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冠 词,中考语法,冠词概述,冠词用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或物。 分为不定冠词(a, an )和定冠词 (the) 。,考点分布,（1）不定冠词(a/an)的用法 （2）定冠词(the)的用法 （3）不用冠词(零冠词)的情况,考点梳理,考点一 不定冠词a/an的用法,1、a (an)用于可数名词的单数形式前，指人或事物的某一种类。如： A steel worker makes steel. 钢铁工人炼钢。(这里 a steel worker是指钢铁工人们) 注意：表示一类人有三种方式。 试比较：自行车比汽车慢。 The bike is slower than the car. = A bike is slower than a car. = Bikes are slower than cars. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如： A boy is waiting for you. 有个男孩子在等你。,考点梳理,3、a和an均用于单数可数名词之前，表示一类人或事物中的“任何”一个，相当于汉语中的“一”，但不用于强调数目的概念（也就是说数的概念没有one 强烈）。 如： We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow. I have a mouth , a nose, two eyes and two ears. 4、使用不定冠词表示单位。如： fifty miles an hour 每小时50公里 twice a week 每周两次 5、表示生什么病前应用a。 如： have a headache, have a cold等。,考点梳理,6、give, take, have与一些动词名词化的词连用，表示一次动作，名词前要加a。如： have a talk /bath/ look , make a living /promise) take a swim /walk, rest), give a talk / smile 7、抽象名词和物质名词的具体化时，该名词前要加a。如： It is a great joy to study at this college. This kind of wood can make into a good paper. He made a living by selling newspaper. 8、用于某些固定的词组中。如： a bit(of), a cup of, a few, a little, a lot of，a number of, a piece of, a pair of等。,考点梳理,【考点精练】,( ) 1. Why not take _ friend with you? Thats _ good idea. A. a； a B. the；the C. a； the D. the；a ( ) 2. Jacks father is _ doctor. A. a B. an C. some D. / ( ) 3. Take the medicine three times_ day. A. a B. the C. an D. / ( ) 4. Tom has _ high fever and his mother is looking after him. A. a B. the C. an D./ ( ) 5. Mary takes _ walk after supper every day. A. the B. a C./ D. one ( ) 6. The old woman had _ fire in her room. A. the B./ C. a D. this,A,B,C,A,A,A,考点梳理,考点二 不定冠词a/an的区别,在名词前使用a或an要取决于该名词的读音。如果首字母的读音是元音因素，应用an；如果首字母的读音是辅音音素，应用a。 注意：a, e, i, o, u五个元音字母处于词首时，未必都是元音音素，u发音是ju:或ju时前面用冠词a，u读时前面加冠词an。中考中常见前面用冠词an的有：,考点梳理,注意：26个字母中以开头为元音音素发音开头的辅音字母有：f ef, h eit, l el, mem, n en, r a:, s es, x eks,考点梳理,【考点精练】,( ) 7. I had _ unusual day on my last school trip. A. a B. an C. / D. the ( ) 8. Cathy was very happy to meet _ old friend on the plane to Paris. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 9.Daming, whats your dream? I want to be _ engineer some day. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 ( ) 10. Reading can make you become _ expert and change your life. A. a B. an C. 不填 D. the,B,B,B,B,考点梳理,【考点精练】,( ) 11. I have _ English dictionary and it helps me a lot. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 12. Lee Min-ho is _ actor from South Korea. He sang _ Chinese pop song on the 2014 CCTV New Years Gala. A. the；an B. /; the C. an；a D. a; /,B,C,考点梳理,考点三 定冠词的用法,1、指双方都知道的人或物。如： Where are the new books, Jim? They are on the small table. 2、文章中第一次出现的可数名词前用a/(an)，下次再出现此名词时用the。例如： Today he is making a machine. He wants to ride the machine like a bike and fly it like a plane. 3、名词后有表示范围、地点的介词短语限定时，此名词时用the。如； The boys here are interested in sports.,考点梳理,【考点精练】,( ) 13. Whats the matter with you? I cant remember where I parked _ car. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 14. There is _bridge over the river. _ bridge is made of stone. A. a, A B. a, The C. the, The D. the, A ( ) 15. Is _ red bag under the table yours, Jean? No. I only have _ yellow bag. Maybe its Julias. A. a: the B. the; a C. a; a D. the; the,C,B,B,考点梳理,【考点精练】,( ) 16. Who is _ young lady with curly blonde hair? A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 17. _ old workers under that tree are from Shanghai. A. The B. An C. This D. That,C,A,考点梳理,4、序数词前表示顺序时前面用the。如： Mary is the third to come in. 5、形容词最高级前及only修饰的名词前用the。如： Mary is the only girl who is often late for class. 6、定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的物体名词前。 如： The sun is bigger than the moon.,考点梳理,【考点精练】,( ) 18. _ first one sat down and the second stood up. A. The B.A C. One D. An ( ) 19. Winter is _ coldest season of the year. A. a B. the C./ D. so ( ) 20. _ moon moves around _ earth, and they both are smaller than _ sun. A. The, the, the B.A, an, a C. The, an, the D. The, the, a,A,B,A,考点梳理,7、表示东、南、西、北方的名词前用the。