资源描述
七年级英语语法总复习,一、 重点语法 1. 动词be（am,is,are）的用法： be动词包括“am”, “is”, “are”三种形式。 第一人称单数(I)配合am来用。句型解析析：I am+ 第二人称(You)配合are使用。句型解析：You are+ 第三人称单数(He or She or It)配合is使用。句型解析：She(He, It) is + 人称复数 (we /you/they)配合are使用。句型解析：We (You, They) are + 例句: We are in Class 5,Grade 7. They are my friends. You are good students.,动词be（am,is,are）的用法,用法口诀： 我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。 单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。 变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。 变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。 还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。,练习,一、用括号中适当的词填空。 1. I _(am, are, is) from Australia. 2. She _ (am, are, is) a student. 3. Jane and Tom _(am, is, are) my friends. 4. My parents _ (am, is, are) very busy every day. 5. _ (Are, Is, Do, Does) there a Chinese school in New York? 6. _ (Be, Are, Were, Was) they excited when he heard the news? 7. There _ (be) some glasses on it. 8. If he _ (be) free tomorrow, he will go with us.,二、用be 动词的适当形式填空 1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. 7. How _ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress _ this? 10. Whose socks _ they? 11. That _ my red skirt. 12. Who _ I? 13.The jeans _ on the desk. 14.Here _ a book for you. 15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 16. The two cups of milk _ for me. 19. Some tea _ in the glass. 20. Toms shirt _ over there.,一、人称代词 表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词，叫做人称代词。 人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：,人称代词和物主代词,人称代词主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。 Eg. I am a teacher. You are student. He is a student, too. We/You/They are students. 人称代词宾格：作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。 Eg. Give it to me. Dont look at him.,二、物主代词 表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。 物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种，其人称和数的变化见下表。,人称代词和物主代词,人称代词和物主代词,形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)后面要+名词 而名词性物主代词则相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,所以它后面不用加名词。 如： Is this your book? No，it isnt， its hers (her book). This pen is mine.,代词练习,一、选出括号中正确的词。 1. This is _（my / I）mother. 2. Nice to meet _（your / you）. 3. _（He / His）name is Mark. 4. Whats _（she / her）name? 5. Excuse _（me / my / I）. 6. Are _（your / you）Miss Li? 7. _（I/ My）am Ben. 8. _（She / Her）is my sister. 9. Fine , thank _（your / you）. 10. How old is _（he / his）?,二、用所给代词的正确形式填空。,1. These are _ ( he ) brothers. 2. That is _ ( she ) mother. 3. Lily is _ ( Lucy ) friend. 4. Tom, this is _ ( me ) sister, Mary. 5. Those children are _ ( I ) fathers students. 6. Do you know _ ( it ) name? 7. Thanks for helping _ ( I ). 8. _ (Ann安)mother is _ (we) teacher. 9.Those pens are not _ (you), they are _ (I). 10._ (we) teacher loves _ (we) very much.,三、单项选择。,1. My family _ a big family. My family _ all here. A. is, is B. are, are C. is, are D. are, is 2. This is _. A. a picture of family B. a picture of my family C. a familys pictures D. a family of my picture 3. Is she your aunt? Yes, _. A. shes B. her is C. she is D. he is 4. Are _ coats yours? Yes, they are . A. they B. these C. this D. there 5. Is that _ uncle? No, it isnt A. he B. she C. her D. hers 6. Mrs. Green is _ grandmother. A. Jim and Kate B. Jim and Kates C. Jims and Kates D. Jim and Kates 7. Kate and Mike do _ homework in the evening. A. ones B. his C. her D. their 8. Its a bird. _ name is Polly. AIts BIts CHis DIt,陈述句,陈述句的否定结构： 陈述句的否定式主要用两种结构来表达： （1）句子的谓语动词为be , have 或者有助动词、情态动词时，其否定结构为： 主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词 + not + 其他成分,例句： I am not a teacher. 我不是老师。 We have not (havent) any books . 我们没有任何书。 