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,Unit 1 A land of diversity,主干回顾夯基础,【基础单词】 1_ n差别；区分；卓著 2_ n苦难；困苦 3_ vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人 4_ n海鸥 5_ n角；角度 6_ adv.无处；到处都无 7_n处罚；惩罚 8_ n公正；公平,distinction,hardship,elect,seagull,angle,nowhere,punishment,justice,9_ vt.& vi.哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛 10_ adj.公民的；国内的；民间的 11_ n权威；权力(pl.)当局；官方 12_ vt.& vi.改革；革新 n改革；改造；改良 13_ vt.& n抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会 14_ adj.感激的；感谢的 15_ vt.插入；嵌入,mourn,civil,authority,reform,grasp,thankful,insert,【单词拓展】 1_ adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的_ n差别； 区分；卓著 2_ n手段；方法_ v意思是；打算；意味着_ n意思，意义_ adj.有意义的_adj.无意义的 3_ n大多数；大半_ adj.主要的；重要的_ n少数；少数民族,distinct,distinction,means,mean,meaning,meaningful,meaningless,majority,major,minority,4_ n百分比；百分率_ n百分之几 5_ vi.移入(外国定居)_ n移民；移居入境 6_ adj.人种的；种族的_ n种族；比赛 v和竞赛；比赛 7_ n申请人_ v申请；应用_ n申请；应用程序 8_ n社会主义者；社会党人adj.社会主义者的_ n社会主义_ n社会,percentage,percent,immigrate,immigration,racial,race,applicant,apply,application,socialist,socialism,society,9_ vi.发生；出现_ n发生；出现；事件 10_ vt.指出；表明；标示；暗示_ n指示；表明；指示物 11_ adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的_ adv.显然地；显而易见地,occur,occurrence,indicate,indication,apparent,apparently,【语境填词】 用适当的词填空。 _1_ a high _2_ of American population are from different _3_ and _4_.The _5_ are not _6_，so their _7_ culture is a _8_. 答案：1.Apparently 2.percentage 3.nationalities 4.races 5majority 6.natives 7.social 8.mixture,1_用办法；借助 2_谋生 3_与合作或一起工作 4_划线标出界线 5_包括；吸收 6 _许多；很多,by means of.,make a life,team up with.,mark out,take in,a great/good many,7_继续存在；继续生活 8_坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等) 9_背靠背 10_申请；请示；得到,live on,keep up,back to back,apply for,1However，_ Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，美洲土著人很可能在至少一万五千年前就在加州生活着。 2_ today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. 这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。,it is likely that,That is why,3Two centuries later，the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of _ the United States. 两百年后，西班牙人定居在南美洲大多数地区以及现在美国所在的西北沿海。,what we now call,在下列文段空缺处填入一个适当的词使句子连贯。 Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California，no one really knows.However，_1_is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.Scientists believe that these first settlers_2_(cross)the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America_3_means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.,In the 16th century，after the_4_(arrive)of Europeans，the native people suffered greatly.Thousands were killed or forced into slavery._5_addition，many died from the diseases brought by Europeans.However，some survived these terrible times，and today there are more Native Americans_6_(live)in California than in any other state.,In the 18th century，California was ruled by Spain.Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century，_7_they fought against the native people and_8_(take)their land.Two centuries later，the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States.Of_9_first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men，_10_ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. 答案：1.it 2.crossed 3.by 4.arrival 5.In 6.living 7.when 8took 9.the 10.whose,核心探究 破疑难,means n手段；方法,by means of.用办法；借助 by this means用这种方法 by all means务必，一定，当然可以 by any means无论如何，以一切可能的手段 by no means绝不，无论如何也不 a means of communication一种通讯/交流工具,(朗文P1277)Millions of Chinese rely on bicycles as their important means of transportation. 自行车是数百万中国人赖以出行的重要交通工具。 (朗文P1277)By all means，drink plenty of water while exercising. 当然，锻炼的时候多喝水。 Ive tried very hard to improve my English.But by no means is my parents satisfied with my progress. 为了提高英语水平，我已尽力了。但父母对我的进步一点也不满意。,【点津】 means用作“方式；方法”时单复数同形。若all/some/several/many means作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若every/each/one/a means作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。,Every possible means has been tried，but none worked. All possible means have been tried，but none worked. 各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。