2019-2020年高考英语大题精做05阅读理解七选五含解析新人教版.doc

2019-2020年高考英语大题精做05阅读理解七选五含解析新人教版一、考试大纲对阅读理解的主要要求1. 掌握所读文章的主旨和大意以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节；2. 既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念；3. 既理解字面意思，也理解根据字面意思可以推断出来的没有明确说出的深沉含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；4. 既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断；5. 既能根据文章所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生自己应有的常识去理解。二、考试大纲对阅读理解七选五的要求试卷中题干表述如下：根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。阅读理解七选五，即给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式深受阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了新课标“用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。”的阅读学习和教学理念。七选五和传统题型完型填空有些类似，虽然完型填空题考查的是词汇层面，七选五考查的是句子层面，但是它们的考查方式是一样的，只要考生选择的答案能够使行文连贯，符合英文的语法以及习惯表达就行，因此，这两类题型在做题方法上有共同之处。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。 从考试说明对该题型命题目的的表述“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”可以得出以下判断：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。三、阅读理解七选五题型的特点1. 符合英语课程标准中“提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力”的要求和xx年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试说明中“如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。”的要求。如果说通常意义上的高考英语完形填空题是词法和句法范围内的考查，它是语言表达的基本单位，属于语言的组织规律，那么阅读填空题就是章法范围内的考查，是语言使用的范畴，属于言语的组织规律，简单地说，前者侧重语言的结构语法，而后者侧重语言的使用章法。2.注重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。阅读本质就是一种理解、吸收、鉴赏、评价文章的思维过程，新题型不但要求考生具备词汇、句子、语段、语篇等方面的知识，而且要有辨证、综合、分析、归纳方面的逻辑思维能力，是阅读的深层理解，也是阅读的核心和关键。3.题材新颖，具有浓厚的时代气息和较高的真实性，与学生的学习经历和生活经历相适应，与新课程理念下的高考改革走向相适应，与高中英语教学实际相适应，遵循了英语课程标准的评价理念，保证了试题的效度、信度、真实性和公平性原则。附：近三年新课标全国卷高考七选五实况分析：年份卷别体裁题材话题xx全国卷夹叙夹议文社会生活作者爱上了露营，建议读者找到适合自己的回归自然的方式全国卷II说明文社会生活几点避免工作时被打扰的建议全国卷III说明文社会生活如何帮助人们制订一个计划去调节生物钟，确保起床不再是一件令人头疼的事xx全国卷I说明文文化科技密码的设置方法和破解的方法全国卷II说明文社会生活自己建设花园的具体建议全国卷III说明文社会生活买鱼和烧鱼的常识xx全国卷I说明文人际关系重新建立人际关系中的信任全国卷II说明文社会生活马拉松的准备工作Passage 1（xx新课标卷I）If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and unfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in mon with me. 36 The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 37 We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning.I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 38 Instead, we had a pop-up camper with fortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life. 39 We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer plete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains. 40 It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I remend that you find your way in style.A. Thistimetherewasnotent.B. Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.C. Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.D. Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.E. ImustsaythatIhavecertainlyetoenjoycamping. F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. 36.D 【解析】根据前文可知三年前作者认为露营和自己无关，而后文中表明作者热爱露营，暗示此处作者对待露营的情感态度应该出现转变。D选项中的however表示转折。且If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping暗示作者态度的转变就在三年前，D选项中的since then“自从那时候起”和前文时间吻合。故选D。37.C 【解析】根据后文We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom可知作者第一次露营的条件很艰苦，C选项The trip they took me on was a rough one.中的rough暗示了这一点，符合语境。故选C。38.A 【解析】根据上段中We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom可知作者第一次露营时住帐篷，露天生火做饭，走很远的距离去洗澡、上厕所，条件很艰苦，而后文中Instead, we had a pop-up camper with fortable beds and an air conditioner. 说明作者第二次露营有床有空调。A选项This time there was no tent“这次没有帐篷了”暗示作者进行了第二次露营，而且条件比较好，符合语境。故选A。39.F 【解析】根据后文we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer plete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.可知作者一家为了露营买了房车，里面设备齐全，说明作者一家人是喜欢露营的。F选项After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping(那次露营之后，我的家人开始对露营感兴趣)符合语境，故选F。Passage 2（xx新课标卷II）Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while youre trying to get work done. 36 ,there are several ways to handle things. Lets take a look at them now. 37 .Tell the person youre sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to e back during that time or that youll find them then. 38 .It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions.When you need to someone, dont do it in your own office. 