2019-2020年高考英语总复习知识点精讲精析与高考试题预测 Unit 14 Freedom fighters 人教版大纲第二册.doc

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2019-2020年高考英语总复习知识点精讲精析与高考试题预测 Unit 14 Freedom fighters 人教版大纲第二册I单元知识点全览 工欲善其事 必先利其器高考须掌握的词汇:1free 2revolutionary 3separate 4marry 5politics 6race 7religiOIlS 8independent高考须掌握的短语:l n/into 2hands 3to 4 on 5with 6of 7at考点过关 过关斩将 考点详解 精剖细解 入巿三分一、重点词汇 l demand vtn要求需要 eg:They demanded that the right to vote be giyen to every adult man 他们要求给每个成年人选举权。 I demanded a clear answer 我要求一个明确的答案。 He demanded to be told everything 他要求告诉他一切。用法拓展:demand sth需要某物 demand sthof/from sb要求某人某物 demand to do sth要求做某事 demand that(should) do要求做 satisfy/meet ones dergands满足某人需要 indemand非常需要的,受欢迎的 特别提醒:(1)不能说demand sbto do sth (2)demand后接从句时,从句的谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式即should+动诃原形,可省略should。案例剖析 旁征博引 举一反三考题1-1( 典型例题1 分 ) They that the books be returned to the school library al once. A. demanded B. hoped C. wished D. permitted考题1-2 (典型例题 1 分 ) Our teacher demanded that all of us English every day. A. should practise to speak B. would practise speaking C. could practise speaking D. practise speaking 考题11点拨:答案为A。根据从句的谓语动词be returned用了虚拟语气,四个选项中只有A后面接宾语从句时用should+动词 原形,should可以省略。句意为:他们要求这些书应立即退还给校图书馆。 考题12点拨:答案为D。demand that从句的谓语动词用should十动词原形should可以省略; practise后接动名词。故选D; 句意为:“我们老师要求我们所有人每天练习说英语。” 2forbid vt禁止,不许eg: Smoking is forbidden in my school我们学校禁止吸烟 I forbid you to use my tape recorder我不许你用我的录音机。 They forbid walking in the field他们不许在地里走。相关链接:forbidden adj被禁止的;禁止的 forbidding adj难以接近的;可怕的;令人生畏的 forbiddingly adv难以接近地;令人毛骨悚然地用法拓展:forbid domg禁止干某事 forbjd sbto do sth禁止某人于某事parking forbiddenno parkm。g禁止停车 Forbidden City紫禁城 特别提醒:forbid后面不能接不定式作宾语,即forbid to do这一结构是错误的。考题2(典型例题Youd bet-ter not take your .camera. for photogra-phy is strictly in the cathedral. A forbidden - B. forbade C. permitted D. permit考题2点拨;答案为A。根据第一句“你最好剥带相机”,可知“在教堂拍照是被严格禁止的”,所以选A。3form vi形成构成 vt.养成,组成n状态。表现。形式,类型,表格eg: A plan began to form in his mind一个计划开始在他的脑海里形成。 Its important to form good habits养成良好的习惯很重要。 They forilled a class for beginners last year去年他们为初学者组成了一个班级。 lf she is in good formshe can win the match easily 如果状态良好的话她能轻松赢得这场比赛。相关链接:former adj从前的早先的the former前者(与the latter相对 formative adj构成的,形成的,有重大影响的用法拓展:form good habits养成好习惯form a character形成性格 in the form of以形式be in form状况良好 be out of form状态不佳nll in the form填写表格特别提醒:form用作名词指“健康和训练情况”时,不可数。考题3 (典型例题力竞赛(高二样题, 1分 ) Both horses have shown over the last season. A. a good knowledge B. a good form C. good shape D. good form考题3点拨:答案为D。本句题意为:两匹马在上一赛季都表现出良好的竞技状态。故选D。form指“健康和训练情况”时,是不可数名词。 4march vi行军行进eg: Thc soldiers marched forward战士们向前行进。 The troops marched past军队走了过去。相关链接:march n行军,游行,发展用法拓展:march on继续前进 march on science向科学进军 march against the enemy向敌人进军 march from victory to victory从胜利走向胜利 the Iong March(红军)长征on the march在行进中,在进行中,在示威游行a march of ten miles 10英里行程 特别提醒;on the march为固定搭配,表示“在行军,示威游行”,而on strike为“在罢工”。考题4 (典型例题)-Havent you heard the news?