The children are not (arent) playing in the playground. 孩子们没在操场上玩。 He will not (wont) come. 他不会来。 We must not (mustnt) forget the past. 我们不能忘记过去。 It could not (couldnt) be lost. 它不可能丢的。,（2） 当句子的谓语动词是do (即行为动词)，而且没有助动词或情态动词时，其否定结构为： 主语+do (does,did) + not + 动词原形 + 其他成分 例句： You do not (dont) come here every day . 你没有每天都来这里。 He does not (doesnt) teach this class . 他不教这个班。 They do not (dont ) eat ice-cream. 他们不吃冰淇淋。,陈述句的否定结构,一般疑问句,一般疑问句通常需要用yes 或no 来回答，所以又叫做“是非疑问句”。在读这种句子时 要用升调。一般疑问句主要有以下几种类型：,1、“be + 主语 + 表语”结构 Are you sleepy ? 你困了吗？ Yes, I am . 是的，我困了。 2、“情态动词 + 主语+ 行为动词（或be）”结构 Can I use the telephone? 我能用这部电话吗？ Yes, you can. 是的，你可以。 3、“助动词（do, does, did）+ 主语 + 行为动词”结构 Do you like swimming ? 你喜欢游泳吗？ No, I dont . 不，我不喜欢。,肯定句改一般疑问句的方法,三步法： 1. 有be动词/情态动词： be动词/情态动词提到句首，其余照抄，(some改成any，my改成your）句末用问号。 2. 无be动词/情态动词： 在句首加Do/Does/Did，其余照抄，(some改成any，my改成your，I 改成you）句末用问号。 3. 加Does、did 的句子注意，句子动词要变成原形。,例如： 陈述句: They are in the park. He can play the guitar. 一般疑问句: Are they in the park? Can he play the guitar? 陈述句: I like the cats. He likes the dogs. 一般疑问句： Do you like the cats? Does he like the dogs?,特殊疑问句,特殊疑问句是用来提出特定问题的疑问句，要求听到问题的人针对特定情况来做具体的回答，不能像一般疑问句一样简单地用Yes 或No 来回答，特殊疑问句要用降调来读。,对人提问时who“谁” 对所属（谁的）提问用whose“谁的” 对哪一个提问用which“哪一个” 对时间提问用when“什么时候”或what time“几点” 对物体、事情提问用what“什么” 对地点提问用where“哪里” 对原因提问用why“为什么” 对方式提问用how“怎么样” 对数量提问用how many“多少”（用于可数名词复数） 或how much“多少”（用于不可数名词）,练习,把下列句子变成否定句： 1. I am listening to music. _ 2. Mike is a student. _ 3. Sarah can clean the classroom. _ 4. They are in the zoo. _ 5. There are some flowers in the garden._ 6. This is my sister. _ 7. We are cleaning the room._ 8. We need some money. _ 9. They like watching TV. _ 10. Tom and Jerry live in a new house. _ 11. We play basketball on Sundays. _ 12. Tom likes listening to music _,把下列句子变成一般疑问句,1. I am listening to music. _ 2. Mike is a student. _ 3. Sarah can clean the classroom._ 4. They are in the zoo. _ 5. There are some flowers in the garden._ 6. This is my sister. _ 7. We are cleaning the room._ 8. We need some money. _ 9. They like watching TV. _ 10. We play basketball on Sundays. _ 11. Tom likes listening to music _ 12. Tom and Jerry live in a new house. _,填上适当的疑问词,1、A: _ is the boy in blue? B:Hes Mike. 2、A: _ pen is it? B:Its mine. 3、A: _ is the diary? B:Its under the chair. 4、A: _ are the earphones? B:They are 25 yuan. 5、A: _ is the cup? B:Its blue. 6、A: _ is it today? B:Its Sunday. 7、A: _ was it yesterday? B: It was the 13th of October. 8、A: _ this red one? B:Its beautiful. 9、A:_ is your cousin? B: Hes 15 years old. 10、A:_ do you have dinner? B: At 6 oclock,名词单数变复数的规则,一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。 读音变化：结尾是清辅音读s，结尾是浊辅音或元音读z。 例：friendfriends; catcats; stylestyles; sportsports; apple apples 二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。 读音变化：统一读iz。 例：busbuses; foxfoxes; matchmatches; dishdishes 三、以元音字母+y结尾的名词直接加-s; 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改为i，再加-es。 读音变化：读z。 例： boyboys; daydays; monkeymonkeys; candycandies; ladyladies; storystories,名词单数变复数的规则,四、以o结尾的名词变复数是加s或es。读音变化：读z。 例：tomatotomatoes; potatopotatoes； 下面几类词只加s： 1.以“元音+o”或“oo”结尾的词 如: videos, radios, zoos, bamboos, kangaroos, 2.一些外来词，特别是音乐方面的词，如：pianos, 3.一些缩写词和专有名词，如：kilos, photos。 五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改为-ves，但有例外。 读音变化：尾音f改读vz。 例：knifeknives; lifelives; leafleaves; scarfscarves 反例：roofroofs 六、部分单词的复数形式不变。 读音变化：保持原音。 例： fishfish; sheepsheep; cattlecattle; deerdeer; ChineseChinese; JapaneseJapanese,一些特殊的复数形式,manmen; womanwomen; childchildren; personpeople; oxoxen; footfeet; mousemice; toothteeth; goosegeese; personpeople,不可数名词只有单数形式,没有复数形式, 例如 food, drink, bread, tea, water, milk, paper（纸张）等. 如果要表示它们的数量,则用另一个表示数量的名词再加 of 的形式. 