2019-2020年高考英语总复习真题研练Week12Tuesday含解析.doc

2019-2020年高考英语总复习真题研练Week12Tuesday含解析Task 1：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。(xx江苏，C)Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure.One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the bodyand the body from themuntil they can be released at just the right spot.There are lots of ways to trigger (引发) this release, including changing temperature, acidity, and so on.But triggers can e with their own risksburns, for example.Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining nearinfrared light (NIR, 近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isnt new.Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet (UV, 紫外线) or visible light.But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule.NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger.But few pounds (化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.Their polymer used a mercially available NIRabsorbing group called onitrobenzyl (ONB)When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown.But ONB is only a soso NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules thats even better. This one consists of a long chain of pounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer.Cresol contains reactive(易反应的) ponents that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage.After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive ponent with a lightabsorbing pound called Bhc.When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains.Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule.Whats more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.【语篇解读】文章主要讲怎样使用胶囊，使吃药更加安全、疗效更好。文章首先介绍了ONB的原理与优缺点，然后介绍Bhc的原理与优点。1According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?ATemperature change. BNIR light.CAcidity change. DUV light.答案B细节理解题。根据第一段的最后两句But triggers can e with their own risksburns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining nearinfrared light (NIR，近红外线) on the drug in the capsule可知。2Why is ONB unsatisfactory?AIt breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.BIt falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.CIt has not e onto the market up till now.DIt is not effective enough and could be poisonous.答案D细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句But ONB is only a soso NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer可知。3Which word can be used to plete the following process of changes?Aprotected BformedCexposed Dbined答案C细节理解题。根据最后一段 When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule.可知。Task 2：词汇积累1cause damage 造成损害2release vt.释放3break down 分解；发生故障4design vt.设计5colleague n同事6advantage n优势7poisonous adj.有毒的Task 3：攻克长难句1One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the bodyand the body from themuntil they can be released at just the right spot.分析：protecting them from the body是现在分词短语作状语，and the body from them是省略形式，补充完整应该为and protecting the body from them，省略了与前面重复的现在分词protecting。2Whats more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells. 分析：Whats more是独立成分，相当于Besides，意思是“此外”。 Almutairi says后面接的从句充当says的宾语。在宾语从句中，含有倍数表达句式。