高考英语 语法专项突破 特殊句式课件 外研版.ppt

上传人:sh****n 文档编号:2247871 上传时间:2019-11-18 格式:PPT 页数:67 大小:626KB
返回 下载 相关 举报
高考英语 语法专项突破 特殊句式课件 外研版.ppt_第1页
第1页 / 共67页
高考英语 语法专项突破 特殊句式课件 外研版.ppt_第2页
第2页 / 共67页
高考英语 语法专项突破 特殊句式课件 外研版.ppt_第3页
第3页 / 共67页
点击查看更多>>
资源描述
走向高考 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,外研版 高考总复习,语法专项突破,第二部分,语法专项突破(十三) 特殊句式,第二部分,考 纲 解 读,命 题 分 析,知 识 归 纳,语 法 专 练,2,3,4,1,2013年全国及各省市的高考试卷中共有13道考查特殊句式的题。通过仔细分析,我们发现这13道题主要考查的知识点有:(1)各种倒装句的表现形式;(2)强调句型的表达方法;(3)省略句;(4)反意疑问句;(5)“祈使句and”并列句。其中倒装句与反意疑问句是难点。,一、考点知识归纳 考点一 倒装句 英语中的倒装句分为两种,一种是完全倒装句,另外一种是部分倒装句,这主要是由句首的词决定的。抓住句子中的关键词汇是解答该题目的关键。如句中的not until, not only, little等,只要抓住这些,问题也就迎刃而解了。,1完全倒装 谓语动词完全位于主语之前的句子,叫完全倒装句。这类句型主要有: (1)There be主语.,此结构中的be有时用stand/exist/lie/ flow/seem等不及物动词代替。如: There seems to be something wrong with the machine. 机器好像出了点问题。,(2)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语,如here, there, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the way等,置于句首。如: Out rushed the children. 孩子们冲了出去。 South of the river lies a small factory. 一个小型工厂坐落在河的南岸。,(3)such置于句首时。如: Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist. 这就是艾伯特爱因斯坦,一个简单的人,也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。 Such are the facts, no one can deny them. 这就是事实,没有人能否认他们。 此句型中的such多被认为是表语。所以,such后的be动词应与其后的“真正的主语”保持一致。,2部分倒装 只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子,叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有: (1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且放在句首时。如: Trevor sat in the dark. Only then did I realise how unhappy he was. 特雷弗坐在黑暗里。直到那时我才意识到他是多么不快乐。 Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有以这种方法,我们才能学好英语。,提示:如果谓语部分无助动词或情态动词,则必须借助动词来构成倒装句,其变化类似于变一般疑问句。如: Only after the war learned he the sad news.() Only after the war did he learn the sad news. () only修饰状语从句时,从句不倒装。如: Only when did he return did we find out the truth.() Only when he returned did we find out the truth. () only修饰主语时,句子不倒装。如: Only can he answer the question. () Only he can answer the question. (),(2)not only.but also引导并列分句,且not only放于句首时,not only引导的句子倒装,but (also)句子不倒装。如: Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it. 不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助,而且也要给那些需要的人提供医疗。 提示:此句型也可写成Not only.but.或Not only.but.as well的形式,但but(also)引导的句子不倒装,必须用正常语序。,(3)否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时。如: Never before have I seen such a moving film. 以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。 Not a single mistake did he make. 他一个错误也没犯过。 Hardly do I think it possible to finish the job before dark. 在天黑之前完成这项工作我认为几乎不可能。,(4)so/such.that句型,so/such放于句首时。如: In such a hurry did he leave the office that he forgot to lock the door. 他离开办公室时太匆忙了,结果忘了锁门。