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第5讲 动词的时态和语态,1. (2013北京高考)Do you think Mom and Dad _ late? No, Swiss Air is usually on time. A. were B. will be C. would be D. have been 【解析】选B。考查时态。句意:你认为妈妈和爸爸会迟到吗?不会的,瑞士航空公司的飞机一向准时。通过句意可知是在询问将要发生的事情,故使用一般将来时。,2. (2013湖南高考)“What do you want to be? ” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I _ president, ” said the boy, with a smile. A. have been B. am C. was D. will be 【解析】选D。考查时态。句意:这个男孩笑着说“噢,我将会成为总统”。本题涉及直接引语中的时态用法。结合句意可知用一般将来时且在直接引语中时态保持不变。,3. (2013湖南高考)Around two oclock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat _ us. A. bothers B. had bothered C. would bother D. bothered 【解析】选A。考查时态。句意:在每天晚上2点左右的时候,苏会开始说梦话。这让我们有点烦。根据题干中的时间状语(around two oclock every night)可知,bother这一动作为经常性、习惯性的动作,故用一般现在时。,4. (2013江苏高考)What about your self-drive trip yesterday? Tiring! The road is being widened, and we _ a rough ride. A. had B. have C. would have D. have had,【解析】选A。考查时态。句意:你们昨天的自驾游怎么样啊?太累人了!那条道路正在被扩宽,我们一路上车开得颠簸不平。根据问句中的yesterday可知谈论的是过去的事情,答句中“我们一路上车开得颠簸不平”也表示过去的事情,因此用一般过去时had。此题中学生易受“The road is being widened”的误导而选用现在的时态。“道路被扩宽”不是短时间内结束的动作,昨天正在被扩建,今天仍然在被扩建,因此使用现在进行时的被动式。,5. (2013山东高考)I didnt think Id like the movie, but actually it _ pretty good. A. has been B. was C. had been D. would be 【解析】选B。考查时态。句意:我认为我不会喜欢这部电影,但实际上电影非常好。结合语境及didnt, 动作发生在过去,陈述一种客观事实,不强调对现在或过去的影响或结果,也不表将来,应用一般过去时。,6. (2013北京高考)Hurry up! Mark and Carol _ us. A. expect B. are expecting C. have expected D. will expect 【解析】选。考查时态。句意:快点! 马克和卡罗尔正等着我们呢。由hurry up可以判断是正在发生的事情,故用现在进行时。,7. (2013江西高考)I _ to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel. A. come B. came C. am coming D. was coming 【解析】选D。考查动词时态。句意:我那一天本来想晚些时候拜访你,但是又不得不打电话取消了。此处用趋向性动词come的“过去进行时”表示“过去将来时”。,8. (2013新课标全国卷)We _ very early so we packed the night before. A. leave B. had left C. were leaving D. have left 【解析】选C。考查时态。句意:因为我们要早早地离开,所以我们在前一天晚上就整理行装。根据句意可知,此处描述的是过去的事情。leave这一动作发生在packed这一动作之后,所以用过去将来时。过去进行时可以表示过去某个时间按计划将做某事,故选C。,9. (2013浙江高考)During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs _ sharply. A. was increasing B. has increased C. had increased D. will be increasing 【解析】选B。考查时态。句意:近30年来,参加健身活动的人数一直在急剧增加。during the last three decades近30年来,这是包括现在时间在内的时间段,是现在完成时的时间标志,故选B。,10. (2013辽宁高考)He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he _ it for a very long time. A. has had B. had had C. has D. had 【解析】选B。考查时态。句意:当他卖掉他的吉他的时候他不高兴,毕竟,他拥有它已经很长一段时间了。卖掉吉他和不高兴这两个动作都用了一般过去时,而拥有吉他一定是在这之前的动作,所以要用过去完成时。,11. (2013福建高考)The girl has a great interest in sport and _ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. A. took B. is taking C. takes D. has been taking 【解析】选D。考查时态。句意:这个女孩对运动有极大的兴趣,在过去的三年她一直每周上两次羽毛球课。上羽毛球课这一动作从过去开始一直反复持续到现在,并且还有可能继续下去,故用现在完成进行时。,12. (2013北京高考)Shakespeares play Hamlet _ into at least ten different films over the past years. A. had been made B. was made C. has been made D. would be made 【解析】选C。考查时态和语态。句意:莎士比亚的戏剧哈姆雷特在过去几年里被制作成了至少十部不同的电影。时间状语over the past years与现在完成时连用,且主语与make之间是被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动形式。