如： The sun rises in the east. 8、the用于姓氏的复数形式前时，表示一家人或一姓的夫妇二人。如： the Smiths 史密斯夫妇 9、the普通名词构成专有名词。如： the United States, the United Nations, the Peoples Republic of China,【考点精练】,( ) 21. We live in _ south of China. A. the B./ C. a D. some ( ) 22._ Browns are watching TV at home at the moment. A./ B. The C. Mr. D.A ( ) 23. He will go to see you off at _ Railway Station. A. a B. an C. the D./,A,B,C,考点梳理,10、play西洋乐器表示弹奏时，该乐器名词前加 the。 如： Alice likes to play the violin while Kate likes to play the flute. 但在表示数量时可用a。如： This is a new piano against the wall. 11、the形容词（形容词名词化）表示一类人或事物。 如： the poor, the rich, the sick , the beautiful 12、定冠词the用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛名称的前面。如： the North China Plain 华北平原 另外：请同学们牢记一些含the的习惯用语 on the right (left)， in the front of， in the middle of the meeting / the forest，at the foot of the hill in the afternoon (evening)in the daytime , at the beginningin the end go to the concert (theatre),考点梳理,【考点精练】,( ) 24.Can you play _ guitar? Sure. Its a piece of cake for me. A. a B. an C. the D. / ( ) 25._young should care for and help _ old. A. The, a B. The, the C. A, the D. An, an ( ) 26.The small town lies on _Yangtzi River. A. a B. an C./ D. the,C,B,D,考点梳理,考点四 不用冠词的情况,1、物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。 如： Wood can be made into chairs and tables. 2、表示节日、月份、一周中七日的名词前一般不加the。 如：Spring is coming. 但如果表示有某年限定的季节和月份时，季节和月份前要加the。如： He was born in the Summer of 1964. 3、学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加冠词。 如：learn Chinese /maths/physics/chemistry China is in Asia. in Germany /Japan； in Africa/Europe 4、在一些专有名词（地名、节假日）之前不加冠词。 如：Christmas Day , Childrens Day, Teachers Day, Wall Street,考点梳理,【考点精练】,( ) 27. Paper is made of _ bamboo. A .a B. the C. / D. that ( ) 28. _ January is the first month of the year. A. The B.A C. / D. That ( ) 29. We have no classes on _ Sundays. A. the B. these C. / D. those ( ) 30. He studies _ English in _ England. A. /, / B. an, the C. an, an D. /, the ( ) 31. They often take a walk in _ Hyde Park. A. the B. a C./ D. this,C,A,C,C,C,考点梳理,5、表示某一概念，而不是某具体工作的部门时，名词前不加冠词。 如： go to work /college/school/ hospital/ church 上班/上大学/上学/上医院/上教堂 be in hospital /school/ bed/ prison 住院/在学校/卧床/蹲监狱 6、表示三餐的名词前不加冠词。如：have breakfast/lunch/supper 如果前面有形容词修饰该词，表示“一顿的饭”，可加a。如： have a big supper /nice lunch,考点梳理,7、表示交通工具的手段时，用by名词表示，该名词前不用冠词。如： by bike /taxi/car/train/ plane/spaceship或 by sea /water/air/land 如果用介词in或on，名词前要加冠词或物主代词。如： in his car, on the bus/plane 8、动名词前一般不用冠词。 例如：Walking on the moon is difficult.,考点梳理,【考点精练】,( ) 32. The thief was thrown into _ prison. A. the B. a C. this D. / ( ) 33. _ running is good. A. The B. A C./ D. An ( ) 34. He doesnt have _ breakfast at home. A. a B. the C. this D. / ( ) 35. We go to work by _ bus. A. / B. a C. the D. one,D,D,A,C,考点梳理,9、play + 球类、棋类、游戏名称时，此类名词前不加冠词。如：play basketball, play chess 10、名词基数词表示顺序时，前面不加冠词the。 如: Page Three = the third page; Lesson One = the first lesson 11、名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或any和 no时，均不再用冠词。 如; his second son; that old man; Mr. Wangs car 12、表示时间或地点的一些“介词名词”的词组和一些固定词组中，均不加冠词。 如： at home, in town, at noon, at daybreak, in trouble, in danger, in fact等。 13、在称呼语或表示头衔名词前不用冠词。如： president of America,考点梳理,【考点精练】,( ) 36. These boys play _ football after class. A. a B. the C. that D. / ( ) 37. There is no _ book on the desk. A. the B. a C. an D. / ( ) 38. He often works late at _ night. A. / B. the C. a D. all ( ) 39. What does this word mean, _? A. my father B. Father C. father D. a father ( ) 40. The students of _ Grade One are having a meeting. A. these B. / C. a D. an,D,D,A,B,B,考点梳理,【注意事项 】,英语中有“定冠不定冠 意思差千万”的说法。也就是说有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词其意义截然不同。 试计较： 1. at table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁 2. in class 在上课 in the class 在班级中 3. go to school 去上学 go to the school 到那所学校去 4. go to bed 上床睡觉 go to the bed 到床那边去 5. in front of 在的前面 in the front of 在的前部,考点梳理,【备考策略】,中考常常结合名词、形容词等对冠词进行考查，会把不定冠词用法、定冠词用法和零冠词用法综合起来。因此，要牢固掌握： 1. 使用不定冠词a/an的情况，尤其是a/an的用法区别； 2. 使用定冠词the的情况； 3. 不用冠词的情况； 4. 在熟记冠词用法的基础上，答题过程中还要注意上下文的理解和联系。,
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