例如：a cup of tea, two cups of tea; a piece of paper, ten pieces of paper; a box of milk, three boxes of milk.,写出下列名词的复数,leaf_ puppy_ box_ knife_ fly_ fox_ bus_ bench_ brush_ kiss_ church_ dish_ ruler_ peach_ glass_ pencil_ boy_ zoo_ man_ roof_ sheep_ horse_ lady_ key_ story_ watch_ bamboo_ city_ family_ day_ apple_ eraser_ speech_ thief_ mouse_ fish_ goose_ people _ ox_ Chinese _ deer _ foot_ child_ tooth_ guy_ hero_ dog_ boss_ monkey_ piano _ goat _ radio _,用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空,1. There are so many_(wolf)in the forest. 2. There are three _(chair) in the classroom. 3. These _(tomato) are red. 4. _(hero) are great. 5. My brother looks after two _(baby). 6. There are some _(deer) eating the grass. 7. My father likes to eat _(potato). 8. Chinese _(people)like to eat noodles. 9. I have a lot of _(toy) in my bedroom. 10. I help my mother wash _(dish) in the kitchen. 11. I have two _(pencil-box). 12. There are some _(bus)in the street. 13. Peter has eight _(foot). 14. Linda has three _(tooth). 15. There are some _(child) in the garden. 16. Michael likes the _(mouse). 17. My uncle and father are _(man). 18. Tom and King are _(boy).,选出正确形式,1. My two brothers are both _. A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen 2. I can see ten _ in the picture. A. sheep B. dog C. pig 3. The _ has three_. A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches 4. Can you see _on the plate? A. bread B. breads C. breades 5. Mr Black often drink some _. A. milk B. milks C.milkes 6. There are some _ on the floor. A. child B. water C. books 7. Lucy will show us some new _ of hers. A. photo B. photos C. photoes 8. I drank two _. A. bottles of orange B. bottle of orange C. bottles of oranges,一般现在时,一般现在时它表示的是经常发生或习惯性发生的动作，比如每天都要刷牙，要去学校。所以这些动作就要用一般现在时。 如：I brush my teeth every morning.(我每天都刷牙。) We go to school everyday.(我们每天都要去学校。) 表示不随时间的变化而变化的事实,真理,格言,警句等，也用一般现在时。 如：The earth goes around the sun. Tomorrow is Saturday.,一般现在时的句型结构,肯定句： 主语+ am/is/are+表语 主语+实义动词（+其它） 否定句： 主语+ am/is/are+not+表语 主语+dont(doesnt) +实义动词原形（+其它） 疑问句： Am/Is/Are+主语+表语 Do(Does)+主语+实义动词原形（+其它）,一般现在时的用法,1、如果碰到主语是they，I，we，you，两个或两个以上的人或物的词（复数），他们后面的动词一律原型。 如：Tom and Lily watch TV every evening. I go to school by car today. 2、如果碰到主语是第三人称单数的，如：she, he, it, 人名，单数的后面的动词要根据情况加上“s”或是“es”，情况有五种： （1）一般情况下都直接加上“s”。 如：work-works get-gets look-looks （2）以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es. 如：watch-watches wish-wishes fix-fixes do-does go-goes pass-passes （3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，要先变y为i再加-es. 如 ： try-tries study-studies fly-flies （4）以“元音字母+y”结尾的动词，直接加上“s”，如： playplays saysays （5）不规则变化： be- am/is /are have-has,给出下列动词的第三人称单数 1. talk_ forget_ play _ 2. say_ buy_ worry_ 3. fly_ study_ like_ 4. make_ take_ love_ 5. plan_ get_ sit_ 6.wish_ begin_ wash_ 7. watch_ finish_ teach_ 8. reach_ go_ do_,按要求做题: 1. He _(have) a notebook. 2. Maria and I_(have) a basketball. 3. Li Ping has a brother.(变为一般疑问句) 4. Does she have a CD?（做肯定回答） 5. He has a baseball .（变否定句） 6. I have a piano.(一般疑问句) 7. The boy doesnt have a TV.（肯定句）,现在进行时,现在进行时:表示正在进行的动作或状态。 用法： 肯定句式：主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它. 否定句式：主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它. 一般疑问句：Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它。 特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它 对一般疑问句作答，肯定回答：Yes,主语+be动词, 否定回答：No,主语+be not. 对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答，它不可以用Yes或No直接作答，要根据实际情况回答。