,13. (2013北京高考)So what is the procedure? All the applicants _ before a final decision is made by the authority. A. interview B. are interviewing C. are interviewed D. are being interviewed 【解析】选C。考查时态和语态。句意:那么程序是什么呢?所有的申请人在官方做出最终决定之前都要被面试。由上下语境可知说话人在陈述一项规定,故用一般现在时,且主语与interview之间是被动关系,选C。,14. (2013湖南高考)If nothing _, the oceans will turn into fish deserts. A. does B. had been done C. will do D. is done 【解析】选D。考查时态。句意:要是什么都不做,海洋将变成鱼的沙漠。if引导条件状语从句,从句中用一般现在时代替将来时态,故选D。,15. (2013辽宁高考)We are confident that the environment _ by our further efforts to reduce pollution. A. had been improved B. will be improved C. is improved D. was improved 【解析】选B。考查时态和语态。句意:通过在减少污染方面的进一步努力,我们相信环境将会有所改善。根据句意此处应用一般将来时且为被动语态,故选B。,热点考向 1 一般时态 1. 主要考点: (1)高考对于一般时态的考查主要从现在、过去和将来的角度,从语境和表示时间的状语来考查对时态发生的时间的判断,有时候也通过从句来限定;,(2)注意一般过去时与现在完成时的区分。 两者都表示发生在过去的动作。但现在完成时表示过去动作与现在的关系,主要说明现在的情况;一般过去时强调动作发生在过去某一时间,不强调与现在的联系。例如: Theyve gone to Paris. 他们到巴黎去了(说明他们现在去巴黎了,不在这里)。 They went to Paris. 他们去过巴黎(只说明去过,不表明是否现在仍在那里)。,2. 突破技巧: (1)首先看句子有没有表示时间的状语,依据时间状语推断时态; (2)明确句子语境意义,通过语境透露的信息,把握动作发生的时间,以此推断时态; (3)把握复合句中时态、上下文句子时态的呼应。,【真题变式】用动词的适当形式完成句子 (2012重庆高考)Kevin, you look worried. Anything wrong? Well, I _ (take)a test and Im waiting for the result.,took,热点考向 2 进行时态 1. 考查内容:主要包括现在、过去和将来。 (1)一般现在时与现在进行时的区分 一般现在时主要用于习惯性或经常性的动作,常伴随使用频度副词usually, often, seldom等;现在进行时主要用于表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作或状态,常跟时间状语now, at present等连用。 He usually writes a lot of letters, but he isnt writing at present. 他经常写许多信,但他现在没在写。,表示客观事实或普遍真理时,要用一般现在时,不能用现在进行时。 The Earth goes around the Sun. 地球绕着太阳转。,(2)一般过去时与过去进行时的区分 一般过去时表示一个完成的动作,而过去进行时表示过去某一阶段正在进行的动作。 I was reading a novel last night. 昨晚我在看小说(可能没看完)。 I read a novel last night. 我昨晚看了一本小说(已经看完了)。 一般过去时用于表示一个单纯动作,过去进行时用于表示过去一段时间反复做的动作。 Did he ask questions? 他提问题了吗? He was asking questions the whole time. 他始终在提问题。,(3)一般将来时与将来进行时的区分 一般将来时表示对“现在时刻”来说,将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态;而将来进行时表示将来的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。 She is sixteen, who will be seventeen next year. 她十六岁,明年将十七岁。 What will you be doing at this time next Monday? 下周一的这时候你将会在做什么呢?,2. 突破技巧: (1)根据语境把握动作正在进行和发生; (2)从某个时间点推知正在发生的动作。,【真题变式】翻译下面句子 (2012福建高考)When did the computer crash? This morning, while I was sorting the reading materials downloaded from some websites. _ _,电脑什么时候死机的?今天早上,在我整理从某,些网站下载的阅读材料时(发生的)。,热点考向 3 完成时态 1. 主要考点:一般从现在、过去两种情况的完成时进行命题。 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别: 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成的动作,在句中一般有另一过去时间或动作与它相比较,它是一个相对的时态,表示的是过去的过去,只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它;一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作。,She had learned some English before she came to our school. 她来我们学校以前学过一些英语(come to our school是过去发生的一个动作,learn English是come to our school以前的情况)。 We had had breakfast when she came. 她来时,我们已经吃过早饭了(come 是过去发生的一个动作,have breakfast是发生在come之前的事情)。,2. 突破技巧: (1)句子与典型的表示一段时间的状语连用; (2)通过前后句子表示的语境、造成的影响或动作的持续、动作发生的先后来判断; (3)把握特定句式中的完成时态。,【真题变式】用动词的适当形式完成句子 (2012湖南高考)I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? Sorry, I _(play) the piano for years.,havent played,热点考向 4 完成进行时态 1. 