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 他说英语如此清晰,他总能被听懂。 提示:在此句型中,that从句不倒装。,(5)not.until.句型的倒装。如: We didnt have supper until he returned. Not until he returned did we have supper. 直到他回来我们才吃晚饭。 提示:until从句不倒装,只是主句需要倒装。 (6)sobe/have/助动词/情态动词主语;也是如此。如: They love having lots of friends, so do those with disabilities. 他们喜欢交很多朋友,那些有残疾的也是如此。,提示:此句型也可写成“it is the same with.”或“so it is with.”。如: They love having lots of friends, it is the same with those with disabilities/so it is with those with disabilities. 如果句意不是“也是如此”,而只是对前面内容的肯定或附和(此时的soindeed),那么,句子不可使用倒装式。试比较: I was afraid. (句中的I指的是说话者A) So was I. (I指的是B,此句意为:I was afraid, too.) I was afraid. (I指的是A) So you were. (you指的也是A。此句意为:Indeed you were afraid.),再比较几个句子: He came last night, and so did I. 他昨晚来了,我也来了。 It is hot.天很热。 So it is.的确如此。 He is lazy. 他很懒。 So is she. 她也一样。,(7)neither (或nor)be/have/助动词/情态动词主语;也不这样。如: Lily cant ride, neither/nor can Lucy. 莉莉不会骑车,露西也不会。 提示:此句型也写成“it is the same with.”或“so it is with.”。 (8)在含有had/were/should的虚拟条件句中的部分倒装 在含有had/were/should的虚拟条件句可以省略if,将had/were/should放在主语之前,构成部分倒装。如: Were I not so busy, I should go with you. 如果我不这么忙,我就跟你去。,3形式倒装 as, though引导让步状语从句采用倒装形式的情况 (1)表语的倒装 Tired as/though he was, he still went on with his work. 尽管他很累,还是继续工作。 Strange as/though it seems, it is true. 尽管这事看上去奇怪,却是真的。 Exhausted as/though she was, she wasnt able to sleep. 尽管她精疲力竭,但还是睡不着觉。,(2)谓语动词的倒装 Try as he might, he didnt pass the exam. 尽管他努力了,但考试还是不及格。 Search as they would here and there, they could find nothing in the room. 尽管他们在房子里到处寻找,但他们找不到任何东西。 (3)状语的倒装 Much as he likes the bike, he doesnt want to buy it. 他虽然很喜欢那辆自行车,但不想买它。 Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with them. 虽然我努力学习了,但赶不上他们。,提示:如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语,将其提前构成倒装时,其前的冠词要省略。如: Child as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他是个孩子,但懂得不少事情。 Youngest as he is in our class, he speaks English the best. 虽然他是我们班年龄最小的,但英语说得最好。,考点二 强调 1强调句型 (1)强调句基本句型的考查 It is/was被强调部分that/who其他成分。如: It is I who/that am right. (主语)我才是对的。 It was him that/whom we met at the school gate.(宾语) 我们在学校门口见到的就是他。 It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.(状语) Tom是在公园里丢的这块表。,(2)其一般疑问句只需把is/was提前,即Is/Was被强调部分that/who其他成分。如: Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English? 教你们英语的是王教授吗? Was it during the AntiJapanese War that he died? 他是在抗日战争期间去世的吗?,(3)它的特殊疑问句为:疑问词is/was itthat其他成分?如: Who was it that broke the window? 打破窗户的是谁? When was it that you called me yesterday? 你昨天给我打电话是什么时候? What is it that you want me to do? 你要我干什么?,(4)not.until.句型的强调句 其强调句式为:It is/was not until被强调部分that其他成分。如: He didnt go to bed until ten oclock. It was not until ten oclock that he went to bed. 直到10点他才上床休息。 