2019-2020年高考英语大题精做02阅读理解推理判断题含解析新人教版.doc

2019-2020年高考英语大题精做02阅读理解推理判断题含解析新人教版【题型突破】一、常见提问方式1. The writer/author/passage implies/suggests(暗示) that _.2. It can be inferred(推断) from the story that _.3. We can learn from the passage that _.4. The passage is intended to _.5. The first paragraph of this passage is to _.6. From the passage, we can learn/conclude that _.7. The passage may from/be a(n) _.8. Which of the following might happen later?9. What will the passage talk about/What will the author/writer write in the next paragraph? 二、选项特点1. 正确选项的特点：（1）一般含义比较丰富，具有一定的综合性和概括性；（2）表述一般不会太绝对，会用一些意义相对宽泛的词，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等；（3）有时候与通过常识判断出的结论相反，要特别注意。2. 干扰项的特点：（1）只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出的结论；（2）与推断出来的正确结果相反；（3）根据常识判断是正确的，然而不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑的基础上推理得出的结论；（4）虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为依据，但推理过头、概括过度；（5）部分选项的内容纯属编造。推理判断题的设题形式有很多，不同的题型对应不同的技巧。如下表所示：推断内容考查点解题方法推断隐含含义考查考生透过词语的字面意思去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力1. 跳读，找到相关信息点（推理的依据）；2. 细读，理解相关信息点的字面意义；3. 结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，理解作者的言外之意。推断写作意图考查考生根据短文内容推断作者写该文章的目的的能力根据文体的特点和用途来推断作者的写作目的：1.记叙文，特别是个人的有趣经历或幽默故事类的文章娱乐读者；2. 夹叙夹议文让读者得到某种启示或教育；3. 广告和议论文说服读者接受某种产品、服务或接受某种观点；4. 科普说明文或新闻报道告知读者某些信息。推断下段内容、文章出处考查考生通过阅读材料，预测内容及推断材料的来源的能力1. 根据文章的内容或结构来推断；2. 根据各种文体的特征来判断其出处：如广告的用词和格式非常特殊，因此容易辨认；报纸的前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称；产品说明的特点也比较明显，一般会介绍其名称、作用、操作方式等。推断目标读者考查考生根据短文内容推断此篇文章主要是写给谁看的的能力根据文章内容，特别是从作者使用的词语和语气来判断。真题精做Passage 1（xx新课标卷I，B）体裁话题词数难度建议时间 说明文制作太阳能蒸馏器的方法3167分钟A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, its an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only ponents required, though, are a 55 sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container perhaps just a drinking cup to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catchers productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up and out the side of the hole. Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup. The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and wont have to break down the still every time you need a drink. 32. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A. Its delicate. B. Its expensive.C. Its plex. . D. Its portable.33. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. The tube. B. The still.C. The hole. D. The cup.34. Whats the last step of constructing a working solar still?A. Dig a hole of a certain size. B. Put the cup in place.C. Weight the sheets center down. D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.35. When a solar still works, drops of water e into the cup from .A. the plastic tube B. outside the holeC. the open air D. beneath the sheet33. B 【解析】词义猜测题。根据Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catchers productivity可知最好在潮湿的地方挖洞，以提高接水器的工作效率。“接水器”指的是在潮湿的地方挖洞，在洞的底部放一个杯子，杯子上方用膜覆盖，整个装置构成接水器，而不是某个部分。这一题很容易错选D，但是就算在干燥的地方挖洞，杯子也可以接水，杯子接水的事实并不会因为周围环境的变化而变化，杯子的工作效率是不变的。故选B。34. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock.可知最后一步是weighting the sheets center down with a rock(放一块石头在覆盖膜的中间，把它压下去)，故选C。35. D 【解析】推理判断题。结合第四段中的Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup可知地下水蒸发，在覆盖膜上聚集起来，直到形成小水滴落在杯子里，覆盖膜是在杯子上面的，水滴落入杯子里，所以水滴是聚在覆盖膜的下面。故选D。Passage 2（xx新课标卷II，B）体裁话题词数难度建议时间 记叙文一家具有75年历史的剧院2826分钟Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theaters 75-year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the buildings end.The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to pete. He added that the theaters location(位置) was also a reason. This used to be the center of town, he said. Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping plex on the land where the theater is located.The theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.24. In what way was yesterdays cleanup at the Plaza special?A. It made room for new equipment.B. It signaled the closedown of the theater.C. It was done with the help of the audience.D. It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.25. Why was The Last Picture Show put on?A. It was an all-time classic. B. It was about the history of the town.C. The audience requested it.D. The theater owner found it suitable.26. What will probably happen to the building?A. It will be repaired. B. It will be turned into a museum.C. It will be knocked down. D. It will be sold to the city government. 27. What can we infer about the audience?A. They are disappointed with Bradford. B. They are sad to part with the old theater. C. They are supportive of the city officials. D. They are eager to have a shopping center. 25. D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，剧院老板选择这部电影是因为这部电影本身讲述的就是小镇上唯一的电影院准备关门停业的故事，与Plaza Theater的现状一样。26. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段末句中的which plans to build a shopping plex on the land where the theater is located.可以推断出这个剧院将被拆除，取而代之的是一个现代的购物中心。27.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building可知，人们非常难过，不愿意看到老剧院被拆掉。Passage 3（xx新课标卷II，B）体裁话题词数难度建议时间 记叙文鼓励学生的创造性和想象力3006分钟Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said: Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes todayand 45minutes each day for the rest of the week. A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations. Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students. Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, But Im just not creative. Do you dream at night when youre asleep? Oh, sure. So tell me one of your most interesting dreams. The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. Thats pretty creative. Who does that for you? Nobody. I do it. Reallyat night, when youre asleep? Sure. Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay? 25.The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to _.A. know more about the students B. make the lessons more exciting C. raise the students interest in art D. teach the students about toy design26.What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?A. He liked to help his teacher. B. He preferred to study alone. C. He was active in class. D. He was imaginative.27.What does the underlined word downside in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden.28.Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?A. To help them to see their creativity. B. To find out about their sleeping habits. C. To help them to improve their memory. D. To find out about their ways of thinking.【文章大意】本文属于记叙文，作者通过让学生拼装玩具发现并鼓励学生的创造性和想象力。25.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知当我把拼装式玩具放在学生面前的时候，有些学生犹豫着在等着看别人如何行动，有一些学生查看了使用说明并根据模型做出了一些东西。而另外一些学生则根据自己的想象做出了一些东西。通过观察我对不同的学生的性格有了不同的理解。故A正确。27.B 【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线单词后一句 I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. 可知我冒着失去那些有不同思维方式的学生的危险。说明我的这种教育方法也有不足之处。故画线词意为 drawback缺点 。故B正确。28.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后七段中的对话内容可知作者鼓励孩子们说出最有趣的有创造性和想象力的梦，并鼓励他们在白天的课堂里把梦的内容做出来。作者这样做的目的就是为了让他们看到自己的创造性和想象力。故A正确。Passage 4（xx四川，C）体裁话题词数难度建议时间记叙文法国的圭亚那人3106分钟In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的) people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs. And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946. In theory, they should live by the French law is often ignored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of lawlessness in the world.The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman form Paris called Gin. Gin spent five months in early xx exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne. I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years, says Gin. Ive been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. I dont see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom. I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life, continues Gin. I prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly. His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for. These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.28Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?A. They seldom follow the French law.B. They often ignore the Guianese law.C. They are separated from the modern world.D. They are both Guianese and French citizens.29Gin introduced the special world of the indigenous Guianese as _.A. a tour guide B. a geographerC. a film director D. a photographer30What is Gins attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?A. Cautious. B. Doubtful.C. Uninterested. D. Appreciative.31What does the underlined word it in the last paragraph refer to?A. The modern French lifestyle. B. The self-supporting hunting.C. The uncivilized hunting. D. The French Republic.【语篇解读】本文通过一个摄影记者向人们展示了法国的圭亚那人，和现代法国的生活风格给他们带来的影响。29.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句 I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life, （我想展示给观众一个摄影记录，让他们触摸到不文明的生活。）和第五段第一句His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time.（他的黑白照片呈现了一个几乎失去的世界。）可知他是一个摄影师，故选D。30.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句 I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years, （我对法国圭亚那人有一个特殊的爱。我在那里工作了将近十年了。）可知他对圭亚那人是心存感激的，故选D。31A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据最后一段最后一句中the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic可知后面的定语从句中it指现代法国的生活风格。故选A。