命题方式: (1)以对现在完成进行时的考查居多; (2)现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区分 现在完成时表示过去开始的一个动作到目前为止已经完成;现在完成进行时表示动作仍继续。 Ive read Tiny Times. 我已经看过小时代了(已经完成)。 I have been reading Tiny Times these days. 这些天我一直在看小时代(仍在继续)。,现在完成时强调过去动作的现在结果;现在完成进行时如表示刚结束的动作时则强调动作的持续性。 I have written him a letter. 我给他写了一封信(到现在为止已经写完了)。 I have been writing a letter since three oclock. 我从三点以来一直在写信(强调一直在写,不表明是否写完)。,现在完成进行时一般不适用于状态动词,要表示状态动词的“仍在继续”用法,只能用现在完成时。 I have known him since children. 我从小就认识他(不能用现在完成进行时)。,2. 突破技巧: 体会不同语境下表示的时态含义,根据具体语境判断。 【真题变式】用动词的适当形式填空 (2012全国卷)The manager _(tell) the workers how to improve the program since 9 a. m. .,has been telling,热点考向 5 被动语态 1. 命题角度: (1)主语不能发出动作,两者关系为逻辑上的动宾关系; (2)特殊的系表结构或用主动表示被动的动词。,2. 突破技巧: (1)分析主谓,弄清主语与谓语的关系,判断主语能不能发出谓语的动作; (2)掌握特殊动词用法:不能用被动语态的系动词类(look,seem,feel,taste,sound,smell,prove,appear等);表示主语特征的词(read,wash,write,sell,wear,lock等); (3)get的一些常见构成短语(get paid/lost/hurt等)。,(4)主动形式表示被动意义 在need,want,require, deserve, bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面,动名词主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这所房子需要修理。 在某些“主语(人/物)+be+形容词不定式”中不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。 The problem is difficult to work out. 这道题很难计算出。,be to rent/blame/let也属于主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake? 谁应为这个错误接受谴责? (5)主动语态与被动语态的区别: 主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。,【真题变式】(2012辽宁高考)Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I _(发工资) on Friday.,get paid,【命题小试】 请根据以下对话内容命制一道动词时态的题目 Someone has tidied the sitting room! Jim did it this morning; he couldnt bear the mess any more,【参考答案】Someone has tidied the sitting room! Jim _ it this morning; he couldnt bear the mess any more A. has done B. did C. had done D. would do 【解析】选B。this morning 是过去时间状语,结合上句has tidied可知发生了,故选B。,易错点 1 忽视语境或逻辑关系中体现的时态 (母题)The famous reporter, who is said to have gone back to America last year, _ in China for almost twenty years. A. lived B. was living C. has lived D. have been living 【解析】选A。句意:这位著名记者,据说去年就回到了美国,在中国生活了将近20年。此处由语境“who is said to have gone back to America last year”可知记者去年回国,现在不在中国居住,此处提到的在中国居住的情况是以前的事情,是与现在的比较,应该用一般过去时。,(变式)The famous reporter, who is said to go to America next year,_ in China for almost twenty years. A. lived B. was living C. has lived D. had lived 【解析】选C。句意:这位著名记者,据说明年就去美国,在中国生活了将近20年。此处由语境“who is said to go to America next year”可知记者明年去美国,现在在中国居住,表示的是从过去开始持续到现在的事情,故用现在完成时。,【误区点拨】 正确把握各类时态的用法,仔细辨析区别; 辨析句子中的时间状语,结合语境把握准时间段; 体会语境或句子意思所透露的时间信息。,易错点 2 误用其他相近结构 (母题)Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you wont have time to _ before the party. A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change 【解析】选A。句意:萨拉,快一点。在舞会开始前我担心你没有时间换衣服了。根据句意“换衣服”可知用A。get changed=get dressed。dress的宾语为人。,(变式)Sarah, hurry up, or youll be late for class. Dont stay up, and you should _ your lifestyle. A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change 【解析】选D。句意:萨拉,快一点。否则你会上课迟到,不要熬夜,你应该逐渐改变你的生活方式。根据生活常识改变生活方式是一个渐进过程,故用get to do sth. 。