I didnt realize she was a famous film star until/till she took off her dark glasses. It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 直到她摘掉墨镜我才认出她是著名影星。,(5)强调句中的it与代词it 可根据能否恢复原句来判断,即把it is/was和that去掉,如果剩下的成分仍然能构成一个完整的句子,这就是强调句型,否则就不是。如: It is there that accidents often happen. Accidents often happen there. 在那儿经常发生事故。,以上就是强调句型,被强调成分是状语,把It is和that去掉,可还原成原来的非强调句。 It is clear that not all boys like football. 很显然并非所有男孩都喜欢足球。 去掉It is和that句子成了:Clear not all boys like football. 很显然这不是一个完整的句子,因此不是强调句型,而是由it作形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句。,(6)强调句型It is/was.that.;It is/was时间when/before从句;It is时间since从句 强调句型与It is/was时间when/before从句 在It is/was时间when/before从句中,it指时间,when/ before引导的时间状语从句。注意两种句型“时间”表达方式的不同。如: It was at midnight that he got home yesterday. 昨天午夜他回到了家里。,It was midnight when he got home yesterday. 昨天他回到家里时,已经是午夜了。 第一句是强调句型,被强调的是时间状语,因此用介词短语表达;而第二句是一般句型,时间以名词的方式表达,用来作表语。 强调句型与It is时间since从句 It is.since.表示“自从以来已有(时间)”。,提示:两个句型中的时态一般不同,试比较: It was two years ago that I began to learn English. 两年前我开始学英语。 It is two years since I began to learn English. 自从我开始学英语到现在有两年了。 第一句为强调句型,强调的是过去的事情,用一般过去时;而第二句表示“从过去到现在已有多长时间”,用一般现在时。但强调句型同样可以用一般现在时。如: It is two hours that he spends on English every day. 每天他花在英语上的时间为两小时。,2谓语动词的强调 It is/was.that.结构不能强调谓语。如果需要强调谓语,用助动词do, did或does。如: Do come this evening. 今天晚上一定来呀。 He did write to you last week. 上周他的确给你写信了。 Tom does study hard now. 现在汤姆的确学习很努力。,考点三 反义疑问句 1回答反义疑问句时应遵循以下原则 (1)要么肯定到底,要么否定到底,不会出现Yes, I dont.和No, I do.的形式。 (2)不管主句否定,还是附加疑问句否定,回答时只看所提到的事情是否发生。如果发生了,用肯定回答,否则用否定回答。如当对方问你You arent a teacher, are you?或You are a teacher, arent you?时,你只要听懂you和teacher两个单词即可,如果你是老师,回答Yes, I am.否则,回答No,I am not.。,2反义疑问句的五种情况 (1)情态动词must在反义疑问句中的用法要由它在陈述句部分中的意义决定。这是高考中的难点所在。具体见下表,(2)四种情况下的反义疑问句 陈述部分含有used to的反义疑问句。其反义疑问部分用usednt或didnt均可。如: You used to sleep with the windows open, usednt/didnt you? 你过去经常开着窗子睡觉,是吗? 陈述部分含有ought to的反义疑问句。其反义疑问部分用oughtnt或shouldnt均可。如: He ought to attend the lecture, oughtnt/shouldnt he? 你应该参加这场演讲,是不是?,否定词或半否定词的反义疑问句。当陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定词或半否定词时,疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如: He could hardly walk without a stick, could he? 没有拐杖他没法走路,是吗? 如果陈述部分含有由表示“否定”意义的前缀构成的词,其反义疑问部分一般用否定式。如: Tom dislikes playing tennis, doesnt he? 汤姆不喜欢打网球,是吗? Its unfair, isnt it? 这不公平,是不是?,(3)附加疑问句的主语和陈述部分的主语在人称、数上保持一致的几种情况,(4)祈使句的反义疑问句 当陈述句部分是祈使句时,反义疑问句的助动词不用do。 共有三种情况: 祈使句后面的附加疑问句一般用will you或wont you。如: Come in and sit down, wont you? 进来坐下,好吗? Give me a hand, will you? 帮我个忙,行吗?,以Lets开头的祈使句,后面的附加疑问句要用shall we;而以Let us或以Let me开头的祈使句,其后的附加疑问句应用will you。如: Lets try another way, shall we? 我们尝试另一个办法,好吗? Let us have a go, will you? 让我们试一试,好吗? 若陈述句部分是否定的祈使句,附加疑问句除了用will you外,也可用can you。此时附加疑问句必须为肯定形式。