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高考语法复习,名词性从句,Part One,基础理论知识,Elements of sentences,Subject,Predicate,Object,Predicative,Complement,Attribute,adverbial,Five basic sentence patterns,S + V,S + V + O,S + V + P,S + V + iO + dO,S + V + O + Oc,How many types of sentences are there?,Communicative function,Statement,陈述句,Command,祈使句,Question,疑问句,Exclamation,感叹句,Sentence structure,Simple sentence,简单句,Compound sentence,并列句,Complex sentence,复合句,Whatre the types of complex sentences?,Noun clause,Attributive clause,Adverbial clause,名词性从句,He saw a little bird.,What he saw was a little bird.,He saw that a little bird was singing in a big tree.,主语+,谓语+,宾语,主语从句 +,宾语从句,系动词 + 表语,主语+谓语 +,2.He saw a little bird.,3. The little bird was in a big apple tree.,主语,系动词,表语,The little bird was what we saw in a big apple tree.,表语从句,I have a dream that I have entered a key university.,同位语从句,that,引导名词性从句的连接词,连接词 - (不充当从句的任何成分) that (无具体词义) whether/ if (是否) 连接代词 - (在从句中充当主语，宾语或定语，一般保持其疑问词意义 what除外) who whom whose which what whatever whoever whichever 连接副词: - (在从句中担任状语，保持其疑问词意义) when, where, how, why whenever, wherever, however,as if / as though (仿佛） because (因为）,表从,1._ Native Americans arrived in California 15,000 years ago or 14,000 years ago is not important. 2.The fact _ they arrived a long time before Europeans is _ matters. 3.I believe _ the Native Americans were treated badly when the first Europeans came. 4.The customs office is _ your baggage is inspected when you enter or leave a country.,Whether,that,what,that,where,主语从句,同位语+表语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,Noun Clauses,(be, look, seem, remain),Im anxious that (形容词+that),Part Two,重难点及考点,1.判断是三大从句中的哪一种(定,状,名) 2.判断是名词性从句中的哪一种(主,宾,表,同) 3.连接词的选择(连接代词还是副词) what & that who & whoever no matter wh- & - ever whether & if 4.语序 5.时态 6.虚拟语气 7.形式主语和形式宾语 8.同位语和定从的区别,连接代词 & 连接副词,As parents, they surely know _ they can do something to educate children. 2.As parents, they surely know _ they should do to educate children. 3.As parents, they dont know _ they should do something to educate children.,that,what,whether,一看成分, 二看含义,what & that,1._ caused the accident is still a mystery. 2._ the drivers carelessness caused the accident is known to all. 3. The mystery is _ caused the accident. 4. It is known to all _the drivers carelessness caused the accident.,5. _made the school proud was _ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. 6.He is curious about _ is called the birdnest.,What,That,what,that,What,that,what在句子中充当名词性成分(主,表,宾) that不充当成分,只起连接作用.,what,1. _he will succeed is certain . It is certain _ he will succeed. _ he will succeed is uncertain. _he succeeded was still a mystery. 2.I know _ smoking does terrible damage to my heart and lungs and _ it is more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant.,That,that,Whether,How/Why/Whether,名词性从句中缺什么就填相应疑问词,什么也不缺也要填that,that,that,多个宾语从句中，第一个that可省,后面的都不可省.,(that),He thinks he is superior to others and they should obey him unconditionally. Please see to that the door is safely locked before you go. She _ (担心)that she might fail the exam. I knows nothing about her _(除了) he is an America.,that,it,is afraid,That可接在but, except后，in that 因为,except that,第二that不省略,it + that,形容词后接宾从 that,who-whoever what-whatever which-whichever,1._ will go to the energy conference is unknown. _behaves dishonestly will deserve punishing. 2. He asked me _ would be fit for the job. He could ask _ has such experience to assist him. 3.I hoped that I could grow up as soon as possible so that I could have _ I wanted and do _ I liked. 4. I am not sure _ bike belongs to me. You can take away _ bike you like.,名词性从句中,who, what, which表示疑问 whoever=anybody who Whatever=anything that(语气比what更强烈),Who,Whoever,who,whoever,whatever,whatever,which,whichever,_ you go and _you do, Ill be right here waiting for you.,Wherever,whatever,No matter where,no matter what,离开房间的任何人应该把灯关掉。 _ought to turn off the light. _ he had was seized by the Japanese soldiers.,Whoever leaves the room last,Whatever,No matter wh- & -ever,状从,主句完整,主从(担当整句的主语),主从,判断状从和名从(主,表,宾从)的依据:主句是否完整.,whether & if,1._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 2.What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.,表是否时,一般都能用whether. If 可引导动词后的宾语从句.,Whether,whether,that,3.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.,Whether / if 表疑问, that不表疑问,名词性从句在句中要用_语序,从句的引导词必须始终置于_,考点4语序问题,1.No one can be sure _ in a million years. what will man look like B. what man will look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like,陈述,总结 归纳：,2.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited,句首,1) When will Professor Li give us a talk? We wanted to know We wanted to know when Professor Li would give us a talk. 2) Jim is a good student. The teacher said The teacher said (that) Jim was a good student. 3) Has Mr. Green been in Beijing for five years? He asked He asked if/whether Mr. Green had been in Beijing for five years.,考点5 时态问题,考点5 时态问题,2.主句的动词用过去时，从句表示客观事实，格言，谚语等，从句谓语动词用一般现在时,Our physics teacher once told us that light _ (travel) faster than sound.,travels,3.主句的动词用一般现在时，从句谓语可根据从句谓语动词发生的时间选用各种时态,Tom says that Mary _ (go) abroad last year and _ (be) there for nearly 5 months.,went,has been,1.We suggested that the meeting _ (cancel). 