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走向高考 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版(课标卷地区) 高考总复习,Unit 2 Cloning,选修八,第一部分 基础知识聚焦,.单词速记 A识记单词 1_ (adj.) 简单的；直接的；坦率的 2_ (n.) 突破 3_ (adv.) 总共；完全地 4_ (vt.) 获得；赢得 5_ (vt.) 获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等) 6_ (vt. & vi.) 积累；聚积 7_ (vt.) 欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于,straightforward breakthrough altogether obtain attain accumulate owe,8_ (vt.) 打扰 (vi.) 操心 (n.) 烦扰 9_ (adj.) 虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的 10_ (vt.) 抵抗；对抗 11_ (n.) 缺点；不利条件 12_ (vt.) 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱,bother vain resist drawback adore,B联想串记 13_ (vi.)不同；相异 _ (adj.)不同的；与众不同的 _ (n.)差异；不同 14_ (vt.)着手；从事；承担 _ (过去式) _ (过去分词) 15_ (vt.)扔；投；掷 _/_(过去式/过去分词),differ different difference undertake undertook undertaken cast cast,cast,16_ (vi.)反对；不赞成 _ (n.)不赞成；反对；异议 17_ (vt.)禁止；不准 _/_(过去式) _(过去分词) 18_ (vi.)退休；离开 _ (n.)退休 19_ (vi. & vt. & n)打；撞击；罢工 _/_(过去式/过去分词),object objection forbid forbade,forbad,forbidden retire retirement strike struck,struck,.短语互译 1得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 _ 2反对 _ 3赞成；支持 _ 4一定或注定(做) _ 5不时；偶尔 _ 6使复生；使复活 _,pay off object to in favour of (be) bound to (do). from time to time bring back to life,7cast down _ 8strike.into ones heart _ 9in vain _ 10in good/poor condition _ 11owe.to. _ 12have a great impact on _,使沮丧；使失望 使刻骨铭心 白费力气；枉费心机 状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏) 把归功于 对有很大影响,.典句析练 1that引导的同位语从句 Then came the disturbing news _ _ (多莉病重) 【仿写】他在伦敦奥运会上获得金牌的消息很快传遍了家乡。 The news _ spread quickly in his hometown.,2whether引导的宾语从句 However, scientists still wonder _ (克隆技术会帮助我们还是伤害我们) and where it is leading us. 【仿写】从他脸上我们看不出他是高兴还是难过。 We cannot tell from his face _. 3疑问词插入语其他部分 _(你认为什么是) the writers point of view in this reading passage? 【仿写】你认为他为什么从足球队中退役？ _ he retired from the football team?,答案：1. that Dolly had become seriously ill；that he won a gold medal at the London Olympics 2whether cloning will help or harm us; whether he is happy or sad 3What do you think is；Why do you think,.课文缩写语法填空 Cloning is a way of making an _1_(exactly) copy of an animal or plant. It has two major uses. Firstly, it is _2_(value) for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. _3_，it is a difficult task to undertake. _4_ the one hand, the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone, Dolly. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very _5_(encourage). Then came the disturbing news that Dolly was seriously ill. _6_， Dolly lived six and a half years，which is the half length of an original sheep.,On the other hand, Dollys appearance raised a storm of _7_(object) and had a great impact _8_ the media and public imagination. It suddenly opened everybodys eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illness and even to produce human beings. However, scientists still wonder _9_ cloning will help or harm us and _10_ it is leading us. 答案：1.exact 2.valuable 3.However 4.On 5.encouraging 6Altogether 7.objections 8.on 9.whether 10.where,1.differ v不同；相异,They are sisters but they are _ _ (不同于) each other in their habits and they also _ _ (不同) each other in many ways. But that _ _ _ _(不受影响) 答案：different from differ from doesnt make any difference,2undertake (undertook，undertaken) vt.