39 , its much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you areIf you have a door to your office, make good use of it. 40 . If someone knocks and its not an important matter. Excuse yourself and let the person know youre busy so they can get the hint(暗示) than when the door is closed, youre not to be disturbed.A. If youre busy, dont feel bad about saying noB. When you want to avoid interruptions at work C. Set boundaries for yourself as your time goesD. If youre in the other persons office or in a public areaE. Its important that you let them know when youll be availableF. It might seem unkind to cut people shirt when they interrupt youG.Leave it open when youre available to talk and close it when youre not【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。为避免工作被打断是一件令人感觉很糟糕的事，文章提出了几点建议，防止此类事件的发生。37.A 【解析】根据后文“Tell the person youre sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the of you can talk at a different time”可知，学会在自己很忙的时候去拒绝别人。故选A。38.E 【解析】根据横线前“have set hours planned and let them know to e back during that time or that youll find them then”安排好时间，让他们知道你在什么时候回来，或者告诉他们，你会去找他们，再结合后文“It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions”可知选E。39.D 【解析】根据后文“its much easeier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are”，此句中it指代前文“dont do it in your own office.”，也就是说此段中作者认为比起在自己的办公室解释，不在自己的办公室更容易点。故选D。40.G 【解析】根据“If you have a door to your office,make good use of it.”可知，此段主要是讲述关于如何利用自己办公室的门来防止被打扰。故选G。Passage 3（xx新课标卷III）Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resting your body clock. 36 Heres how to make one. 37 In order to make a change, you need to decide why its important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make. Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags. 38 Thats a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer. Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If youre tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But pensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. 39 Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After youve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 40 If not, take another look at other methods you could try.A. Get a sleep specialist.B. Find the right motivation.C. A better plan for sleep can help.D. And consider setting a second alarm.E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何帮助人们制订一个计划去调节生物钟，确保起床不再是一件令人头疼的事。38. G 【解析】根据下句内容可知，作者建议人们买一个可以定时的咖啡机，这样可以节约15分钟的喝咖啡时间，能够多睡15分钟，文中的a quarter-hour 和选项中的15 minutes相呼应，是信息提示词。故选G。39. F 【解析】根据段落的中心句可知，本段是建议人们在周末也要坚持自己的作息时间，由此推断出Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day符合语境。故选F。40.E 【解析】后句建议人们如果这样做没作用就尝试新办法，由此推断出该空与If not对应，即如果有效果的话如何去做。故选E。Passage 4（xx北京卷）Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 71 One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear. Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 73 Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 74 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.If Tononis theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a nights, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses bee thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 75 “You keep what matters,” Tononi says.A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.B. Its as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.D. The processes take place to stop our brains being loaded with memories.E. Thats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.G. Tononis team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.【文章大意】本文讲述了睡眠的重要性。73.F 【解析】根据下文中的he，可知此处要提到一个人，以及他的理论故选F。74.G 【解析】根据下文中提到的关键词synapses in the mice可知，他肯定做了老鼠的实验，答案为G。75.B 【解析】根据后一句提到的You keep what matters,你记住重要的东西，可知大脑会把最重要的记忆保存下来，故选B。模拟精做Passage1(陕西省西安市xx高三下学期模拟)How to Make PlansMost people get scared when talking about planning or writing plans. 