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,语法精讲系列,讲座三 定语从句,考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词的具体用法如下表所示：,1.who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，其中whom只能作宾语。 Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature，who，for some reason，had withdrawn from all human society. 埃伦是一个画鸟类和自然的画家，出于某种原因，他已退出了所有的社会活动。,2which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station which you can hire to reach your host family. 在公共汽车站你会发现有出租车在那里等，你可以租(一辆)去主人家里。 The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other. 这座古老的城镇街道狭窄，小房子挨得很近。,3先行词指人或物且在定语从句中作定语，用whose或of whom/of which。如： This is the scientist whose achievements are well known. This is the scientist，the achievements of whom are well known. This is the scientist，of whom the achievements are well known. 这就是那位成就卓著的科学家。 This is the house whose window broke last night. This is the house，the window of which broke last night. This is the house，of which the window broke last night. (注意等号后两个定语从句中的定冠词) 这就是昨晚窗户被打坏的那所房子。,4which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词可以是一个词，也可是个句子。如： He was late again，which made the teacher very unhappy.(先行词为一句话) 他又迟到了，这使得老师很不高兴。 5关系代词as也可引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为句子，as在从句中作主语、宾语。如： As we know，China is a developing country. 我们知道，中国是个发展中国家。 As is known to us all，China is in the east of Asia. 众所周知，中国在亚洲的东部。,考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词的具体用法如下表所示：,1.关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister where she would stay for an hour. 小女孩准备在培训中心与她的妹妹一起上钢琴课，在那里她可以待一小时。 The reason why I dont trust him is that he often tells lies. 我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.(whenon which) 我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。,2关系代词与关系副词的选用依据： 当先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词时，一定要分析从句的句子结构。如果从句中缺少时间、地点或原因状语，则用关系副词；如果缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则用关系代词。 This is the factory where she used to work. 这是她以前工作过的那家工厂。 This is the factory that/which I visited last year. 这是我去年参观的那家工厂。,特别注意：(1)当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。 He has reached a point where he doesnt work for money. 他已经到了不用为钱而工作的境界。 (2)先行词为occasions，当“时机”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。 Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. 我有时间陪我的孩子们一天的机会很少。,考点三 “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句 使用“介词关系代词”结构时要注意以下几个问题： 1介词的选择 介词的选择通常依据定语从句中动词短语的习惯搭配、介词与先行词的搭配或句子的意义来确定。 Is this the car for which you paid a high price? 这是你花高价买的车吗？(根据从句谓语pay的搭配确定) In the dark street，there wasnt a single person，to whom she could turn for help. 在黑暗的街道上，她没有一个可以求助的人。(根据turn to的短语搭配确定),特别提示 有些含有介词的固定动词短语不可拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。 This is the little boy that you have been looking for. 这就是你一直寻找的那个小男孩。,2关系代词的选择 介词后作宾语的关系代词一般来讲有两个：指人时只能用whom，指物时只能用which。当然关系代词作定语时也可用whose。 The train on which Tom travelled to Canada was very fast. 汤姆到加拿大时乘坐的火车速度非常快。 He is the man from whose house the picture was stolen. 他就是那个家里的画被偷的人。,3“复合介词短语关系代词”引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。 He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree. 他住在一个大房子里，房子前面有一棵大树。 4ofwhich/whom表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose) She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction of which had taken more than three years. 她带着游客参观这座博物馆花了三年多才建成的建筑。,
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