着手；从事；承担 教材原句It is a difficult task to undertake.(P11) 这是一项很难完成的任务。,She _ the responsibility for the changes. 她承担了这些变革的责任。 He _ _ he would finish the job by Friday.He _ _ _ the job by Friday. 他答应在星期五之前完成这项工作。 答案：undertook undertook that；undertook to finish,3object vi.反对；不赞成 n物体；目标 If nobody objects, well postpone the meeting till next week.(P12) 如果没有人反对，我们就把会议推迟到下周。,名师点拨 object表示“反对”时，为不及物动词，加宾语时需加介词to，而oppose表示“反对”时，为及物动词，可直接加宾语。 Robson strongly _ _ the terms of the contract. 罗布森强烈反对合同中的条款。 People _ _ _ loud noises in public places. 人们反对在公共场所大声喧哗。,We _ _ _ _ like this. 我们抗议这种待遇。 答案：objected to object to making object to being treated,4forbid vt.(forbade/forbad，forbidden)禁止；不准 教材原句Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning.(P12) 有些政府开始改革他们的法律制度，禁止进行克隆人的研究,The doctor has _ _ _. 大夫禁止我吃糖。 The law _ _ on farmland. 法律不允许在农田上搞建筑。 My father _ _ _ play computer games unless I finish all my homework. 除非我做完所有的作业，否则爸爸不准我玩电脑游戏。,Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you. 请注意：在图书馆吃食物和水果是被禁止的，但你可以喝饮料、吃糖果。 He forbade them from mentioning the subject again. 他不准他们再提这个话题。 答案：forbidden me sugar forbids building forbids me to,5owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于，应感谢 教材原句You owe the lady an apology.(P13) 你必须向这位女士道歉。,We still _ _ _ for those repairs. 我们还欠他一百美元的修理费。 I _ my progress of music _ my mother. 我把在音乐上所取得的进步归功于我妈妈。 Was it _ _ bad weather that they had to change the schedule of leaving? 是由于恶劣的天气，他们才不得不改变离开的时间的吗？ 答案：owe him $100 owe；to owing to,6bother vt.打扰 vi.操心 n烦扰,Dont _ _ _ _； I am doing quite well. 别为我操心，我一切都好。 He didnt even _ _ _ me know he was coming. 他甚至都没通知我他要来。 I dont want to _ _ _ my problems at the moment. 此刻我不想让她为我的事情操心。,I dont want to _ _ _ _ _. 我不想给你添乱。 答案：bother yourself about me bother to let bother her with put you to any bother,名师点拨 resist后不可用不定式作宾语，要用名词或动名词。 答案：resisted the temptation couldnt resist having,8strike (struck；struck) vt. & vi.打；撞击；罢工；袭击；报时；划(火柴) n罢工 观察句子，写出黑体部分的含义 The clock has just struck 10.( ) It struck me that no one was at home.( ) He struck the table a heavy blow angrily.( ) The girl struck a match and lit a candle.( ) She was struck by his kindness.( ) They have been on strike for several days.( ) A big earthquake struck the area last week.( ),I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books, or observations. 我依然喜欢记录书本或者观察中的给我印象深刻的观点和语录。,巧学助记 答案：报时 突然想起 打，击 划(火柴) 打动 罢工 袭击,1.pay off 取得成功，达到目的；偿清；(付清工资后)解雇 观察句子，写出黑体部分的含义。 Did your plan pay off？( ) Her debts were not fully paid off until last year.( ) When the building was completed, he paid off the workers.( ) His hard work in college paid off at last. He has become a famous scientist.( ),名师点拨 pay off表示“得到回报；取得成功”时为不及物动词短语，不用于被动语态。 These efforts paid off, and Sparrow soon became one of the most successful fastfood chains in the regions where it operated. 这些努力得到了回报，Sparrow很快成为当地最成功的连锁快餐之一。 答案：取得成功 还清 (付清工资后)解雇 得到回报,2(be) bound to (do).一定或注定(做)；有责任或义务(做) 教材原句Dollys death, like her birth, was bound to raise worries.(P14) 多莉之死正如它的出世一样，肯定会带来焦虑。 The marriage based on money _ _ _break up. 建立在金钱基础上的婚姻是肯定要破裂的。 