-What news? -Some workers are , while others are A. on the march; on the strike B. on the march; on strike C. on march; on strike D. on the striker on march考题4点拨:答案为B。on the mcrch 在行军,在示威游行”,on strike“在罢工”均为固定搭配。句意为:“一些立人在游行而另一些工人在罢工。” 二、重点短语 5putin/into prison将投入/打人监狱eg: LawJbreakers are put in/into prison 犯法的人都要坐牢。 He was put in prison for some reasons由于某些原因,他被关进监狱。相关链接:p risoner n囚犯,俘虏用法拓展:put/cast sbin/into p rjson将某人投人监牢 throw sbin/into prison将某人投入监牢take/send sbto p rison 把某人送进监牢go to prison入狱 be in p rison在狱中 be out of prison出狱 e out of prison出狱 escape ftom prison越狱break priSon越狱特别提醒:prison表示“被监禁,坐牢”时前面不用冠词,表示较为抽象的概念。表示“监狱”这个地方时用作可数名词,前面加冠词。考题5(典型例题)Johnson _ for 5 years for political reasons when hewas young. A. was put in prison B. was in the prison C. got out of prison D. was in prison考题5点拨:答案为D。根据for 5 years for political reasons“因政治原因坐了五年牢”,是一段时间,故用D表状态。而A、c两项不能与段时间连用,B项表示”在监狱里”不一定坐牢。句意为:。约翰逊在年轻时由于政治原因坐了五年牢。” 6set an exampIe to给树立榜样 eg: She set a good example to us all她给我们大家树立了好榜样。用法拓展:set/give sban exampIe=set/give an example to sb给某人树立榜样 。 follow/copy ones exampIe照某人的样子做 take sbas an examplP以某人为榜样, take sb/sthfor exampIe以某人/某事为例 for example例如 witnout exampIe没有先例考题6-1(典型例题,1 分)I will show you how to hit the hall and then you must my example. A. copy B. listen C. set D. make 考题6-2 Xu Honggang the young people the country. A. was set an example for; all over B. was set an example to; across C. set an example to; throughout D. set an example for; across考题61点拨;答案为A。copy ones example“照某人的样子做”。句意为:“我会给你示范怎样射门然后你必须照我的样子去做。”考题62点拨;答案为c。“给某人树立榜样”应为set an exampje to“全国”应为throughout the country或者alJ overthe coun-try。故选c。句意为:。徐洪刚给全国的年轻人树立了榜样。”三、重点交际用语7one of the reasons whyis that的理由之一是eg: One of the reasons why he left home was that he wanted to travel around the world他离家的原因之一是因为他想环球旅行。用法拓展:The reason why(for which)is that的理由是因为 Thais because那是因为 Thats why那是做的原因。特别提醒:The reason whyis that这一结构中,表语从句用that不用because表示原因。考题7 (典型例题 分) The reason he missed the train was he started out late. A. that; that B. why; because C. for which; because D. why; that考题7点拨:答案为D。此题考查The reason whyis that“的原因是因为”,that不能用because代替故选D。句意为:“他误了火车的原因是因为他出门晚了。” 四、重点句型8By doing this he set an exampIe to the rest of the world 通过这样傲,他为世界其他地区树立了榜样。 by doing中by为介词,可表示方式、方法、手段,通过。 eg: He earns his Iiving by teachins他以教书为生。 The six blind men made their living by begging那六个盲人靠乞讨为生。用法拓展:(1)by doing通过做by teaching(speakingbegging,usirig、)通过教书(演讲,乞讨,使用) (2)by+n(名词前无冠词)eg: by mail(faxradiotelephone)通过邮寄(传真,无线电,电话) (3)by+n(表示交通路线,工具的名词)eg: by land(train,bus,ship,bike)通过陆路(火车,汽车,轮船,自行车) (4)by+the+n(表示度量衡的名词) by the hour/day/week/month/year/yard/metre按小时/天/周/月/年/码/米eg:In Britain,sugar is sold by the pound,eggs by the dozen and cloth by the yard在英国,糖按磅卖,鸡蛋按打卖,布按码卖。特别提醒by后接交通或通讯方式时,名词前不用冠词,若接表示度量衡的名词时,名词前面须加冠词。考题 8-1 (典型例题1 分 ) People here usually live rice while myfather makes his living selling newspaper. A. by; b,y B. in; by C. on; by D. in; in考题8-2 (典型例题) In Britain, sales of ciga-rette, according to recent re-port, have been reduced 30% in the past ten years. A. for B. to C. from D. by考题81点拨:答案为c。