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,选修8 Unit 1Unit 5,Unit 1 A land of diversity,1_ (n.) 手段；方法 2_ (n.) (人口、贸易的)繁荣 (vi.) 处于经济迅速发展时期 3_ (n.) 海关；关税；进口税 4_ (vi.) 发生；出现 5_ (vi.) 滑动；滑行；滑跤 (n.) 滑动；滑倒 6_ (vt.&n.) 租用；雇用 7_ (adv.) 无处；任何地方都不 8_ (vt.&vi.) 改革；革新 (n.) 改革；改造；改良,重点单词,means boom customs occur slip hire nowhere reform,9_ (vt.&n.) 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会 10_ (adj.) 清晰的；明显的；明确的_ (n.)差别；区分；卓著 11_ (n.) 大多数；大半_ (n.) 少数 12_ (vt.) 选择；推选；选举_ (n.) 选举 13_ (n.) 申请人_(v.) 申请_ (n.) 申请 14_ (vt.) 指出；标示；表明；暗示_ (n.) 迹象_ (n.) 指示器；指示物 15_ (adj.) 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的 _ (adv.) 显然地；显而易见地,grasp,distinct,distinction,majority,minority,elect,election,applicant,apply,application,indicate,indication,indicator,apparent,apparently,1_ 继续存在；继续生存 2_ 用办法；借助 3_ 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 4_ 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等) 5_ 背靠背 6_ 与合作或一起工作 7_ 划线；标出界线 8_ 包括；吸收；欺骗；理解 9_ 许多；很多 10_ 申请；请示得到,重点短语,live on by means of make a life keep up back to back team up with mark out take in a great/good many apply for,1However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，可能至少在15 000年前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。 解读 it is likely that.“有可能”。 仿写 盗贼很可能不知道此物的价值。 _the thieves dont know how much it is worth.,经典句型,答案：It is likely that,2It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. 人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以致不可能存在一种明显主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。 解读 it is believed that.“人们认为/相信”，其构成为：itbe过去分词that从句。 仿写 人们相信努力工作就能成功。 _hard work can lead to success.,答案：It is believed that,3Built in 1873，the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie，who wanted to find a better form of transport than horsedrawn trams. 缆车系统建立于1873年，是由安德鲁哈利迪发明的，他想找到一种比马拉轨道车更好的交通方式。 解读 built in 1873为过去分词短语作时间状语。 仿写 给予更多的关心和教导，这个孩子可能成为一名音乐家。 _，the child is likely to grow into a musician.,答案：Given more attention and instruction,4Thats why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. 这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。 解读 Thats why.那就是为什么。 仿写 他迷恋电脑游戏，那就是他为什么必须辍学的原因。 He is addicted to computer games，_he has to drop out of school.,答案： thats why,1means n. 手段，方法 教材原句 Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. 科学家们认为，这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。,板块一：核心单词,by this means用这种方法 by means of通过；用；借助于 by no means决不；一点也不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序) by all means(用于交际英语表示同意)当然可以；没问题 a means of communication一种通讯/交流工具,Can I use your car？我能用你的汽车吗？ By all means.当然。 As is known to us，the telephone is a_of communication. 众所周知，电话是一种有用的通讯工具。 He traveled across the ice _a dog sled. 他用狗拉雪橇穿过这片雪地。 Punishment is_a wise choice to help students grow up mentally and physically. 惩罚绝对不是帮助学生身心成长的明智选择。,答案：useful means by means of by no means,2majority n. 大多数；大半 教材原句 Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men，whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. 在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向土著人传授天主教。,(1)the majority of.大多数的 be in a/the majority占多数；过半数 (2)major adj. 较大的；较多的；主要的 vi. 主修 n. 主修课 major in 主修 (3)minority n. 少数,The majority was/were in favour of banning smoking. 大多数人支持禁烟。 Only a minority of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking subway to work are_. 在那个城市只有少数人没有汽车，但是乘坐地铁上班的人却占了大多数。 _students in our class find it hard to learn English well，but I encourage them never to give it up. 我们班大多数的学生发现学好英语很难，但我鼓励他们永远不要放弃。,答案： in the/a majority The majority of,3occur vi. 发生；出现 教材原句 Yes.It didnt occur to me that. 是的，我没想到,sth.occurs to sb.某人突然想起某事 It occurs to/strikes/hits sb.that.某人突然想起 It occurs to sb.to do sth.某人突然想起做某事,It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to buy the products. 我从未想到过你能说服他购买这些产品。 It_ her that she should adopt the homeless child. 她突然想到她应该收养这个无家可归的孩子。 _didnt occur to her to ask for help. 她没想到请别人帮忙。 When Babbage was working at Cambridge，a new idea_ _him. 在剑桥工作时，巴比奇想到了一个新主意。,答案： occurred to/struck/hit It occurred to,4indicate vt.