答案：is bound to,3in good (bad) condition状况(情况)很好(坏),名师点拨 condition指自身条件时用单数，指周围环境时用复数。 The oranges, which are now _ _， may soon rot _ present _. 这些桔子现在很好，但在目前环境很快就会腐烂。 Travellers are advised not to fly because of _ _ _. 因为天气情况恶劣，旅行者们被劝告不要乘飞机。,The employees agreed to speak to us _ _ _ they wouldnt be named. 那几位雇员同意与我们谈谈，条件是不要说出他们的名字。 答案：in good condition；under；conditions poor weather conditions on condition that,4in vain白费力气；枉费心机 I hope our efforts wont be _ _. 我希望我们的努力不会白费。 I have tried very hard to find a solution to the problem, but _ _. 我已经非常努力地想找到这个问题的解决方法，但是白费力气。,答案：in vain in vain,that引导的同位语从句 教材原句The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.(P11) 她(多莉羊)似乎生长正常的事实很鼓舞人心。 _ surprises many people. 计算机能够识别人的声音，这一想法使许多人感到惊奇。 The government gave _ in three weeks. 政府下令三个星期内所有这些房子都要拆掉。,The question whether we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet. 我们是否该继续实验的问题还没有被解决。 I have no idea where the new library will be built. 我不知道新图书馆将要建在哪里。 名师点拨 切莫误认为能引导同位语从句的连词只有that，根据句子内容的要求还有when，where，whether等。,方法规律(1)that引导同位语从句，对被修饰词进行解释说明，that仅起连接的作用，无意义，但不能省略。 (2)常见的后接同位语从句的抽象名词有：fact，news，hope，idea，doubt，thought等。 (3)在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议、要求、命令”的词后，同位语从句的谓语动词通常为： shoulddo，should可以省略。 答案：The idea that computers can recognize human voice the order that all these houses (should) be pulled down,同位语从句 1_ was known to them that the boss had broken his promise _ he would give them a rise. 答案：It；that 考查固定句型及名词性从句。句意为：他们知道，老板违背了给他们涨工资的承诺。 第一空为It be known to sb. that结构，意为“某人知道”，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的that从句；第二空用that来引导同位语从句，来解释说明promise的具体内容。,2Jane gets on well with her classmates. Yes, I have no idea _ she gets on well with her classmates. 答案：how 考查同位语从句。句意为：“Jane和她的同学们关系融洽。”“是的，我不知道她是如何和同学相处的。”根据句意可知，应用how来引导同位语从句，解释说明idea的具体内容。,3Are you in favour of Tom s suggestion _ we work around the clock to meet the deadline? No. But _ Jimmy suggested to me sounds practical. 答案：that; what 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，第一空引导同位语从句，是对suggestion的解释，且从句中不缺成分，故用that来引导。第二空引导主语从句，并在从句中作动词的宾语，故用what引导。,4A project has recently been launched by the charity organization _ people should donate books to remote mountainous schools. 答案：that 考查同位语从句。句意为：那个慈善机构最近发起一项活动，即人们应该向偏远山区的学校捐书。根据句意可知，空后的内容是对A project的解释说明，且句子不缺少成分，故用that引导同位语从句。,5The problem will appear _ a different welfare system will be created. 答案：whether 考查同位语从句。句意为：是否创立一个不同的社会福利体系这个问题将会出现。这是一个分隔式的同位语从句，根据句意可知用whether来引导此同位语从句，表示“是否”。if不引导同位语从句。,1(2014江苏改编)Dad, I dont think Oliver the right sort of person for the job. I see.Ill go right away and pay him_. 答案：off 考查动词短语。句意： 爸爸，我认为奥利弗不是做这项工作的适当人选。我明白。我这就去结账让他走人。pay sb. off付清工资后解雇(某)人，符合题意。,2(2014重庆改编)Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? Yeah, but I have no idea _ he did it; thats one of his favorite universities. 答案：why 考查同位语从句。句意：麦克昨天拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取，是真的吗？是的，但是我不清楚他为什么这么做，耶鲁大学是他喜欢的大学之一。why引导的从句作idea的同位语，由句意可知表示原因。,3(2012安徽改编)The athletes years of hard training paid _ when she finally won the Olympic gold medal. 答案：off pay off意思指“得到好结果，取得成功”。句意：获得了奥运会金牌，这名运动员的多年艰苦训练取得了回报。,
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