,考点四 省略句及其他 1省略句 (1)状语从句中的省略现象 当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致时,并且谓语部分含有be动词,可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be,这时从句中可出现如下结构: Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office. 他原来是教师,现在在政府办公室工作。(连词名词),Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。(连词形容词) He looked everywhere as if(he was) in search of something. 他到处打量好像在寻找什么东西。(连词介词短语) 当从句的主语是it,谓语动词中又含有系动词be时,可以把it和be动词一起省略。如: Unless (it is) necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary. 除非有必要,否则你最好不要查字典。,另外,我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容,此时可用ifso/not省略句式。如: He may not be at home then. If so (If he is not at home), leave him a note. 那时他可能不在家。如果不在家的话,给他留个便条。 Get up early tomorrow. If not (If you dont get up early), you will miss the first bus. 明天早晨要早起床。如果不早起,你就会错过第一班公交车。,(2)不定式的省略 单独使用不定式符号to。如: I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to. 我请他看电影,但是他不想去。 I didnt want to go there, but I had to. 我不想去那里,但不得不去。 否定形式的省略用not to。如: If you think reading is not right, I prefer not to. 如果你认为读书不对,那么我愿意不读。,如果不定式中含有be, have, 或have been,通常保留be,have和have been。如: Are you a worker? 你是工人吗? No, but I used to be. 我不是,但我曾经是。 He hasnt finished yet. 他还没做完呢。 Well, he ought to have. 哦,他应该完成了。,(3)其他省略的情况 as.as possible结构。这个结构常常表达“尽可能”。如: I drove as slowly as possible in the heavy traffic. 在交通拥挤时我尽可能慢地开车。 What if句式。这一结构用来表达“要是/即使怎么办/怎么样?”。如: What if this plan of yours fails? 如果你们的计划失败了怎么办?,What/How about句式。What/How about常用来提出建议或征求对方意见。如: What about going to the movies this weekend? 这个周末去看电影怎么样? Why/Why not句式。Why/Why not常跟动词原形,用来询问为什么或为什么不,有时含有强烈建议的意味。如: Why not go and ask the teacher for help? 为什么不去向老师寻求帮助呢?,2祈使句 (1)否定式和强调式 Dont be so sure. 别那么有把握。(否定式) Never come late. 千万别迟到。(强调式) Please dont forget to take your medicine. 请不要忘了吃药。(否定式),Do come on time this evening. 今晚务必准时到。(强调式) Do be careful! 千万要小心!(强调式) (2)祈使句and陈述句if.,主句 祈使句or陈述句if.not.,主句 如: Work hard and you will succeed. (If you work hard, you will succeed.) 努力工作,你就会成功。,Hurry up or we will be late. (If you dont hurry up, we will be late.) 快点儿,否则我们就迟到了。 One more minute and I will finish it. (If you give me one more minute, I will finish it.) 再待一分钟我就完成了。 3感叹句 (1)基本构成形式 What(a/an)形容词名词主语谓语! How形容词a/an单数可数名词主语谓语!,How形容词/副词主语谓语! (2)省略形式的感叹句 how直接修饰谓语动词:How主语谓语! How (much) we love our motherland! 我们是多么热爱我们的祖国呀! 省略主语和谓语 What an interesting book (it is)! 多有趣的一本书呀! How wonderful (it is)! 真棒!,(3)其他形式的感叹句 How can you be so silly! 你怎么这么傻! The design and the colours! 多美的图案和色彩! To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire! 竟然把这样一套衣服卖给一个百万富翁!,4there be句型 (1)在英语中there be句型表示“什么地方或什么时间存在什么事物”。在这种结构中,there是引导词,be后面的名词是主语,句子的结尾是地点(时间)状语。 There is a tall tree in front of the classroom. 教室前有棵高大的树。 