1 And you need to plan for success as planning really works and inspires you to go straight ahead. However, how to create effective plans is still a problem. Dont worry, and just follow the steps below. Step 1 2 What plans have you had in the past? Probably, in some of your plans, you havent ended up where you thought you were going to end up. Get a good understanding of what you have done and what you havent done in the past. It is a primary foundation for your new plan. If having no plan, just take actions and make plans right now. Step 2 Think about the What - Ifs When you are building your plans, you should consider where you are going and make clear the What -Ifs. Because not everything just goes smoothly as you believe. 3 Step 3 Document the plans When starting to make plans, you should try to write them down. It is of key importance for the future. 4 In addition, make sure you have the plans fully written out with all the key elements concerned, including details. Step 4 Update the plans According to your written plans and actual situation, you should check out the plans you have pleted and havent pleted. 5 Make sure all the assumptions are there and work out the details. After hanging on for some days, planning will be getting simpler and easier.A. Review historical plansB. Make new plans immediatelyC. Actually, people are more likely to succeed in a planned wayD. And you need to continue what you havent done and update itE. Not all people can memorize every word they said and thought wellF. And what you should do next is to check your plans monthly or quarterlyG. For your benefits, you need to make Plan A and Plan B in case of changes and contingencies(偶发事件).【语篇解读】本文就如何制定计划提出了一些建议。1.C 【解析】根据后一句And you need to plan for success（你需要制定计划来获得成功）可知，计划和成功之间的关系，而C项正好有这两个关键词，人们以有计划的方式行事就更有可能成功，故选C项。2.A 【解析】根据本段第一句What plans have you had in the past?问过去的计划，故本段的标题是关于过去的计划，A项有关键词：historical plans，故答案为A。3.G 【解析】根据空格前一句Because not everything just goes smoothly as you believe（并不是每件事都如你想的那样顺利），因此为了防止意外事件的发生，得多制定几个计划，正如G项中的Plan A and Plan B，G项意思与前一句衔接紧密，故选G。Passage2(xx河北衡水中学高三七调) Theme park getaways are popular with families, but they surely arent cheap. Happily, there are some golden rules of ticket-buying that apply to pretty much every theme park, and they can help you chip away at the cost of tickets. 1 Buy tickets online.Never ever pay the walk-up ticket price at a theme park. 2 .Youre guaranteed to save a significant sum-sometimes as much as $ 20 per ticket-even for same-day tickets.Buy in advance. 3 .For instance, Knotts Berry Farm in Buena Park, California, slices off $25 per ticket when you make your purchase at least three days ahead. 4 .This one is a universal no-brainer. Single-day ticket prices at Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio, are about 30 percent less than admission on Saturdays and Sundays. But the big bonus is that lines will be much shorter, allowing you to spend less time waiting in lines and more time having fun.Go in the afternoon. 5 .For example, Hershey parks sunset tickets allow entry after 4 pm or 5 pm, depending on the day. Youll still get between four to six hours of fun before the park closes, and youll pay up to 50 percent less than the full-day ticket price.A. Avoid weekends.B. Buy more tickets than you need.C. Here are some ways to lower your theme park spending.D. At larger parks, youll save money when you buy a package.E. Instead, visit the theme park website and print out your tickets before you go.F. Some parks offer deeply discounted tickets for visitors arriving later in the day.G. Most theme parks offer a price cut if you buy tickets at least a few days before you arrive.【语篇解读】本文主要是介绍了一些购买主题公园门票的建议。2.E 【解析】根据前一句Never ever pay the walk-up ticket price at a theme park.可知不要去现场买，因此后文是建议去网站买，符合题意，选E。3.G 【解析】根据此段标题Buy in advance.是提前买，故G项符合提前买票的意思，为正确答案。4.A 【解析】根据本段前两句This one is a universal no-brainer. Single-day ticket prices at Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio, are about 30 percent less than admission on Saturdays and Sundays.可知工作日很明显比周末更便宜，所以要避免周末去，选A。5.F 【解析】根据本段标题Go in the afternoon.可知下午去会更便宜，故F项符合此段大意。