指出，指示；指明，表明；暗示 教材原句 Try to use the expressions above to indicate that you are listening carefully to your partner. 尽量使用以上的表达来表明你在聆听你同伴说话。,(1)indicate sth.to sb.向某人指出某物 indicate that.示意，表明 as.indicates正如所示 (2)indication n指示；象征，预示,Research indicates that eating habits are changing fast. 研究显示，饮食习惯正迅速改变。 A sign_the right road for us to follow. 标牌给我们指出了应走的路。 With a nod of his head he_me where I should sit. 他点头示意我应坐的地方。 There are_that the economy is improving. 有明显的迹象显示经济已开始好转。,答案：indicated indicated to clear indications,5apparently adv. 显然地；显而易见地 教材原句 Apparently hed been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a trams brakes failed，the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it. 显然，当他看到在一场可怕的事故中，有轨电车的刹车失灵，列车长控制不了形势，电车拖着马匹滑下山时，大为震惊。,(1)As is apparently shown/stated in the picture/chart/passage above.正如上面图画/图表/文中明显展示/陈述的那样 (2)apparent adj.显然的；显而易见的 It is apparent that.显然(apparently) It is apparent from sth.that.从某物上很明显地看出 It is apparent to sb.that.某人明白,It soon became apparent to everyone that he couldnt sing. 很快大家都明白他不会唱歌。 _was apparent from his words that he was unsatisfied with the result. 从他的语言中可以明显地看出他对这个结果不满意。 He was _ much surprised at the news that the amateur athlete beat the professional one who ranked top ten. 听到那个业余运动员打败了排名前十位的职业运动员这个消息，他大为震惊。,答案：It apparently,6hire vt.&n.租用；雇用 教材原句 Teamed up with a couple from my hotel(Peter and Terri) and hired a car. 同饭店里的一对夫妻(彼得和泰莉)做伴，一起租了一辆小汽车。,hire sth.out(to sb.)把租出去(给某人) on hire出租 for hire可供出租,We hired a driver to take us on a tour of the city. 我们雇用了一个司机带我们游览这个城市。 These cars are_hire. 这些汽车供出租用。,答案：for,填一填 She_the cottage to holiday makers in the summer. I_a suit for the wedding. She_as a secretary.,答案：rented hired is employed,7live on以为主食，靠生活；继续存在，继续活着 教材原句 The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. 这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。,板块二：短语和句型,live up to符合(标准)，不负(盛名)，履行(诺言) live with忍受，容忍 live through经历(艰难或险境) live alife过的生活,The Irish used to live on a diet of potatoes. 爱尔兰人过去用马铃薯作为主食。 She died ten years ago but her memory_. 她十年前就去世了，但她却留在人们的记忆中。 He has_two world wars. 他经历了两次世界大战。 He failed to_his parents expectations. 他辜负了父母的期望。 I just had to learn to_pain. 我不得不学会忍受痛苦。,答案： lives on lived through live up to live with,8. make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生 教材原句 Some died or returned home，but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. 有些人死了或回家了，但是大多数人留在加利福尼亚谋生，尽管困难重重。,(1)lead/live alife过着的生活 lose ones life失去生命 come to life苏醒 bring sb./sth.(back) to life给活力；使复活 lay down ones life (for sb./sth.)为献身：牺牲生命 start/make a new life开始新生活 (2)make/earn a/ones living谋生,They settled down in Canada and made a life for themselves. 他们在加拿大定居下来，习惯新的生活方式。 When the girl finally _，we began to breathe easily. 这个女孩苏醒后我们才放心。 The new teacher always _with his humor. 新来的老师总是用他的幽默把课上得生动活泼。 The local farmers can grow crops to_. 当地的农民可以种庄稼谋生。,答案： came to life brought the class to life make a living,9mark out画线；标出界线 教材原句 Theres a fascinating drive marked out for tourists. 有一种专为旅游者选定的驾车游活动。,mark vt.做记号；打分；庆祝；标志 n痕迹；标记；分数 mark.with.用给做标记 make a mark on在上做标记,They scratched lines in the dirt to mark out a pitch. 他们在地上划出一个球场。 Youd better_each small area to see clearly. 你最好能标出各个小区，以便看得清楚些。 She marked the important words_. 她用红色铅笔标出了重要的词。 He got_in maths test. 他在数学测验中得了满分。,答案：mark out with a red pencil a full mark,10take in 包括；吸收；收留；欺骗 教材原句 Its a 79 km roundtrip that takes in all the famous tourist spots. 这是一次往返79公里的旅行，它包括了所有著名的旅游景点。 猜一猜 观察句子，写出句中take in的含义 This is the total cost of the holiday，taking everything in._ Dont be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly._ I found it easy to take in what the teacher had taught._ He was homeless，so we took him in._,答案： 包括 欺骗 理解 收留,My writing career took off when I discovered my own style. 找到自己的写作风格后，我的写作事业开始有起色了。 The old city has_ a new look. 这座古城呈现了新面貌。 Since Jerry is absent today，lets get someone else to_the work where it was left off yesterday. 由于杰瑞今天缺席，我们让别人从昨天停下来的地方继续做这项工作。,答案： taken on take up,11a great/good many许多；很多 教材原句 Saw some interesting temples here，a number of markets and a great many restaurants. 在这儿看到了一些有趣的寺庙，不少的集贸市场和大量的餐馆。