例句： They are working these days. They arent working these days. Are they working these days? What are they doing these days? He is buying a bike. He isnt buying a bike. Is he buying a bike? What is he doing ?,动词现在分词的变化规则,1、一般情况下，直接在动词词尾加-ing jumpjumping gogoing playplaying 2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e，加-ing. taketaking leaveleaving writewriting havehaving 3、以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，要双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ing. cutcutting putputting stopstopping fitfitting beginbeginning forgetforgetting 4.以ie结尾的词，将ie变为y再加ing lielying tie tying die dying,自我检测,1、 Look! He _their mother do the housework. A. is helping B. are help C. is help D. is helpping 2 、_are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room. A .Who B .How C. What D. Where 3、Danny _. Dont call him. A. is writeing B .is writing C. writing D. writes 4、Its eight oclock. The students _ an English class. A. have B. having C. is having D. are having 5、 Listen! The baby _ in the next room. A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries 6、 We _(play)games now. 7、 _he _(clean) the classroom? 8、 Who_(sing) in the next room? 9、The teachers _ (run) now. 10、Look ! Tom and John _ (swim).,一般过去时,1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, in 1990, two years ago等。 2. 一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和ofen,always等表示频度的时间状语连用。 例如： I got up at 6:30 yesterday. He always went to work by bus last year.,一般过去时常见的时间状语,1、yesterday（昨天） the day before yesterday（前天） yesterday evening（昨晚） 2、last+时间(last week , last month, last year).如：last night（昨晚） 3、 “时间+ago”表示“前”比如“三天前”就是“three days ago” just now = a moment ago 4、this morning（今天早上） when I was + 年龄,（当我多少岁的时候） in +过去时间词，如in 1998,一般过去时的句子结构,1 Be 动词的一般过去时态： 没有行为动词的句子中有be动词， am 和 is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were. 肯定句：主语+was (were) +其他 否定句：主语+was (were) + not +其他 疑问句： 一般疑问句：Was (Were) +主语+其他+？ 肯定回答： Yes, 主语+was(were). 否定回答： No, 主语+was(were)+not . 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ Was (Were) +主语+其他+？ 例句：He was a teacher last year.（肯定句） He was not (wasnt) a teacher last year.（否定句） Was he a teacher last year?（一般疑问句） What was he last year?（特殊疑问句）,2. 行为动词的一般过去时态 肯定句要使用动词的过去式， 否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did. 肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句：主语+didnt+动词原形+其他 疑问句： 一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+其他+？ 肯定回答： Yes, 主语+did. 否定回答：No, 主语+didnt. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did +主语+动词原形+其他+？ 例句： I went home yesterday. I didnt go home yesterday. Did you go home yesterday? When did you go home yesterday?,一般过去时的句子结构,动词的过去式,一般过去时态由动词的过去式表示。动词由原形变为过去式，分为规则和不规则两种： 一、规则动词的变化规则： 1、一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加ed。 如：playplayed ， looklooked 2、以e结尾的动词只用在后面加d。 如：like- liked ， loveloved 3、以辅音字母+ y 结尾的动词，把 y 改 i ，再加ed。 如：studystudied ， carrycarried 4、以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ed。 如：stopstopped ， shopshopped,动词的过去式,二、不规则动词：不以ed 结尾的过去式，称为不规则动词。,常见不规则动词变化表： readread cutcut putput letlet hurthurt comecame swimswam givegave runran singsang drinkdrank sitsat beginbegan riderode writewrote getgot forgetforgot drivedrove buy bought bringbrought thinkthought teachtaught catchcaught fightfought sleepslept sweepswept keepkept sendsent drawdrew throwthrew knowknew growgrew speakspoke breakbroke telltold sellsold meetmet feedfed have has had dodid am/is-was are-were cancould saysaid paypaid flyflew maymight eatate makemade seesaw findfound hearheard go went feelfelt becomebecame loselost buildbuilt winwon leaveleft standstood taketook,趁热打铁,请写出下列动词的过去式： want_ arrive_ enjoy_ shop_ is_ am_ are_ see_ eat_ become_ buy_ try_ study_ say_ read_ write_ run_ sing_ drink_,一、用 “am , is , was”填空。 