资源描述
第24讲 代词和连词,代 词 【名题实战】 1I dont like _ _ watch.I like _.(2015，天津) Ame；your Bmy；your Cme；yours Dmy；yours 2We cant do it that waybut whether it will work is _ _ matter.(2015，安徽) Aother Banother Ceach Devery,D,B,3Our teacher was very happy because _ _ failed the examination.(2015，江西) Asomebody Bnobody Canybody Deverybody 4All of us find _ _ necessary to take exercise every day.(2015，克拉玛依) Athis Bthat Cthem Dit 5Hurry up，kids！The school bus is coming.We have _ _ time left.(2015，广州) Afew Ba few Clittle Da little,B,D,C,【考点梳理】 甘肃各地市英语中考中，代词也是考查的重点之一。考生要从以下几方面来进行复习： 1人称代词和物主代词的用法； 2it，one(s)，that，those等作替代词的用法； 3指示代词，疑问代词，反身代词的用法； 4不定代词的用法。尤其是all，both，either，neither，none，another，the other，some，others，the others等的用法。,高频考向一 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词 1人称代词有人称、数和格的变化；人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格用作主语，宾格用作宾语，这一考点成为了考查代词的主要形式之一，并且越来越受到各地的欢迎。具体变化见下表：,注：人称代词作并列主语时的排列顺序： 单数形式：you and I；you，he and I； 复数形式：we and you；we and they；we，you and they。 但承担责任时总是第一人称在前。 及物动词和介词之后的人称代词要用宾格，尤其要注意并列宾语。,2表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，有人称和数之分。具体见下表：,形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。如： My books are on the desk.Where is yours? 我的书在桌子上，你的书在哪里？,3反身代词是人称代词的强调形式，一般用在宾语和主语是同一个人的情况下，或用来强调某人亲自怎样。单数后加self，复数后加selves；不定代词one也有反身代词oneself。英语中用来表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自己”，“我们自己”，“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词，有人称和数的变化。反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。 具体变化见下表：,反身代词的常见搭配： enjoy oneself玩得高兴，过得愉快 hurt oneself伤着自己 teach oneself learn.by oneself自学 (all) by oneself (完全)独立地 help oneself to请自便，随便吃 look after oneself自理，照顾自己 leave one by oneself把单独留下 lose oneself in陶醉于，沉浸于,【例1】 Uncle Tom will come to visit _ next Saturday.(2015，济宁) Awe Bus Cour Dours 解析：动词visit后跟人称代词的宾格形式。 答案：_B_,【例2】 This is _ school bag._ is on the desk.(2014，贺州) Ayour；Mine Byours；Mine Cmy；You Dyour；My 解析：第一个空在句中作定语，修饰后面的名词school bag，故用形容词性的物主代词；第二个空在句中作主语，且后面不能接名词，故应用名词性物主代词。 答案：_A_ 【例3】 Nowadays I can choose online courses and study by _. AI Bme Cmy Dmyself 解析：此题考查反身代词的用法，根据句意得知“我自己自学”。 答案：_D_,高频考点二 不定代词 1普通不定代词的用法 some与any some和any均表示“一些”，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句中，any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。但在疑问句中，当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时应用some。 many与much many修饰可数名词复数，还可以与表示程度的副词so，too，as，how连用。much修饰不可数名词，也可以与表示程度的副词so，too，as，how连用。,either与neither either指两个人或物中的一个；neither指两个人或物中一个也不，常构成固定搭配either/neither of名词/代词的复数谓语动词(第三人称单数形式)；当either.or.和neither.nor.连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 both与all both表示“两者都”，常与and连用；all指“三者或三者以上都”，常与of连用。,each与every each和every都表示“每一个”。each强调个体，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；every强调整体情况；修饰名词时谓语动词也要用单数形式。另外，each可指两个或两个以上的人或物，而every只可指三个或三个以上的人或物。 (a) few与(a) little (a) few和(a) little具有名词或形容词的性质，在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等。(a) few与可数名词复数连用；(a) little与不可数名词连用。