,The country has a great many problems that need urgent attention. 该国有许多急需关注的问题。 A great_students like music and sports. 很多学生都喜欢音乐和体育活动。 It seems that a_many of them are out of work now. 他们中的许多人现在似乎都失业了。 There is a great/good_of oil on the surface of the sea after the accident. 事故后，海面上有大量的石油。 _reading English. 很多学生在读英语。,答案：many great/good deal Many a student is,12That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. 这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。,(1)That is why.这就是为什么(why从句表示结果) (2)Thats because.这是因为(because从句表示原因) (3)The reason why.is/was that.的原因是(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because),He was ill.That was why he was absent from the meeting. 他病了，那就是他缺席会议的原因。 The boss scolded him.That was_he made the same mistake again. 老板责骂了他，那是因为他又犯了同样的错误。 The reason_he was late for school was_he got up late. 他上学迟到的原因是他起床晚了。 One reason why she prefers to live in the city is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. 她选择住在城市的原因是她可以很容易地到一些地方，像商店、饭店。,答案：because why；that that,13It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. 人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以致不可能存在一种明显主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。,Its believed that.“人们认为”。在该句型中，it是形式主语，that引导主语从句。 Its said that. 据说 Its reported that. 据报道 Its hoped that. 大家希望 Its wellknown that. 众所周知 Its thought that. 大家认为 Its suggested that. 据建议,It is generally believed that IT has both advantages and disadvantages. 人们普遍认为信息技术既有优点又有缺点。 It is reported that the way people spend their holidays has changed a great deal in the past ten years. The way people spend their holidays_a great deal in the past ten years. 据报道在过去十年里人们度假的方式已改变了许多。,答案：is reported to have changed,14Built in 1873，the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie，who wanted to find a better form of transport than horsedrawn trams. 缆车系统建立于1873年，是由安德鲁海利迪发明的，他试图找到一种比马拉轨道车更好的交通方式。,Built in 1873为过去分词短语作状语。过去分词短语通常在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等状语。过去分词通常与句子的主语构成被动关系，或表示动作已完成。,Seated in his car，he waved goodbye to all the people who came to see him off. 他坐在车上，向前来为他送行的所有人挥手告别。(表时间) _(give) enough time，he could do it better. 如果给他充足的时间，他可以做得更好。(表条件) Professor Li stood there，_(surround)by many students. 李教授站在那里，许多学生围着他。(表伴随) _(wound)，the brave soldier continued to fight. 虽然受伤了，这位勇敢的战士仍继续战斗。(表让步),答案：Given surrounded Wounded,根据汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子 1For whatever odd reason，I was into him，_all of my friends and family hated him.(despite) 不知因为什么古怪的原因，我就是被他迷住了，尽管我的朋友和家人都讨厌他。 2In education we are striving not to teach youth to make a living，but_.(life) 教育不是为了教会青年人谋生，而是教会他们创造生活。,单元语法专练：,答案： 1.despite the fact that 2.to make a life,3For some reason we are satisfied when we think we are wellprotected；_ask ourselves：why has this happened？(occur) 出于某种原因，当我们觉得防范周密时就感到心满意足；我们没有问过自己：为什么会出现这种情况？ 4The information highway will not only_with distant friends，it will also enable us to find new companions.(keep) 信息高速公路将不仅会使与遥远的朋友保持联系变得更容易，而且还能使我们找到新的朋友。,答案：3.it doesnt occur to us to 4.make it easier to keep up,5The Olympics of 776 BC was the first，for which there is a written record，but_these events existed before this.(believe) 公元前776年的奥运会是有文字记录的第一届，但据说在此之前这项运动就已经存在了。 6The freight must be added to the cost of the goods and_the prices are higher.(why) 运费必须加到货物的价格上面，这就是为什么这些货物价格比较高的原因。,答案： 5.it is believed that 6.thats why,7_in China，Japan and Taiwan，the East Asian islands at the center of an angry dispute are little more than remote shards of guanocovered rock.(call) 无论中国、日本和台湾如何称呼这些处于激烈争议中心的东亚岛屿，它们都不过是一些鸟粪覆盖的岩石而已。 8Claims to the uninhabited islands_Senkaku or Diaoyu are complicated by past bitterness and modern interdependency between China and Japan.(know) 中日之间痛苦的过去和现代经济的相互依赖使无人居住的被称作尖阁诸岛或钓鱼岛的主权争议变得更加复杂。,答案： 7.Whatever/ No matter what theyre called 8.(which are) known as,9_a scholarship that I was able to graduate from my dream university.(apply) 正是因为我申请了奖学金我才得以从我理想中的大学毕业。 10_their fault to them did they realize it.(point) 直到我们指出了他们的错误，他们才意识到这点。,答案： 9.It was because I applied for 10.Not until we pointed out,
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