Passage 1（山西省临汾第一中学xx高三全真模拟）体裁话题词数难度建议时间 说明文外国人对中国文化的兴趣越来越浓 2976分钟If Confucius(孔子)were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. Hed need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day ,few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. Its nothing personal. Most Americans dont even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.But this doesnt mean that Americans dont care about Confucius. In many ways he has bee a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually include Chinese art, history and philosophy(哲学).Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks(缺点) of Western philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.So the old thinkers ideas are still alive and well.Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is.1.The opening paragraph is mainly intended to _A. provide some key facts about ConfuciusB. attract the readers interest in the subjectC. show great respect for the ancient thinkerD. prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations2.We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students_A. have a great interest in studying ChineseB. take an active part in Chinese petitionsC. try to get high scores in Chinese examsD. fight for a chance to learn Chinese3.What is the best title for the passage?A. Forgotten Wisdom in AmericaB. Huge Fans of the Chinese LanguageC. Old Thinker with a Big FutureD. Chinese Culture for Westerners4.The passage is likely to appear in_.A. a newspaper B. a history paperC. a biography D. a philosophy textbook【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了外国人对中国文化的兴趣越来越浓，对于孔子的思想也越来越感兴趣这一社会现象。2.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据“Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.”今天中国吸引了更多的西方人，这将需要更多的老师向西方介绍孔子和中国文化。说明中国对每个人有很强的吸引力，很多美国人对中国都很感兴趣。故选A。3.C 【解析】推理判断题。本文主要讲述的正是中国越来越引起世界的关注，同样，中国的文化也引起了世界人民的兴趣，很多人都开始了解中国的文化，这给孔子这位中国的思想家带来了新生。故选C。4.A 【解析】推理判断题。本文主要讲述了外国人对中国文化的兴趣越来越浓，对于孔子的思想也越来越感兴趣这一社会现象，那么很有可能是新闻报道的内容。故选A。【名师点睛】推理判断型推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。做好该题型要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。推理判断题常常可以分为如下几类：(1)细节推断。如时间、地点、人物关系等；(2)逻辑推断。根据已知的结果推断导致结果产生的可能原因；(3)目的、意图、态度推断。根据文章的论述，推断作者的写作目的以及作者的情感态度；(4)预测想象推断。文章没有明确说明，要求根据语篇对文章可能涉及的内容进行预测判断。例如：本题中的第4小题。Passage 2（湖南省长沙市一中xx高考模拟）体裁话题词数难度建议时间记叙文对一年轻人嗜手机如命担忧 3336分钟Wed arrived at Rockefeller Center station on the D train. As in many of New Yorks underground stations, trains pull in at both sides of the platform. Or rather, they seem to erupt into the station first on one side, then on the other.Abruptly, my wife stopped.“Uh, whats this?” she said.I looked over her shoulder. There at our feet lay a young woman of about 20. She was on her stomach with the top half of her body on the platform, while her legs hung over the tracks kicking powerlessly.She was stuck. She had also, clearly, been down on the tracks and discovered that climbing back up is really hard.But unlike in our imaginings, this woman was not in panic, expecting her approaching death by the F train which would be screaming into the station in the next few minutes, if not seconds.She was laughing! So was her friend who half-heartedly leant down to assist. The assistance was somewhat weakened by the fact that the friend was holding her smartphone. Was she hoping to capture this moment with a picture? Or posing a text?Its well known that peoples pulsive checking of their phones can be deadly. Among young people in America, texting is now the number one cause of car crashes. Maybe its also a leading cause of leaving friends to die when they fall in the river or on to the train tracks.I stepped forward, leant out as far as I could, got hold of her leg somewhere near the knee and, together with her finally-engaged friend, dragged the young woman on to the platform.And you can guess why shed been on the tracks. Still laughing, but maybe chastened (内疚）by my look of horror she said, “Thanks. Sorry. My phone fell down there. ”While I turned to hold my daughters hand and head upstairs, the young woman and her friend walked away. I wonder when shell be scared.1.What was the young woman doing on the edge of the platform?A. Trying to get down on to the train tracks to pick up her phone.B. Trying to get back on to the platform after jumping down.C. Desperately waiting for someone to help her get back her phone.D. Posing for her friend to capture a good picture with her smartphone.2.Which of the following did the author think was NOT a cause of the young womans dangerous situation?A. The station was too crowded.B. She did not realize the danger.C. She cared too much about her phone.D. Her pany didnt assist her whole-heartedly.3.What was the authors worry about people like this young woman?A. They would cause damage to the underground system.B. They knew too little about how to help others as well as themselves.C. It