2019-2020年高考英语大题精做01阅读理解细节理解题含解析新人教版.doc

2019-2020年高考英语大题精做01阅读理解细节理解题含解析新人教版【题型突破】细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。有些问题考生可以直接从文中找到明确的答案，但有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理，如计算、排序、判断、比较等。近年全国及各省、市高考阅读理解中，对细节理解类题型的考查依然占了较大的比例。特别是应用文、说明文和记叙文中，更是侧重于对细节理解的考查。一、命题方式细节理解题常见的出题方式有以下几种：1.以when， where， what， which， who， how much， how many等疑问词开头引出的问题;2.是非判断题，题干中常有TRUE， NOT true或EXCEPT等;3.以According to 开头的提问方式;4.以填空题的形式出现的题干，高考题中出现的此类题目有：1) Certain animals change their choice of food when _.2) Daylight Saving Time was introduced in Tasmania _.3) The writer thought Amery a fair game because the boy _.4) Mr. Dunlop established his business _.二、解题指导1. 应用文中的细节理解应用文，特别是广告，是阅读理解题中常见的一种体裁。广告简洁明快，语言精练，篇幅小、信息多。广告阅读题多为细节理解题。做这类阅读题的技巧是：先读题目，带着问题有针对性地阅读相关部分快速寻找有效信息。一般情况下，只要细心都会找到正确答案。2. 说明文中的细节理解与应用文一样，说明文中的阅读理解也偏重考查细节，我们也可以采用先看题，然后带着问题在材料中寻找对应信息的办法答题。3. 记叙文中的细节理解故事、人物描写等记叙文体是阅读理解的考查重点之一。做这类题一般也可采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关词语或句子进行分析对比，获取准确信息，找出正确答案。4. 细节理解题中的代词指代题代词指代题要求考生根据上、下文推测代词的指代意义类题一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。三、方法小结：高考要求考生在规定的时间里处理大量的阅读材料，因此，掌握答题技巧，提高阅读速度就显得尤为重要。一般来说，解答细节理解题时都可采用寻读法。也就是说，考生不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取带着问题找答案的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索，快速地捕捉和理解事实或细节，恰当地运用略读、查读等技巧，在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。规律方法1： 如何解决事实细节题？做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法是题干定位法。一般在原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定答案。此类题通常用一些疑问词来提问，或是判断正误。规律方法2：如何解决细节转换与是非判断题?细节理解题也叫间接理解题，包括语意转换题、图文转换题和是非判断题。1. 语意转换题，需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者存在表述上的差异。解答这类题目时可带着问题，有针对性地扫读全文，迅速锁定相关语句，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。2. 图文转换题，在阅读理解题中，有的图表、图画出现在阅读理解题的正文中。在解答这类题时，可采用文字锁定法，找出描述图形中的句段，采用按图寻找答案的方法，按图索骥，图文互相参照、互相验证，便可确定正确答案。3. 是非判断题，采用对号入座法和排除法。对号入座法就是根据关键词返回原文，找出相关内容，从中找出答案。正确答案与原文表述可能有出入，但意思一样，万变不离其宗。排除法，针对是非判断题中的三错一对或三对一错类试题，要求仔细阅读文章，比较选项与原文的异同，然后做出正确判断。规律方法3：如何解决数字计算题？先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。1. 仔细阅读文字说明部分，准确把握图表信息。2. 仔细分析题干，抓牢关键词。3. 运用数学公式计算，注意巧算。规律方法4：如何解决细节排序题？做此类题目可采用首尾定位法，即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，这样可以迅速缩小选择范围，从而迅速找到答案。阅读理解的文章如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索；如果是议论文，排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年高考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。Passage1（xx全国新课标I，A）体裁话题词数难度建议时间应用文Pacific Science Center231 5分钟Pacific Science Center GuideVisit Pacific Science Centers StoreDont forget to stop by Pacific Science Centers Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.Hungry? Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body? Our caf offers a plete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The caf is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour Pacific Science Center closes.Rental InformationLockers are available to store any belongs during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.Support Pacific Science Center Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and munity events all over Washington State. Its an amazing acplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.21. Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?A. In Building 1.B. In Building 3.C. At the Laser Dome.D. At the Denny Way entrance.22. What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?A. Train science teachers.B. Distribute science books.C. Inspire scientific research.D. Take science to the classroom.23. What is the purpose of the last part of the text?A. To encourage donations.B. To advertise ing events.C. To introduce special exhibits.D. To tell about the Centers history.【文章大意】本文主要从购物点、就餐点、租借服务三方面介绍了Pacific Science Center，并展示了Pacific Science Center为人们做的贡献，呼吁人们的支持。