资源描述
,语法精讲系列,讲座六 名词性从句,名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句。 名词性从句的引导词主要有以下几种： 1连词 that(无意义)，whether，if(意为“是否”，多引导宾语从句)，起连接作用；在从句中不充当任何成分；that引导宾语从句时常可省略。 2连接代词 who，whom，whose，which，what，whatever，whoever，whichever起连接作用，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语。 3连接副词 when，where，how，why，whenever，wherever起连接作用，在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、方式或原因。,考点一 四大名词性从句 1主语从句 主语从句多放在主句谓语动词前，构成：主语从句谓语动词其他 That we must master English words as many as possible is very important. 我们必须尽可能多地掌握英文单词，这是很重要的。 What was most important to her，she told me，was her family.(主语从句，what作主语) 她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。,(1)that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有： Itbe形容词(obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc.)that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 可以肯定她会考得很好。 Itbe名词词组(no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise etc.)that从句。如： Its no surprise that our team has won the game. 我们队赢了比赛并不惊奇。,Itbe过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc.)that从句。如： It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到北京了。 It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday. 已经定下来了，会议推迟到了下周一。 (2)在口语中，that常可省略，尤其是在非常短的句子中，但that从句位于句首时，that是不能省略的。如： Its a pity(that) youre leaving.真遗憾你要离开。 That we are invited to the concert this evening is good news to us. 我们被邀请去参加今晚的音乐会，这对我们来说是个好消息。,(3)whether连接从句时，表示怀疑，不能省略，意为“是否”，在句首时不能用if替换。 Whether he is free now is uncertain. 不能确定他现在是否有空。 (4)特殊疑问词连接从句时，特殊疑问词不能省略，在从句中充当句子成分。 When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided. 何时何地开会还没有定下来。,2宾语从句 宾语从句可以作谓语动词的宾语、介词的宾语，还可作非谓语动词的宾语。 (1)that引导宾语从句 that引导宾语从句时，that本身无任何意义，只起连接作用，常可以省略。 I dont think (that) he will succeed. 我认为他不会成功的。 (但多个并列的宾语从句中只能省略第一个that。) He said (that) he liked rain very much and that he wouldnt use an umbrella when it was raining. 他说他非常喜欢下雨，下雨天他都不愿打伞。,(2)由who，whom，which，whose，what，when，where，why，how，whoever，whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。 I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样把工作做好。,(3)whether与if引导宾语从句 whether/if都可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可以互换。但以下几种情况下，只能用whether： 后面直接跟or not时。 Let me know whether or not you can come. 请让我知道你是否能来。 引导介词宾语从句时。 We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting or not. 我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。,(4)it作形式宾语的情况 如果宾语从句后跟有补语，通常用it作形式宾语，将宾语从句放到补语之后。 I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day. 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。,(5)有些动词或动词短语，如like，hate，appreciate，hide，depend on，see to等，一般不直接跟宾语从句，需要在从句前加上it。 He took it that we were to stay here for the night. 他以为我们要在这里过夜。 I dont like it when you look at me like that! 我不喜欢你那样看我。 You may depend on it that I shall always help you. 你要相信我会一直帮助你的。,3表语从句 引导表语从句的词有that，whether，who，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever，when，where，why，how，because等。 that引导表语从句时，一般不省略。如： My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 oclock tomorrow morning. 我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。 This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。 Tomorrow is when it would be the most convenient. 明天是最方便的时候。,表语从句的几种常见句型： The reason why从句bethat从句 The reason why she called me was that she will not attend the party. 她给我打电话的原因是因为她将不参加聚会。 This is because.这是因为 because引导表语从句，强调原因。 It may be because I didnt have a good sleep yesterday evening. 也许是因为我昨天晚上没睡好。,That is why.那就是的原因 why引导的表语从句，强调结果 That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他没来开会的原因。 It looks/seems as if/as though从句 It looked as if it was going to rain. 天好像要下雨。 It looks as if she was drunk. 看上去她好像喝醉了似的。(虚拟语气),4同位语从句 (1)that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词如fact，hope，desire，thought，suggestion，idea，news，problem，possibility等后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that只起引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，一般不省略。如： Theres a feeling in me that well never know what a UFO is. 我有一种感觉，我们将永远不会知道不明飞行物是什么。 The hope that he may recover is not gone yet. 他可能恢复的希望还没有破灭。,(2)whether连接从句时从句来源于一般疑问句，whether不能省略，意为“是否”，不能用if替换。 He asked her the question whether they can be friends. 他问了她一个问题，他们能否成为朋友。 (3)特殊疑问词连接从句时从句来源于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词不能省略，在从句中充当句子成分。 He showed us his way how he worked out that problem. 他向我们展示了他是如何解决那个问题的。 (4)同位语从句要用陈述语序，即主谓语序。,特别注意：同位语从句与名词之间有时会出现插入成分，形成间隔性同位语从句。 The news came that Patrick Modiano won the 2014 Nobel Prize in literature. 消息传来说帕特里克莫迪亚诺获得了2014诺贝尔文学奖。,考点二 易混点辨析 1连接词的用法区别,The problem is that we dont have enough money. What he said is very important to us. They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. The hope (that) she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.,2whever与no matter wh的用法区别 whever既可引导名词性关系从句，又可引导让步状语从句；而no matter wh只能引导让步状语从句。如： Whatever I said，he wouldnt listen to me. No matter what I said，he wouldnt listen to me. 无论我说什么，他都不会听我的。(让步状语从句) He would believe whatever I said. 我说什么他都信。(宾语从句),
展开阅读全文