few和little表示否定，指“几乎没有”，在反意疑问句中尤其要注意；a few和a little指“有一些”，相当于some。,other，the other，others与another other作形容词，意为“别的，其他的”，常用在单数或复数名词的前面；the other表示已知两个人或事物中的另外一个，表示特指，常与one连用；others表示泛指，意为“其他的人或物”，常用于“some.，others.”结构中；the others表示特指，意为“其他的人或物”；another表示三者或三者以上的另外一个。,2复合不定代词的用法 在反意疑问句中，当陈述部分的主语是指人的复合不定代词，如everybody，nobody，anyone等时，疑问部分的主语通常用代词they；当陈述部分的主语是指物的复合不定代词，如everything，anything，something，nothing等时，疑问部分的主语通常用代词it。 当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词something，everything，everyone等时，形容词或else必须放在这些词的后面。 everyone的意思等同于everybody，只能指人；every one既可指人也可指物，还可以和of连用。,【例4】 Your tea smells great！(2013，苏州) Its from India.Would you like _？ Ait Bthis Csome Dlittle 解析：根据对话内容可知，是向对方提供喝的东西，并希望得到肯定回答。 答案：_C_,【例5】 Would you like some more noodles，Celia? Yes，just _，please. Aa few Bfew Ca little Dlittle 解析：few和a few 修饰可数名词，little和a little修饰不可数名词。根据noodles可判断修饰的是可数名词，根据句意“还要一点”，表示肯定意义。 答案：_A_,【例6】What would you like，tea or coffee? _，thanks.I just prefer a glass of water.(2015，福州) ABoth BNeither CEither 解析：根据句意得知“茶与咖啡都不要”，表示两者都不要。 答案：_B_ 【例7】 My hometown is becoming more and more beautiful with tree and flowers on _ sides of the road.(2015，泰安) Aall Bboth Cneither Deither 解析：根据句意在马路两边，sides表示复数。 答案：_B_,【例8】There is _ wrong with my back and it hurts seriously.(2015，长沙) Aanything Bsomething Cnothing 解析：anything一般用于否定句或疑问句，故排除A；根据It hurts seriouly.得知背部疼痛有疾病。 答案：_B_ 【例9】Is New Zealand a big country? No，New Zealand only has two islands.One is North Island，_ is South Island. Aother Bthe other Canother Dothers 解析：表示两者中的另外一个，常用one.，the other.结构。 答案：_B_,高频考点三 指示代词 指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。 this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指在时间或空间上较远的事物或人。 有时that和those指前面提到过的事物，this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。如： I had a cold.Thats why I didnt come. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替。如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai. this在电话用语中代表自己，that则代表对方。如：Hello！This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking?,【例9】 Hello，is that Betty speaking? Yes._.(2016，原创) AThis is Betty BIm Betty CYou are Betty DThats Betty 解析：电话用语中用this is.表达“我是”。 答案：_A_,高频考点四 疑问代词、关系代词 疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。如： Who is going to come here tomorrow？(作主语) What is that？(作表语) Whose umbrella is this？(作定语) Whom are you waiting for？(作宾语),疑问代词与关系代词的区别： 疑问代词通常位于句首，引出特殊疑问句。 关系代词用来引导宾语从句或定语从句。what不能用在定语从句中充当关系代词，但that可用在定语从句中作关系代词。宾语从句中的关系代词与疑问代词一致。 无论是疑问代词还是关系代词，which和what所指范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定范围内。如： Which books do you like best？你最喜欢哪几本书？ What books do you like best？你最喜欢什么样的书？,whom是who的宾格，在口语中作宾语时，也可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom。如： Who(m) did you meet on the street？你在街上遇到谁了？ For whom are you waiting？你在等谁？,【例11】_ father took part in the charity activity in the neighborhood yesterday? Peters.(2015，上海) AWhose BWhat CWhich DWho 解析：询问某人的。 答案：_A_,【例12】 _ did you work out the problem in such a short time？