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2019-2020年高考英语语法精讲精练专题七简单句的基本句型本句型由“主语（S）+系动词（V）+表语（P）”构成。本句型的共同特点是：动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语的身份、特征、类属、状态等的表语。系动词除了be动词之外，还有: 1.表示感官的动词：feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound等; 2.表示状态延续的动词：remain, stay, keep, continue等; 3.表示转变、变化的动词：bee, get, turn, go, run, fall, e, grow等。例如：You are beautiful. Tom is a student. The potatoes went bad. The weather remains fine.Leaves turn yellow. 基本句型二：主谓结构本句型由“主语（S）+不及物动词（Vi）”构成。 本句型的共同特点是：句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫做不及物动词，动词后面还可以跟副词、介词短语和状语从句等。本句型常用来表示主语的动作。例如： Tom has arrived. The sun rises in the east. They travelled by air . She sat there alone. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake.基本句型三：主谓宾结构本句型由“主语（S）+及物动词（Vt）+宾语（O）”构成。本句型的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整，这类动词叫做及物动词。作宾语的可以是：名词、代词、动词不定式、疑问词+动词不定式、动词-ing形式和从句。例如：He teaches English.I love you. I like to stay at home on Sundays.I dont know how to learn English.She stopped teaching English two years ago. She said that she would study hard.基本句型四：双宾语结构本句型由“主语（S）+及物动词（Vt）+间接宾语（IO）+直接宾语（DO）”组成。本句型的共同特点是：谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思，这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。例如： He brings me cookies every day. She made me a big cake yesterday.通常情况是间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后；但若要把直接宾语放在前面而把间接宾语放在后面，则要借助于介词to或for。例如：He brings cookies to me every day. She made a big cake for me yesterday. 用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。 常跟双宾语的动词有：需借助于to的动词：bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write等； 需借助于for的动词：buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。 基本句型五：复合宾语结构本句型由“主语（S）+及物动词（Vt）+宾语（O）+宾语补足语（OC）”构成。本句型的共同特点是：谓语动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。可以用做宾语补足语的有：名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等。例如： They made Tom monitor.I heard him singing.He heard his name called. My mother asked me to clean my room. The teacher made all students finish their homework on time. 用it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的结构。即：“主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语”。it做形式宾语，通常和下列动词连用：consider, think, make, find, believe, feel, guess, imagine, judge, prove, see, suppose, take等。例如： I find it very interesting to play chess. I think it best to get along well with others.
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