There will be a meeting at the conference room at 8 oclock tomorrow morning. 明天上午8点在会议室有一个会议。,(2)如果有两个或两个以上的主语,谓语动词be要采用就近一致原则。 There is a pen, two books, and many pencils on the desk. 桌子上有一支钢笔,两本书还有许多铅笔。 (3)there be结构有不同时态的形式,而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。 There was a meeting in our school yesterday. 昨天我们学校召开了一次会议。 There will be a new film on Sunday. 星期日将上映一部新电影。,There have been many great changes in our village since then. 自从那时到现在,我们村发生了很大变化 There cant be any mistakes in his passage. 他的文章里不可能有错误。 (4)there be结构中的谓语动词be有时可用seem to be, happen to be, be likely to be或remain, stand, lie, go, exist, follow, live, come, occur等替换。 There is likely to be something wrong with his computer. 他的电脑可能有毛病。,Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple. 从前,那座庙里住着一个老和尚。 (5)there be句型的非谓语形式。 There being no enough time left, we have to hurry. (Because there is no enough time left.) 时间不多了,我们得抓紧。(独立主格结构作状语) There having been no water for two days, the travelers were all very thirsty. (Because there had been no water for two days.) 已经停水两天了,这些游客们都口渴得厉害。(独立主格结构作状语),What is the chance of there being an election this year? 今年举行选举的可能性有多大?(there be的动名词形式作of的宾语) I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job. 我希望他有很多机会能找到工作。(there be结构不定式形式作expect的复合宾语) It is natural there to be a generation gap between the parents and their children. 父母与孩子们之间存在代沟是很自然的事情。(there be的不定式结构作真正主语),二、方法技巧总结 方法一:固定句式思维法 由于强调结构的考查十分频繁,所以要养成看到以it开头的复合句,就要考虑强调句型的思维模式。把强调结构排除之后再考虑其他的连接词。而且为了使结构更加复杂,有时被强调部分还要加一个定语从句,一般情况下,第一个空要填定语从句的引导词,第二空才是强调结构的that。,典题示例 Could it be in the restaurant _ you had dinner with me yesterday _ you lost your handbag? 剖析:where; that 句意:你会不会把小提包丢在昨天我们一起吃饭的饭店里了?本题是以it开头的,所以先考虑强调结构。第一空是定语从句的引导词,where在从句中作地点状语,第二个空是强调结构的that。,方法二:公式套用法 在有关倒装结构的知识点中,我们可以把There comes the bus与Here you are作为公式,然后推广记忆出“表示地点、方位的副词或介词短语位于句首要全部倒装,而且代词作主语不倒装”这一知识点。并把它应用到做题中。,典题示例 In front of the farmhouse _(lie) a peasant boy. 剖析:lay/lies 句意:一个农民的孩子躺在这座农舍前。表示方位的介词短语位于句首应该用全部倒装。lie表示“躺,卧,位于”时,其过去式为lay,过去分词为lain;还有其他两种含义:lieliedlied(撒谎);laylaidlaid(搁,放,产卵,下蛋)。,方法三:还原法 在省略结构中,有些同学难以分辨哪一个是正确的选项,这时最好的办法就是补充到原来的句式结构。 典题示例 Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I cant remember _. 剖析:which 以wh引导的宾语从句有时省略到只保留一个引导词。此题题干中remember后面的宾语从句是which of the two he comes from,为避免重复只保留到which。,
展开阅读全文
相关资源
正为您匹配相似的精品文档
相关搜索

最新文档


当前位置:首页 > 图纸专区 > 课件教案


copyright@ 2023-2025  zhuangpeitu.com 装配图网版权所有   联系电话:18123376007

备案号:ICP2024067431-1 川公网安备51140202000466号


本站为文档C2C交易模式,即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载,本站只是中间服务平台,本站所有文档下载所得的收益归上传人(含作者)所有。装配图网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。若文档所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知装配图网,我们立即给予删除!