(2015，重庆) With Mr.Lis help. AWhen BWhere CHow DWhich 解析：根据句意得知询问怎样在这么短的时间内算出这道题，提问的是方式。 答案：_C_,一、单项选择。 1I always believe that _ _ is difficult if we try our best to do it.(2015，重庆B卷) Asomething Banything Ceverything Dnothing 2My mother used to make breakfast for _ _ every morning，but now I do it myself.(2015，重庆A/C卷) Amine Bmy CI Dme,D,D,3The dog _ _ played with you just now is _. Awhich；mine Bwhich；my Cwhat；mine Dwhat；my 4There are enough cups for each visitor to have _ _ Aone Bit Cthis Dthat 5Here are some _ _Do you like _？(2015，安顺) Aoranges；them Borange；it Coranges；they Doranges；their,A,A,A,二、根据句意及汉语提示填写单词。 6Lucy often learns French by _(自己) after school. 7Although _(两者都不) of her parents had gone to college，she was really good at studying. 8May I use your mobile phone？_ (我的) is at home. 9This shirt doesnt fit me well.Can you show me _(另一个) one? 10For _(什么) are you going to the School Uniform Exhibition，Amy? To learn about different styles of school uniform.,herself,neither,Mine,another,what,【名题实战】 1Excuse me，may I come in? Not yet.Please wait on your chair _ _ your name is called.(2015，呼和浩特) Aand Buntil Cafter Dsince 2Practice more，_ _ youll learn English better.(2015，济宁) Aor Bso Cand Dbut 3He hasnt got any hobbies，_ _ you call watching TV a hobby.(2015，苏州) Awhile Bunless Cas Dif,B,C,B,4There will be less pollution _ _ more people use public transportation.(2015，江西) Abut Bthough Cunless Dif 5She still failed in the exam，_ _ she tried her best.(2015，克拉玛依) Athough Bbecause Cif Dor,D,A,【考点梳理】 甘肃各地市英语中考对连词的考查内容主要是连词的基本用法和一些常见近义连词的辨析，大多数情况下是将连词放在并列句和复合句中。此类题目难度较低，同学们只需记住相应的连词并略加分析即可得出正确答案。,高频考点一 并列连词 1表示平行或承接关系的：and，both.and.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.，as well as等；表示转折关系的：but，yet，while，however等；表示选择关系的：or，either.or.，not.but.；表示因果关系的：for，so等。 2both.and.连接主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；neither.nor.，not only.but also.，either.or.连接主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”；as well as连接主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。so与because，but与although/though不能同时出现在一个句子中，二者只能选其一；and用于肯定句中，or用于否定句或选择疑问句中。,【例1】 Going to the movies is good，_ I really only like listening to music.(2015，安徽) Aand Bbut Cso Dor 解析：根据句意得知“看电影很好，但是我只喜欢听音乐。”表转折。 答案：_B_ 【例2】Youd better take care，_ you will hurt your eyes.(2015，重庆A/C卷) Aso Bbut Cor Dand 解析：由语境可知句意为“你最好小心，否则你会伤到自己的眼睛。” 答案：_C_,【例3】How do you like the two pairs of shorts? They didnt fit me well.They are _ too long _ too short.(2014，滨州) Anot only；but also Bboth；and Cneither；nor Deither；or 解析：由答句前半句推知后半句句意为“他们不是太长就是太短”。not only.but also不但而且；both.and.两者都；neither.nor.既不也不；either.or.不是就是。 答案：_D_,高频考点二 从属连词 从属连词是指用于连接各种从句的连词。 1引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)的从属连词有that，whether，if (是否)，as if；连接代词有who，whom，whose，which，what等；连接副词有when，where，how，why等。,2引导状语从句的从属连词 引导时间状语从句的连词有：when，while，as，until/till，as soon as，before，after等。 特别提示：while与as只能和延续性动词连用；若as soon as引导的时间状语从句中主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。 引导目的状语从句的连词有so，so that，in order that，in case等。 