1. I _ a teacher now. I _ a student five years ago. 2. He _ a worker now. He _ a little boy ten years ago. 3. The newspaper _ on the table a moment ago. 4.The storybook _ on the bookcase now. But it _ on the chair a moment ago. 5. Where _ it a moment ago?,用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.Tom _ (visit) a farm last week. 2.The twins _ (water) the flowers in the garden yesterday morning. 3. I _ (watch) a film with my friend last Friday. 4. My father _ (be) in London last year. 5. What_ (do) you do three days ago? 6. _ (be) there any parks here in 1950? 7. What_(do) you do just now? I _(wash) my clothes.,翻译句子： 1. 你昨晚去哪了？ Where _ you _ last night? 2. 我们昨天没在学校。 We _ at school yesterday. 3. 我两小时前在家里。 I _ at home _. 4. 你上周六去了动物园吗？ _ you _ to the zoo last Saturday? 5. 我去年不喜欢学数学。 I _ like learning the maths last year.,1 My father _ ill yesterday A isnt B arent C wasnt D werent 2 _ your parents at home last week A. Is B. Was C. Are D. Were 3.The twins _ in Dalian last yearThey _ here now A. are; were B. were; are C. was; are D. were; was 4. _ your father at work the day _ yesterday(前天）? A. Was; before B. Is; before C. Was; after D. Is; after 5Who was on duty last Friday _ A. I am B. I was C. Yes, I was D. No, I wasnt 6. I cleaned my classroom _. A. with three hours B. three hours ago C. in three hours D. three hours before 7. I came _ my house two days ago . A. back on B. back to C. to back D. back 8 . _? He did some reading at home. A. What does your father do yesterday evening B. What does your brother do in the school C. What did your brother do last weekend D. Where did your brother go last Sunday,形容词的比较级,定义： 大多数的形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更”。 比较级的构成： 规则变化： 单音节和部分双音节的形容词一般在词尾加er . tall-taller small-smaller 以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加r . nice-nicer fine-finer large-larger 以辅音+y 结尾的词，变y为 i，再加er . early-earlier happy-happier busy-busier 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母，再加er. big-bigger thin-thinner hot-hotter 多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more. popular-more popular important-more important,不规则变化： 少数形容词的比较级变化是不规则的： good-better bad/ill-worse many/much-more little-less far-farther/further old-older/elder,比较级的用法: (一) 当两个人或事物（A和B）进行比较时常用句型 ： 1.表达“A和B一样”，用asas的结构。 公式: A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as+B A+行为动词+as+副词原级+as+B 例句：I am as tall as you. He runs as fast as I. 2.表达“A不如B”用not asas的结构。 公式: A+be动词+not+as+形容词原级+as+B A+助动词+not+行为动词+as+形容词原级+as+B 例句：I am not as tall as you. He doesnt run as fast as I.,3.表达“A大于B”用“比较级+than”的结构。 公式: A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B A+行为动词+副词比较级+than+B 例句： I am taller than you. He runs faster than I. 。 4“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。 例句：It is getting warmer and warmer He is running faster and faster She is becoming more and more beautiful,5“the more， the more”表示“越，就越”， 例句：The more，the better. The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.,(二)什么能修饰比较级 1比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语，意思是“更”，“得”。常见词有much, a little, even, a lot, a great deal等。 例句：He is much taller than I. 他比我要高得多。 I jump a little higher than he.我跳得比他高一点点。 2.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”，“小多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”等。 例句：I am two years older than he. This building is 20 meters higher than that one.,1.That boy looks as _ as a boxer(拳击手). A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. more strong 2.The Summer Palace(颐和园) is_ than Zhongshan park. A. biger B. more big C. the biggest D. bigger 3.Which do you like_, apples or oranges? A. good B. better C. best D. well 4.-Oh, the food is bad. -I think so . And the service(服务) is _. Athe worst B. worse C. badder D. the worse 5.-You are wearing the same coat a
展开阅读全文