as you dont lose heart，you will succeed. 你只要不灰心就会成功。,Suppose/Supposing(that) they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help? 假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁？ You can go swimming on condition that you dont go too far from the river bank. 只有不离河岸太远你才能下去游泳。,七、方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：as，as if，as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。如： Do as you are told to，or youll be fired. 告诉你怎么做你就怎么做，否则你会被解雇。 The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.(虚拟语气) 这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。 I feel as if I have a fever.(陈述语气) 我感觉好像发烧了。,八、让步状语从句 1although/though(尽管，虽然)，even though/even if(即使)引导让步状语从句。although与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet，still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。如： He is unhappy，though/although he has a lot of money. 虽然他很有钱，但他并不幸福。 Although/Though it was raining hard，yet they went on playing football. 虽然雨下得很大，但他们还是继续踢足球。 Even though/if it is raining，well go there.(陈述语气) 即使下雨，我们也要去那里。 Even if I were busy，I would go.(虚拟语气) 即使忙，我也要去。,特别注意：though还可用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。如： He said he would come；he didnt，though. 他说他会来，可是没有来。 2whether.or.(不管还是)；疑问词 ever与no matter疑问词(不管；无论)引导让步状语从句。如： Whether you believe it or not，it is true. 不管你相信与否，那都是真的。 Whoever you are(No matter who you are)，you must obey the rules. 无论你是谁，你都要遵守规则。,3when，while也可作从属连词表让步，while常用在句首，when常用在句中，相当于although。如： Suddenly，she stopped when she ought to have continued. 尽管她应该继续下去，她却突然停住了。 While I admit that there are problems，I dont agree that they cannot be solved. 尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。,九、比较状语从句 1as.as；not so/as.as；the same.as；such.as 连词表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用as.as，否定句可用not as.as或not so.as。如： He doesnt run so (as) fast as Jack (does) 他跑得不如杰克快。 Henry is not such a good worker as Peter. 亨利不是一个像彼得这样的好工人。 2than表示不同程度的比较，主句中用形容词或副词的比较级。如： He runs less fast than me. 他跑得不如我快。,考点二 状语从句的几种重要句式 1not until.句型的强调和倒装用法。如： It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.(强调句型) Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.(not until置于句首，主句要部分倒装) 直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。,3在so/such.that.句型中当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。如： So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. 他是如此聪明的一个学生，以至于成功地解出了所有难题。 4as引导的让步状语从句须用倒装，句型为：adj./adv./n.(一般不带冠词)/v.(原形)as主语谓语。 Angry as/though he was，he managed to speak calmly. 尽管他很生气，他还是设法让自己平静地讲话。,5在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句主语一致或从句的主语为it而且从句的谓语又包含be，就可以省略从句中的“主语 be”部分，构成下列结构： (1)连词分词 Look out while crossing the street. 穿过街道时要小心。 (2)连词形容词 Come tomorrow if possible. 如果可能的话明天来。,(3)连词介词短语 While in Beijing，I paid a visit to the Great Wall. 在北京的时候，我参观了长城。 (4)连词不定式 He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子好像要说些什么。,
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