资源描述
三、形容词和副词,考点1 形容词和副词的词形变化 1. 形容词后缀 (1)-able: v. +able: reliable, eatable, enjoyable, movable等。 n. +able: valuable, reasonable, knowledgeable等。 (2)-ible: terrible, horrible, invisible, possible等。,(3)-al: international, mental, medical, natural, general等。 (4)-ant或-ent: instant, distant, constant, important, patient, different, absent等。 (5)-ed或-ing: interested, interesting, pleased, pleasing等。 (6)-en: wooden, golden, spoken, written, mistaken等。,(7)-ern: eastern, southern, western, northern等。 (8)-ful: n. +ful: colorful, beautiful, helpful, powerful等。 v. +ful: forgetful, careful等。 (9)-less: fearless, harmless, useless, helpless等。 (10)-ly: friendly, lovely, daily, weekly等。,(11)n. /v. +(i)ous: curious, dangerous, various, anxious等。 (12)-some: handsome, troublesome, tiresome等。 (13)n. +-y: funny, lucky, snowy, rainy, dusty等。,2. 形容词前缀 (1)un-: unhappy, unfair, unimportant, uncomfortable, unnecessary等。 (2)im-: impossible, impolite, impatient等。 (3)in-: inactive, inconvenient, incorrect等。 (4)dis-: disabled, dishonest等。,(5)ir-: irregular, irresponsible等。 (6)il-: illegal等。,3. 副词后缀 一般都是adj. +-ly构成, 如simplesimply等。 【点津】注意以-e结尾的形容词变副词时有的去掉e, 有的不去e, 直接加-ly。例如: definitedefinitely, truetruly。,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空 (2016全国卷)The title will be_(official)given to me at a ceremony in London.,解题关键: 此处表示(大使)这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予给我, 根据句子结构可知, 应该使用副词作状语修饰动词given。 答案判定: officially,【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空/单句改错 1. (2016全国卷)Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which _(gradual) turned into chopsticks. 2. (2016四川高考)Chinese scientists _(recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.,gradually,recently,3. (2016浙江高考)A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, _(especial) if you are travelling at high speed. 4. (2015全国卷)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat _ (slow) during cool nights.,especially,slowly,5. (2015全国卷)As _(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 6. (2014全国卷)The river was so polluted that it _(actual) caught fire and burned.,natural,actually,7. (2014辽宁高考)Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and _ (soft).,softly,8. (2014全国卷)Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers _(sudden) became friendly to one another. 9. (2016全国卷)Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady. (改错) _,suddenly,steady改为steadily,10. (2016全国卷)At one time, I ever felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. (改错) _ 11. (2015全国卷)How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried. (改错) _,freely改为free,terrible改为terribly,12. (2014辽宁高考)That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are. (改错) _,closely改为close,考点2 形容词和副词的基本用法 1. 在高考语法填空和短文改错中会涉及一些常见的、与派生词变化无关的基本形容词和副词的用法, 如before, ago, many, much, ever, never等。,2. 有些副词, 如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally等, 作评注性状语, 往往修饰整个句子, 而且它们常位于句首, 且有逗号与后面句子分开。把握这样的结构和用法特点, 有助于快速填空。,3. 连接副词的用法,【点津】注意however是常考词, 而且尤其要注意, 所填空位于句首时, 勿忘大写第一个字母! 短文改错中可能会涉及对这些副词逻辑语意的考查。 *Many of us were raised with the saying “Waste not, want not. ”None of us, however, can completely avoid waste in our lives.,【典例剖析】单句改错 (2015全国卷)Much rare animals are dying out.,解题关键: 可数名词复数animals前应该用many修饰。注意: 首字母应该大写。 答案判定: 句中的MuchMany,【高考题组】单句改错 1. (2014全国卷)Nearly five years before, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden. _,before改为ago,2. (2014全国卷)There are so much tomatoes that we often share them with our neighbors. _ 3. (2015陕西高考)I thought the biscuits were really well. _,much改为many,well改为good,4. (2013全国卷)I remember my grandfather very much. _ 5. (2013全国卷)However, he was the gentlest man I have never known. _,much改为well/clearly,never改为ever,考点3 比较级、最高级的用法 有关比较级和最高级的考查主要有以下几点: 1. 等级用法的固定句式 (1)as+形容词或副词原级+as. . . 像一样 (2)as+adj. +a(n)+n. 单数+as. . . 像一样 (3)not so/as+形容词或副词原级+as. . . 不如那样,(4)too/how+adj. +a/an+单数名词的固定句型 (5)as many+复数名词+as. . . 或者as much+不可数名词+as. . . 和一样多 (6)表示“两者中较的一个”, 用“the+比较级”的结构。,注意: as much+a/an+n. 单数+as. . . 既是又是 *It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science. 人们通常认为教学既是一门艺术也是一门科学。,2. 修饰比较级的副词及副词短语 a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many times, a lot, a great deal, any, still, even, no等。见到这些词时, 首先考虑所填空是否要用比较级或最高级形式。 注意: very, quite, fairly, too等通常修饰原级。,3. 否定词十比较级表示最高级 Your story is perfect; Ive never heard a better one before. 你的故事太完美了, 我之前从来没有听过比这更好的故事。 I cant agree more. 我非常同意。,【点津】(1)对于形容词和副词的比较级、最高级的考查具有比较直接化的特点, 常出现标志性的单词, 如as, than等, 也常通过设置语境, 让考生判断用原级、比较级还是最高级, 所以准确理解语境意义, 理顺上下文逻辑关系也是解题关键。,(2)在写作中要注意对“the+比较级. . . , the+比较级. . . ”这一句式结构的掌握, 在两个the+比较级的后面的两个分句都要用陈述语序。,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空 (2016全国卷)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of _ (great) and less importance.,解题关键: 空格处和less importance是并列关系, 应用比较级。 答案判定: greater,【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空/单句改错 1. (2015北京高考)I didnt realize how late it was when we were playing. Maybe we should play some _ (quiet) music at night. 2. (2015天津高考)It was also much more than we could afford, but far _(little) than the original asking price.,quieter,less,3. (2015天津高考)He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the _(good) advice Ive ever had. 4. (2014全国卷)Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _(clean) than ever.,best,cleaner,5. (2016全国卷)They were also the best and worse years in my life. (改错) _ 6. (2016四川高考)The dishes that I cooked were Moms favoritest. (改错) _,worse改为worst,favoritest改为favorite,7. (2015陕西高考)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world. (改错) _ 8. (2013浙江高考)To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie. (改错) _,better改为best,bad改为worse,考点4 倍数句型的用法 常见的倍数句型主要有: 1. A is+倍数十比较级+than+B。 2. A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B。 3. A is+倍数+the+名词(size, length, height等)+of+B。 4. the+名词(size, length, height等)+of A +is+倍数+that+of+B。,5. A is+倍数+what引导的名词性从句。 *Smoking is harmful to peoples health, killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents. 吸烟有害健康, 每年因抽烟而丧命的人是死于交通事故的7倍多。,【点津】 (1)从句型结构的差异词汇出发, 牢记各个句型间的细节差异。 (2)在实际应用中, 倍数词可以用分数或half, double等词替换。,【典例剖析】用适当的词填空 (2013安徽高考)Its said that the power plant is now twice _ large as what it was.,解题关键: 句意: 据说这个发电厂现在是以前的两倍大。倍数的表达法有多种, 此处为“倍数词+as+形容词/副词原级+as+其他”结构。注意题干中已经有了一个as。 答案判定: as,
展开阅读全文