,【误区点拨】 掌握英语结构中的be done=get done形式,两者的微小区别在于be done常用于表示状态,get done常用于表示动作; 把握主语与谓语的关系,根据主语能不能发出谓语的动作来判断主动和被动形式。,1. (2013杭州模拟) My husband _ a model plane the whole Sunday morning. I thought he would help do some washing. A. has made B. made C. was making D. had made 【解析】选C。考查动词的时态。句意:我丈夫整个星期天上午都在做飞机模型。我原认为他会帮忙洗洗东西。时间状语the whole Sunday morning说明了此动作的持续性,thought又点明了是过去时间,故选过去进行时。,2. (2013烟台模拟)Hurry up! Flight 406 _ off at 18: 40. Atakes Btook Cwill be taken Dhas taken 【解析】选A。考查一般现在时。句意:赶快! 406飞机要在18: 40起飞。根据生活常识,飞机起飞为客观事实用一般现在时,故选项A合适。,3. Lucy, how are you getting on with your composition? I have rewritten it so many times that I wonder if I _ it Afinish Bfinished Chave finished Dwill finish 【解析】选D。考查一般将来时。句意:露西,你作文写得怎么样了?我重写了这么多次以至于我怀疑是否我会写完它。根据语境“还没有写完”可知用一般将来时。连词if引导的句子为宾语从句,可以用will表示将来时。,4. How long have you known John? Since he _ to our class. A. has come B. came C. had come D. comes 【解析】选B。考查一般过去时。句意:你认识约翰多长时间了?自从他来我们班我就认识他了。since“自从以来”,主句用现在完成时,since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时。,5. (2013玉溪模拟)Mr. White _ in Los Angeles for years, but recently he has already adapted to living in China. A. was living B. had lived C. has lived D. lived 【解析】选D。考查一般过去时。句意:怀特先生在洛杉矶居住多年,但是最近他已适应了在中国的生活。根据“现在已经住在中国”推知在洛杉矶居住为过去的情况,故用一般过去时,选项D合适。,6. (2013南昌模拟)What do you think of this novel? Er . . . sorry. I _. What did you say? A. didnt listen B. hadnt listened C. havent listened D. wasnt listening 【解析】选D。考查过去进行时。句意:你怎么评价这部小说?哦抱歉。我没有听。你说什么?根据语境“你说什么?”推知“当时没有听”为过去进行时,故选项D合适。,7. Ring me at six tomorrow morning, will you? Why that early? I _ then. A. have slept B. have been sleeping C. will sleep D. will be sleeping 【解析】选D。考查将来进行时。句意:明天早上六点给我打电话好吗?为什么那么早?那时我还在睡觉呢。根据“明天;那时还在”可知“睡觉”为将来正在进行的动作,故选项D合适。,8. (2013衢州模拟)When we first met on a train in 2000, we both felt immediately that we _ each other for years. A. know B. had known C. knew D. have known 【解析】选B。考查过去完成时。句意:2000年第一次在火车上见面时,我们两个都立刻感觉到彼此已经认识许多年了。根据“火车上相见”为过去,“认识许多年”发生在见面前为过去的过去,故用过去完成时,选项B合适。,9. (2013琼海模拟)Im sorry, but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20? Sorry. I _ myself clear. We want to return on October 20. A. hadnt made B. havent made C. dont make D. wouldnt make 【解析】选B。考查现在完成时态。句意:抱歉,我不是很明白你的意思。你说你们想9月20号回来吗?抱歉。我没有把我的意思表达清楚,我们想10月20号回来。根据语境这种“表达”已经发生并对现在造成影响,故用现在完成时,选项B合适。,10. Since Jack was laid off from his job three months ago, he _ a new one, but without luck. A. looked for B. had looked for C. is looking for D. has been looking for 【解析】选D。考查现在完成进行时。句意:自从杰克三个月前失业以来,他一直在找新工作,但是缺乏运气。根据语境推知“寻找工作”的动作已经发生并且持续到现在还在进行,故用现在完成进行时。,11. My money _. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before I have none in hand. A. has been run out of B. has been run out C. has run out D. is running out 【解析】选D。考查将来时和语态。句意:我的钱马上要花完了,我必须在手头上没有钱之前去银行取出些积蓄来。此处run out为不及物动词短语,用主动形式表示被动意义,用be+doing形式表将来。,12. In general, most tennis _ on hard courts or on clay A. plays B. is played C. has played D. has been played 【解析】选B。考查被动语态。句意:一般来说,多数的网球都是在硬地或黏土地球场玩的。网球与玩为动宾关系,语境为客观事实,故用一般现在时的被动语态。,
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