2. The smile on his face suggested that he_ (be) satisfied with our work. 3. It is strange that he _ (inform) you of this. 4. I wish he _(pass) the exam yesterday.,考点6 虚拟语气,be cancelled,was,inform,had passed,It is suggested that should (not),I suggest that should (not),My suggestion is that should (not),I have the suggestion that should (not),1. advise, suggest, demand, order, insist, require, request, recommend 建议,请求,命令, 坚持 (名词性从句中),2.It is strange/important/a pity/a shame /no wonder that (should) do,3.I wish that,1. I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books. 2. That is hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting. 3. (09天津）It is obvious to the students whether they should get well prepared for their future. 4. It doesnt matter that you will come or not.,it,It,that,whether,找出下列句子中的错误,总结归纳：,当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将从句_，而用it作为形式主语置于句首。it 也可作形式宾语。,后置,考点7 it作形式主语和形式宾语,It做形式主语的常见句型,1. It + be + adj. /n + that/ wh-,2. It + be + v-ed + that/ wh-,3. It + appear / seem + that,4. It + occur to sb/ strike sb + that,5. It + doesnt matter + whether / if /how / wh-,6. It + turn out/ come out + that,Lets have a try,他好像对这个计划没有什么兴趣。 水油不容，这是常识。 我突然意识到除了我没有其他的妇女出席了这个会议。,It seems that he has no interest in the plan.,He seems to have no .,It is common sense that water and oil dont mix.,It struck me that there were no other women present at the meeting except me.,1. _ is known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. (福建 2008) 2. He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.（07年天津卷） 3.It is _(amaze) that so many great works of art are housed in the same museums. 4.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full.,Exercises,_ is known to us all, the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.,amazing,it,it,It,As,考点8 同位语从句与定语从句的区别,同位语从句: 解释说明抽象名词(news, reason, fact, order, etc)的具体内容。that在从句中_成分。 定语从句:修饰限定先行词(具体或抽象名词) 关系词应代替 先行词在从句中_句子成分。,1. （09江西）The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. 2. The suggestion _he raised at the meeting is very good. 3. The suggestion _ the students (should) have plenty of exercise is very good.,不充当,充当,做题顺序：“二看” 一看_是否完整；二看_确定答案。,从句,句意,that,that/which,that,定从,the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.,The fact,Part Three,写作,1. Typical mistakes. 1).The article tells us about children misbehave for many reasons. 2).Parents ignorance leads to that children misbehave to draw their attention.,(that),The article tells us _the reasons_ children misbehave. The article tells us _the reasons _ childrens misbehaviors.,leads to the fact that leads to childrens misbehaving/ misbehaviors,why,for,about,about,2.写作中高频句型(背诵),1). It occurred to me that I used to make a serious mistake./It occurred to me that I had a similar experience when I was in primary school. 我想起了(记叙文中的引入) 2). There is no doubt that what my mother said made a big difference to me.毫无疑问 3). From the reasons above, we can safely draw a conclusion that bicycling is of great benefit to our health. 我们不难得出结论,(议论文的结论) 4) From the story, I have learnt a lesson that Where there is a will, there is a way.,记叙文,5). It is generally considered that childrens misbehaviour is largely due to their parents wrong education. 6). Whats the most important is to make up your mind./is that you must make up your mind. 7). We consider it (is) unadvisable to pay money for childrens study. 8). It seemed that/as if my mother had got the truth. 9). There is no denying the fact that 10). The reason is that 11). It is because 12). It is suggested that ,不可否认,人们普遍认为,3.As a saying goes, 名词性从句的谚语: 1).whats lost is lost. 2).What we do willingly is easy. 3).Children are what their mothers are. 4).Whats done cannot be undone.,失者不可得. 愿者不难. 言传身教,耳濡目染. 覆水难收.,人们参加志愿者活动的原因是他们有社会责任感。作为一名学生，我会做我能做的事情来奉献社会。让陷入困境的人们感到温暖是非常重要的。志愿者相信世界上有一部分最幸福的人就是那些给别人带来快乐的人。,The reason why they take part in the voluntary work is that they have their social responsibilities. As a student, I will do whatever I can to devote myself to our society. It is very important that we should let people in need feel warmer. Volunteers believe that some of the happiest people in the world are those who help to bring happiness to others.,5.Translation,We study in the new teaching building. It makes everyone excited. We walk in the building. We are happy. We can enjoy many paintings and hand-writings. We use our own works to decorate it . It is cool. Our school provides us convenience. It is the goal of our school. The cabinet is an example. We bring many things to school. We can put them in the cabinet. There is hot water too. How can we keep the teaching building clean and beautiful? We are discussing it.,4.适当地使用从句,尤其是名词从句优化文段,_we are studying in the new teaching building makes everyone excited. Even walking in the building brings us happiness _we can enjoy many paintings and handwritings. _is cool that we use our own works to decorate it . To provide us convenience is the goal of our school. The cabinet is an example. _we bring to school can be kept in it. Besides, _ we are thirsty there is hot water. Now, how we can keep the teaching building clean and beautiful_(discuss).,That,for,It,What,whenever,is being discussed,how,
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