此题考查live on “以 为生”和mcake one a living by doing“通过谋生”。句意为:“这里的人们通常以大米为主食而我父亲通过卖报纸来谋生。” 专考题82点拨:爷案为K 表示“增减的程度”用by+具体数字。句意为:“根据最新报道,过去10年里英国的香烟销售减少了百分之三十。” 五、词语辨析9join injoin-take part jnattend (1)join in sth指参加比赛或具体活动用于日常用语。 eg: Will you join in the game?你会参加这场比赛吗? (2)join sbin sth,/doing sth加入到某人的行动中一道从事某项活动。 eg:Our headmaster will join us in the discussion this afternoon 校长今天下午要参加我们的讨论。 (3)join sth指加入某组织或团体成为其中一员,如参军、入党、入团等。 eg:join the army/the Party/the League参军/入党/入团 (4)take part in sth指参加群众性活动、政治运动、斗争、事业、工作等。重在说明主语参加该项活动,并在活动中起积极作用。take an active part in sth表示积极参加(part前有修饰词时要用不定冠词。)eg: Iincoln took an active part in politics and was strongly against slavery林肯积极参加政治活动,强烈反对奴隶制度。 (5)attend sth指参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼上课上学或听报告等强调的是参加这一动作本身而不强调参加者在这一活动中起的作用。 eg:Ill attend an important meeting tomorrow 明天我要出席一个重要会议。 特别提醒:take part in是习惯用语,part前一般不用冠词但part前有形容词修饰时,要用不定冠词。 考题9(典型例题)用 attend, take part in,join 和 join in 的适当形式填空. (1) Is he going to the wedding, this Sunday? (2)This old man the Long March. (3) Lets the,children the game. (4)Would you like to me a walk? (5) My brother the army 30 years ago. (6)All of us the sports meet.考题9点拨(1)attend“参加婚礼”应用attend the wedding。句意为:。他这星期天会去参加婚礼吗?” (2)took part in“参加长征”应用take part in,表语主语参加该项活动,并在活动中起积极作用。句意为:“这老人参加过长征。” (3)join;in 此题考查join sbin sth句意为:“让我们加入孩子们的游戏吧。” (4)join;in join sbin a walk表示“和某人散步”。句意为:“你愿意和我散步吗?” (5)joined ”参军”应用join the army。句意为:“我哥哥30年前参的军。” (6)took part jn“参加运动会gl take part in the sports meet。句意为:“我们所有人都参加了运动会。” 语法归纳 精通规则 游刃有余 被动语态 已在第一册第七讲详细讲过在此不再重复。 IV专题探究 由点及面 由表及里 专题探究: 专题详解:主要考查的知识点:非谓语动词每年必考,通常考13小题,主要考查v-ing、不定式作宾语的区别;非谓语动词作宾补的区别;非谓语动词作状语的区别;非谓语动词作定语的区别;非谓语动词的时态、语态、否定式和复合结构等。重点复习:识别非谓语动词在句中的成分不定式、v-ing形式;过去分词各自所作的成分是不同的。识记哪些动词只能接不定式作宾语哪些动词只能接动名词作宾语哪些动词接不定式和动名词作宾语没有太大区别哪些动词接不定式和动名词作宾语区别很大哪些动词接带to的不定式作宾语补足语哪些动词接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。havegetmake等动词所接的宾语补足语的选用。非谓语动词作状语和状语从句的联系及区别。 解题思路:解此类题时,可用“三步曲”:首先要根据语法知识弄清句子结构,看选项作何成分,结合搭配和句式习惯确定是何种非谓语动词形式;第二步。根据非谓语动词所表示的动作与句子谓语的动作发生的先后确定用非谓语动词是何种时态;第三步,按照非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系确定语态,如果逻辑主语不是句子的主语,那就可判断要么是状语从句要么是独立主格结构。考题 (典型例题)Tom of fen at-tempts to escape, whenever he breaks traffic regulations. A. having been fined B. to be fined C. to have been fined D. being fined 考题点拨:答案为_D。escape后须接动词-ing形式。而句子主语为fine的承受者,故用被动式。attempt和fine之间并无先后关系因此不能用完成时态。故答案为D。 V考题类型一网打尽 蓦然回首 灯火阑珊回顾1 测试专题探究 (典型例题分) The storm left, a lot of damage to this area.A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused1D点拨:本题考查非谓语动词作结果状语的用法。动词不定式作结果状语,表示出乎意料的结果,而现在分词作结果状语,则表示自然而然、顺理成章的结果。回顾2 测试专题探究 (典型例题addy Tdidnt mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, fun.A. had B. have C. to have D. having2D点拨:由句中were可知A、B不对。C项表示即将发生,而由上句we were doing可知下句同样表示动作正在进行。句意为:父亲并不介意我们正在干什么,只要我们在一起玩得高兴就行。回顾3 测试专题探究 (典型例题) in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing3B 点拨:本题考查过去分词的延伸形式,lose与the two students之间是动宾关系。B项结构be lost in,表示状态。