Passage3（xx河南豫南九校高三下期质量考评）You may have grown up living with sisters and brothers, or this may be your first time sharing your living space with someone else. 1 . However, it can also be a great part of your college experience. Follow these tips to make sure you and your roommate keep things pleasant and supportive throughout the year.Be clear from the beginning.Maybe you hate it when someone interrupts you when you are sleeping every morning. Maybe you need ten minutes to yourself before talking to anyone after you wake up. 2 .Its not fair to expect him or her to pick up on them right away, and municating what you need is one of the best ways to get rid of problems before they bee problems. 3 .This may seem simple, but its probably one of the biggest reasons why roommates experience conflicts. Dont you think hell mind if you borrow his shoes for a quick soccer game? For all you know, you just stepped over the line. Dont borrow, use, or take anything without getting permission first.Be open to change.You should expect to learn and grow and change during your time at school. 4 .As the term progresses, realize things will change for both of you. Be fortable setting things that unexpectedly e up, setting new rules, and being flexible to your changing environment.Follow the golden rule. 5 No matter what your relationship is at the end of the year, you can take fort knowing you acted like an adult and treated your roommate with respect.A. Respect your roommates thingsB. Let your roommate know about your preferencesC. Treat your roommate like youd like to be treatedD. Living with a roommate is really a wonderful thingE. Having a roommate surely has its challengesF. You should correct your bad habits firstG. And the same should happen to your roommate, if all goes well【语篇解读】本文主要讲述跟室友相处应该注意的几件事，因为大学时期拥有室友和与室友相处是大部分人都会经历的一件事，不管愿意还是不愿意，我们都应该抱有一个良好的态度去对待大学的寝室生活，与室友友好相处。2.B 【解析】根据下文Its not fair to expect him or her to pick up on them right away, and municating what you need is one of the best ways to get rid of problems before they bee problems.可以看出，马上就指责他们是不公平的，而沟通则是最好的消除问题的方式，因此应该首先告诉他们你的喜好。故选B。3.A 【解析】概括分析题。下面主要是讲室友之间的冲突大多是因为有没有尊重室友，比如你想要借室友的鞋去踢球，但首先你得先征求室友的同意，如果没有，那么就不要拿别人的东西。故选A。4.G 【解析】根据You should expect to learn and grow and change during your time at school.可以看出你会期待你在学校的期间能够学习、成长和改变，而后文 As the term progresses, realize things will change for both of you.当学期进行时，要意识到你们两个都会改变。所以可以得知不仅是你想改变，而且你的室友也想。故选G。Passage4（xx重庆市第八中学高三适应性考试）Weve all heard about the power of our attitude, and its our attitude that determines how much we succeed in life.All the things that you have been through, all the people you have met and interacted with can have an impact on your attitude. If you think that all these factors have molded you into a person with a poor attitude towards life, there is no need to worry. 1 .Identify and understand what you want to change.The first step towards change is clearly understanding what needs to be changed. 2 .When it es to changing your attitude, you need to do an honest and in-depth self-evaluation so you could point out exactly which of your traits need to be improved or totally changed. 3 .Find someone who has the kind of attitude that you want to have, and let his or her life give you inspiration and encouragement to move beyond your temporary failures in your journey towards being a better person.Choose the right pany.As they say, Bad pany corrupts good character. You dont expect yourself to be able to change if you go on surrounding yourself with people who possess all the negative traits that you want to change. Consider befriending new people, especially those who are optimistic and have a healthy attitude towards life. 4 .Believe that you are able to change. 5 .If you dont believe in yourself or believe that you or your life can change, it just wont happenyou will either never start, or give up quickly that you wont have even given yourself the opportunity to succeed.A. Look for a role model.B. There is always an opportunity for change.C. Setting clear goals is the key to success in any endeavor.D. Think about how your attitude change will affect your life.E. The greatest obstacle is our inability to trust in what we can do.F. Your effort to change will be easier with these people as friends.G. Fix your mind on the things that would e as a result of your attitude change.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要说明积极的生活态度对人们产生的积极影响，以及建议人们去结交一些生活态度积极的人，并且相信自己，尽最大的努力去