引导原因状语从句的连词有：because，as，for，since等。,引导结果状语从句的连词有：so.that，such.that等，so修饰形容词或副词。such修饰名词，当名词前面有many，much，few或little修饰时，应用so。 引导让步状语从句的连词有：although，though，however(no matter how)，even if/though等。 引导比较状语从句的连词有：as，than，as.as，not so/as.as等。 引导条件状语从句的连词有：if，unless，as/so long as等。 引导地点状语从句的连词有：where，wherever。,高频考点二 序数词 1序数词的构成 序数词多数是由“基数词th”构成。如：sixsixth，sevenseventh等。 以y结尾的整十的数词，先将y改为i，再加eth。如：fiftyfiftieth，seventyseventieth等。 21以上的非整十的数词，将末位数(即个位数)改为序数词，其他的位数仍用基数词。如： twentyonetwentyfirst，thirtytwothirtysecond，two hundred and ninetyeighttwo hundred and ninetyeighth等。,【例4】Some people wont realize the importance of their health _ they have lost it.(2015，自贡) Awhen Buntil Cafter 解析：由句意可知：很多人直到失去健康才知道它的重要性。 答案：_B_ 【例5】Learning to write is learning to think.You will know things more clearly _ you write them down.(2015，武威) Aor Bunless Cif Dwhether 解析：根据句意：如果你把它们写下来，你就会了解得更清楚。 答案：_C_,【例6】 May I go to the movies with you? Im afraid not _ you have a ticket.Because I have only one.(2014，益阳) Aif Bunless Cthough 解析：由答语后半句“我只有一张票”可推知前句应为“我恐怕你不能，除非你有一张票。”if“如果”；unless“除非”；though“尽管；虽然”。 答案：_B_,【例7】Her grandfather lives a simple life _ he has much money.(2014，孝感) Abecause Bso Cthough Dif 解析：由前半句“他的爷爷过着简朴的生活”和后半句“他有很多钱”可知，前后在语意上存在转折关系，故此处应用though引导的让步状语从句。 答案：_C_ 【例8】Miss Lin has taught us English _ we came to this school.(2015，重庆B卷) Afor Bsince Cbefore Dwhen 解析：根据句意：自从她来这所学校就一直教我们英语。 答案：_B_,一、单项选择。 1Julie didnt leave her office _ _ the police arrived.(2015，重庆A/C卷) Ahowever Bwhenever Cwhile Duntil 2Betty hasnt got any hobbies _ _ you call sleeping a hobby. Awhen Bbecause Cbefore Dunless 3Did you catch the first subway this morning? No，I didnt.It had started moving _ _ I could get on it.(2015，襄阳) Abefore Bsince Cafter Das soon as,D,D,A,4Mr.Smith has a habit of taking a shower _ _ he has breakfast.(2015，温州) Athough Bbefore Cbecause Dsince 5I think you should complain，_ _，of course，you are happy with the situation.(2015，无锡) Aunless Bhowever Cuntil Dthough 6We didnt enjoy the day _ _ the weather was so bad.(2015，杭州) Abecause Bthough Cunless Dtill 7_ _ my cousin is very young，_ she can help with the housework.(2015，福州) AOnce；不填 BThough；but CAlthough；不填,B,A,A,C,8_ _ the dinner was all over，everyone helped wash the dishes.(2015，天津) AHow BWhen CBefore DWhy 9Rose，you are so thin.You should eat more，_ _ youll make yourself ill.(2015，安顺) Aor Bif Cand Dbut 10Be careful，_ _youll make fewer mistakes in the exam.(2015，三亚) Aor Bbut Cand Dso,B,A,C,二、同义句转换，每空一词(含缩略形式)。 11If you are not quick，you will be late for school. Be quick，_ you will be late for school. 12If he studies hard，he will pass the exam. _ he studies hard，he will not pass the exam. 13Mr. Wang does well in English.He does well in French，too. Mr.Wang does well in _ English _ French. 14It was such a hot day that we went swimming. It was _ that we went swimming. 15I went to bed after I finished washing the clothes. I _ go to bed _ I finished washing the clothes.,or,Unless,both,and,so hot,didnt,before/until,
展开阅读全文