回顾4 测试专题探究 (典型例题 in a whice uniform.he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed4A 点拨:dress只能用于dress sb或be dressed in或者用作不及物动词,故只能用dress的过去分词形式表状态。VI2011年高考题预测 高瞻远瞩 占尽先机 一、考情预测 年考情预测预测1:不定式的完成时 预测根据:不定式的完成时是高考对非谓语动词中不定式进行考查的一个重点,也是考生学习不定式这一部分的一个难点在考情预测 年高考题中出现的几率较大。 命题角度预测:不定式的完成时在高考单项选择中出现的可能性大可从两方面进行命题: 表示不定式中动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。 eg:Im sorry to have kept you waiting(对不起、让你久等了。)不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气,通常用于would/should like/lore to have done的口语中。预测2:be+过去分词表状态 预测根据:be+过去分词可以表示被动有时过去分词转化为形容词则be+过去分词用来表示状态这点是高考考查的热点之一在近几年高考中频繁出现。 命题角度预测:be+过去分词表状态的用法在高考的单项选择或完形填空部分出现的几率较大尤其用过去分词作状语的句式更是高考命题的重要布点。考生务必清楚。过去分词作状语可表被动但有时强调逻辑主语所处的状态,是过去分词的延伸用法。预测3:辨析:joinjoin inattendtake part in 预测根据:动词和动词词组的用法辨析,是高考考查的重点内容。join强调加人某一个组织或团体,成为其中的一员;join in强调加入到某项活动中来,attend强调出席、到场;take part in强调参加具体活动并在其中起积极作用。这几个词或词组的用法,对考生来说是很容易混淆的。 命题角度预测:join,join inattendtake part in的辨析在高考单项选择中易出现考生应清楚其各自使用的语境,作出正确 选择。预测4:如何表达逻辑关系 预测根据:“如何表达逻辑关系”是本单元的口语要求学生掌握的内容,也是考纲要求考生完全会运用常用口语表达逻辑的内容是高考考题的布点之一。 命题角度预测:对“如何表达逻辑关系”的考查在高考的书面表达部分设题的可能性大。考题会以文字或图表的方式给考生提示要求考生对某一活动或事件作出描述,考查考生表达逻辑关系的能力。预测5:话题预测 本单元的中心话题是“自由战士”听、说、读、写始终围绕这一主题展开。文章讲述了美国黑人争取自由的历史,从而说明自由、平等的重要性,同时也表达了对那些为自由和平等权利而献身的勇士们的敬仰。高考与之有关的话题会在阅读理解部分出现。以一篇论说文的方式呈现一篇阅读理解题介绍某一个为平等而奋斗的组织或个人,题目设置有猜测词义、大意归纳、推理判断等。二、考题预测备考1测试专题探究 The Yellow River, to be the mother river, runs across China like a huge dragon. A. saying B. to say C. said D. being said1C 点拨:say与the Yellow River之间是逻辑上的被动关系。备考2测试专题探究 I would love to the cinema last night, but I had to look after my sick mother at home. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone2B 点拨:would love to have gone to the cinema表示“本来想去看电影(实际上没去)”,与过去事实相反。备考3测试专题探究 No matter how frequently , the works of Laoshe always attract large audience. A. performed B. perform!rig C. to perform D. to be performed3A点拨:the works of Laoshe与perform之间是逻辑上的被动关系。备考4测试考点 1 I demand that Bob there as soon as possible. A. went B. to-go C. go D. goes4C 点拨:demand后接从句时,从句用should+动词原形。should可以省略。备考5测试考点2 Smoking is harmful for health. It is in many public places. A. refused B. rejected C. forbidden D. prevented5C 点拨:forbidden表示“被禁止”而refused“被拒绝”,rejec ted“被反对”,prevented“被阻止”均与题意不符。备考6测试考点5 His son was put in prison. He Went to prison to see him yesterday. A./; / B. the; the C./; the .D. the; /6C点拨:prison当“坐牢”讲时,前面不用冠词;当“监狱”讲时可加冠词。备考7测试考点 7 One of the reasons he was late for the meeting was he was caught in the rain. A. what; that B. that; what C. why; what D. why; that7D点拨:考查句型:One of the reasons whyis that。备考8测试考点 6 The perfect performance Liu Xiang did in the 28th olympic Games all the Chinese. A. setted a good example to B. made a good example C. set a good example to D. set a good example8C 点拨:“为树立榜样”应为set an example to sb,set 的过去式和过去分词都是set,故选c。备考9测试考点 4 He was thrown into prison for being the march the day before. A. by B. for C. on D. at9C 点拨:on the march为在行军在游行。备考10测试考点 9 Dont stay here alone. Please e to our discussion. A. join in B. join C. attend D. attend to10A 点拨:参加某项活动用join in。
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