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第33讲 宾语从句,中考对宾语从句考查的重点是引导词、时态和语序。,高频考向一 宾语从句的引导词 宾语从句是陈述句，引导词用that，在口语中that可以省略。如： We believe (that) he is honest.我们相信他是诚实的。,如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来，其引导词用if或whether。一般情况下，二者可以通用，但从句中有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时，只能用whether。如： I dont know if/whether she will come here.我不知道她是否将来这儿。 Sorry，I dont know whether he will come or not.对不起，我不知道他是否会来。,宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，引导词就是特殊疑问词。如： Could you tell me where the post office is？你能告诉我邮局在哪里吗？ The teacher asked the students what they were doing.老师问学生他们正在做什么。,【例1】Look at the stone bridge！Do you know _ it was built? In the 1860s.It is quite old.(2016，安徽) Awhen Bhow Cwhere Dwhy 答案：_ 解析：由答语中In the 1860s.可知问句询问的应该是时间。句意：“看这座石桥！你知道它是什么时候建成的吗？”“19世纪60年代。它相当古老了。”,A,【例2】 Do you know _ Deng Chao is? He is an actor.He is the team leader in the popular reality TV show Running Man.(原创题) Awhich Bwhen Cwhat Dhow 答案：_ 解析：which“哪一个，哪一些”，询问人或物；when“什么时候”，询问时间；what“什么”，询问事物或职业；how“怎样，怎么”，询问方式或感受等。由答语He is an actor.可知问句询问的是职业。,C,高频考向二 宾语从句的时态 宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态是由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定的，一般有下面几种情况： 主句的时态为一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，从句的谓语动词的时态要根据具体的情况用相应的任何时态。如： He says he will ask Mr. Hu to give Jim some work.他说他将让胡先生给吉姆一些工作。,主句的时态为过去时态时，从句的谓语动词的时态要用相应的过去的某一时态。如： She said she missed us very much.她说她非常想念我们。 从句表示的是客观真理、普遍真理、自然现象时，从句的时态一律使用一般现在时。如： He said that the sun is bigger than the earth.他说太阳比地球大。,【例3】 Could you tell me _ the Space Museum? Sure，next Monday. Awhen we visited Bwhen did we visit Cwhen we will visit Dwhen will we visit 答案：_ 解析：由答语next Monday(下周一)可知，宾语从句应用一般将来时态，故排除A、B两项；宾语从句应用陈述语序。,C,【例4】 Yesterday the teacher told us the earth _ the sun.(2016，烟台) Agoes around Bwent around Cis going around Dwould go around 答案：_ 解析：结合选项可知句意为“昨天老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转”。本句为含有宾语从句的主从复合句，当从句所表达的内容为客观真理时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。,A,高频考向三 宾语从句的语序 1在含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句要使用陈述语序，即“引导词主语谓语其他”。如： I want to know when the train left.我想知道火车是什么时候离开的。,【注意】有些特殊疑问句本身是陈述语序。如： Whats wrong with.? Which is the way to.? What happened to you.? Whats the matter/trouble.? Who studies the hardest in your class?,do you think后接宾语从句时，特殊疑问词即引导词要前置，do you think作为插入语。如： Who do you think he is talking with？你认为他正在和谁交谈？ 2由do，does，did构成的疑问句，在转换成宾语从句时，要去掉do，does，did，且从句中的谓语动词要根据主句时态作出相应的变化。如： “Does he sing well？”The music teacher asked him. The music teacher asked him if(whether)he sang well.这个音乐老师想知道他唱得是否很好。,3如果是will，be，have，can组成的疑问句，在变为宾语从句时，要把这些词还原到句中原来的谓语位置上，并根据主句的时态作相应的变化。如： “Will you be free tomorrow？”She asked me. She asked me if(whether) I would be free tomorrow.她问我明天是否是空闲的。,【例5】 I wonder _. It will fall on a Saturday.(2016，广东) Ahow will National Day fall on this year Bhow National Day will fall on this year Cwhat day will National Day fall on this year Dwhat day National Day will fall on this year 答案：_ 解析：宾语从句应用陈述语序；结合答语中的“Saturday”可知，空格处问的是“今年的国庆节是星期几”。,D,【例6】 Can you tell me _ this morning? Sorry，Ive no idea. Awhy didnt Daming come to school Bwhy Daming didnt come to school Cwhy doesnt Daming come to school Dwhy Daming doesnt come to school 答案：_ 解析：由this morning可知事情发生在过去，故排除C、D两项；宾语从句应用陈述语序。,B,高频考向四 宾语从句的否定前移 在宾语从句中，当主句的谓语动词为think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等时，如果主句是第一人称时，从句中表示否定意义的not应移到think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等前。如： I dont suppose he will come.我猜他不会来。 【注意】如果主句主语不是第一人称，则不用否定前移。如： She thinks she cant arrive there on time.她认为她不能按时到那儿。,【例7】 翻译：我认为明天不会下雨。 _ 高频考向五 宾语从句的转化 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语动词是hope，wish，decide等时，从句可转化为不定式结构。如： I hope that I can see you again. I hope to see you again.我希望能再次见到你。,I dont think (that) it will rain tomorrow.,当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语动词是know，remember，forget，learn等时，从句可转化为“疑问词不定式”结构。如： I dont know what I should say. I dont know what to say.我不知道该说什么。,当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell，show，teach等，且宾语从句的主语和主句的间接宾语一致时，从句可转化为“不定式结构”或“疑问词不定式”结构。如： Mr. Hu tells us that we shouldnt draw on the wall. Mr. Hu tells us not to draw on the wall.胡老师告诉我们不应该在墙上画画。 Will you please tell me where I can buy stamps? Will you please tell me where to buy stamps？你能告诉我在哪儿能买到邮票吗？,有些宾语从句可转化为复合宾语结构，其主句的谓语动词常为find，think，make等。如： I think it is necessary for us to learn to wait. I think it necessary for us to learn to wait. I find she is a good girl.I find her a good girl.,由what引导的宾语从句可转化为定语从句。如： We did what we could to help you. We did everything (that) we could to help you. Robert saw what Mr. Smith did. Robert saw everything (that) Mr. Smith did.,【例8】 将下列句子改为简单句。 The teacher told the boy he shouldnt spend too much time playing games. 答案：_ _ 解析：主句的谓语动词是tell，宾语从句的主语是主句的间接宾语，故从句可简化为不定式结构：tell sb. not to do sth.。,The teacher told the boy not to spend too much time playing games.,
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