,学以致用 1完成句子 她不会说话，但她用手势表达了她的愿望。 She could not speak，but made her wishes known _ signs. 他对目前的工作一点也不满意，要求我们务必完成任务。 _ was he satisfied with the job and he asked us to finish the task _.,众所周知，电话是一种有用的通讯工具。 As is known to us，the telephone is _ of communication. 答案：by means of By no means；by all means a useful means,majority n大多数；大半,(1)the majority of 的大多数 in a/the majority占大多数 get a majority获得多数票 have a majority over sb.拥有多数；战胜某人 by/with a majority of以大多数赢得 (2)minority n少数 in the minority占少数 (3)major adj.主要的；vi.专修；主攻 major in主修,(牛津P1220)The majority was/were in favour of banning smoking. 大多数人支持禁烟。 A/The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health. 大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。 Young people were in the majority at the meeting. 这次会议中，年轻人占了多数。,【点津】 (1)majority为可数名词，意为great number，指可数的概念，不指量(amount)。the majority作主语时，如果泛指多数(与少数相对)，谓语动词用复数形式和单数形式皆可。 (2)the majority of名词，表示“多数，许多”，其后的谓语动词取决于of之后的名词。,(3)majority常由great(但不是greater)修饰，表示“most of”。只有在谈到两个“大多数”(two majorities)时使用greater。 (4)与介词连用作状语时用不定冠词“a/an”。 She was chosen by a thin majority of 15.,学以致用 2完成句子 在会上，年轻人占大多数。 At the meeting，young people _. 大多数人在选举中投了他的票。 _ people voted for him in the election. 你在大学主修的科目是什么？ What subject did you _ when you were in university? 答案：were in a/the majority The majority of major in,occur vi.发生；存在；出现,That sound does not occur in my language. 我的语言里不存在那个音。 Just then an idea occurred to me. 就在那时我想起了一个主意。 I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred. 我正沿街寻找停车点时，突然发生了事故。,【点津】 (1)表达“发生”之意时，occur与happen可以互换；另外occur，happen，take place，break out等表示“发生；爆发”的单词或短语都不能用于被动语态或进行时态。 (2)occur结构中主语不能是人，而是想到的事情或it作形式主语。,学以致用 3完成句子 你当时没有想到你丈夫也许会晚到吗？ Didnt it _ your husband might be late? 交流几乎在你生活的每一分钟都会发生。 _ almost every minute of your life. 她没想到请别人帮忙。 It didnt _ to ask for help. 答案：occur to you that Communication occurs occur to her,make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生,(1)come to life苏醒；变得活跃 live/lead alife过着生活 come back to life苏醒过来；恢复生气 bring.back to life使苏醒过来；给活力 start/make a new life开始新生活 (2)make/earn a/ones living谋生,(教材原句)Some died or returned home，but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. 有些人死了或回家了，但是大多数人留在加利福尼亚谋生，尽管困难重重。 Some people from the country find it hard to make a life in big cities. 一些来自农村的人发现很难在大城市生存下来。,(牛津P1188)They moved out West to make a new life there. 他们迁往西部去开始新生活。 (牛津P1166)The match finally came to life in the second half. 比赛在下半场终于精彩起来。,学以致用 1完成句子 他们在加拿大定居下来，习惯新的生活方式。 They settled down in Canada and _ for themselves. 这个原来似乎杳无人烟的村庄顿时恢复了生机。 The village，which had seemed deserted，immediately _. 你在北京时是如何谋生的？ How did you _ when you were in Beijing? 答案：made a life came to life make a living,team up with(cooperate with)与结合/合作，协作,team up 合作；协作 be fed up with对感到厌烦，腻了 catch/keep up with赶上 put up with忍受；容忍 end up with以结束,(朗文P2113)The university is teaming up with a school in England for the research project. 该大学正与英格兰的一所学校合作研究这项课题。 We teamed up so that we could divide the work and write a book more quickly. 我们相互协作，以使我们能够分配任务并且更快地写完这本书。 After seeing so many houses，we ended up with buying the one on the lakeside. 看了那么多的房子之后，我们最后还是买了湖边的那栋房子。,学以致用 2完成句子 我下周就要搬了，在此之前，我还是得忍受这种噪音。 Ill have to _ till I move next week. 这对老夫妻每天都去同一个公园，从不厌烦。 The old couple is never _ going to the same park every day. 答案：put up with the noise fed up with,That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. 这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。 句中的why引导的是表语从句，注意以下句式的区别：,(1)Thats why.这就是为什么(why从句表示结果) (2)Thats because.这是因为(because从句表示原因) (3)The reason why.is/was that.的原因是(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because),Tom was ill.That was why he came late for the meeting. 汤姆病了，那就是他开会迟到的原因。 Tom came late for the meeting.That was because he was ill. 汤姆开会迟到了，那是因为他病了。 The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill. 汤姆开会迟到的原因是因为他病了。,学以致用 完成句子 那就是那节课他给我如此低的分数的原因。 _ he gave me such a poor grade in that class. 每年需要重新注射的原因是这种病毒经常变化。 _ the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus often changes. 答案：Thats why The reason why,
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