Passage2（xx全国新课标II，A）体裁话题词数难度建议时间应用文友爱273 6分钟In the ing months, we are bringing together artists from all over the globe, to enjoy speaking Shakespeares plays in their own language, in our globe, within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for. please e and join us.National Theatre Of China Beijing|ChineseThis great occasion(盛会) will be the national Theatre of Chinas first visit to the UK. The panys productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. This production of Shakespeares Richard III will be directed by the Nationals Associate Director, Wang Xiaoying.Date &Time: Saturday 28 April,2.30pm&Sunday 29 April,1.30pm&6.30pmMarjanishvili Theatre Tbilisi |Georgian One of the most famous theatres in Georgia, the Marjanishvili, founded in 1928,appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world. This new production of As You Like It is helmed（指导）by the panys Artistic Director Levan Tsuladze.Date & Time : Friday 18May,2.30pm&Saturday 19May,7.30pmDeafinitely Theatre London | British Sign Language （BSL）By translating the rich and humourous text of Loves Labours Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeares edy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.Date&Time: Tueaday 22 May,2.30pm&Wednesday 23 May,7.30pmHabima National Theatre Tel Aviv| HebrewThe Habima is the centre of Hebrew-language theatre worldwide, Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the pany eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s,Since 1958,they have been recognized as the national theatre of Israel. This production of Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK.Date &Time: Monday 28May,7.30&Tuesday 29 May,7.30pm21.which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China?A. Richard . B. Lovers Labours Lost.C.As You Like It. D. The merchant of Venice.22.What is special about Deafinnitely Theatre?A. It has two groups of actors. B. It is the leading theatre in London.C. It performs plays in BSL. D. It is good at producing edies.23.When can you see a play in Hebrew?A. On Saturday 28Apil. B. On Sunday 29 April.C. On Tuesday 22 May. D. On Tuesday 29 May.【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了莎士比亚的戏剧被翻译成几个国家的语言，并将在这些国家的大剧院上映的有关情况。Passage3（xx全国新课标I，C ）体裁话题词数难度建议时间记叙文莎士比亚的戏剧被翻译成几个国家的语言，并将在这些国家的大剧院上映258 5分钟I am peter Hodes ,a volunteer stem courier. Since March xx, Ive done 89 trips of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time. I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: Well, Im really sorry, Ive got some bad news for you-there are no fights from Washington. So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please, please, youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom. She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for mere-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job, youre consciously aware than that box youre got something that is potentially going to save somebodys life.29. Which of the following can replace the underlined word courier in Paragraph17A. provider B. delivery man C. collector D. medical doctor30. WhydoesPeterhavetopletehistripwithin42hours?A.Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.B.Thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong.C.Theoperationneedsthatverymuch.D.Theicewontlastanylonger.31.WhichflightdidthewomanputPeteronfirst?A.ToLondon B.ToNewark C.ToProvidence D.ToWashington 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历，表现了人们之间的友爱。29.B 【解析】词义猜测题。根据本段内容 Ive done 89 trips和I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box以及第二段内容可知作者是运送干细胞的人，也就是delivery man。故选B 。【技巧点拨】词义猜测题的答题技巧：1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测；2.根据同位关系进行猜测；3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测；4.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。在本文中要根据上下文对作者工作的描写来推测出正确的词义。Passage4（xx天津，B）体裁话题词数难度建议时间 记叙文 父与子 4059分钟Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps. As he grows you also age, and your ambitions bee more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably acplish what you hoped for. But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions.My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports werent written until the final threat.Ive been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working toward her masters degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a vo-tech student(技校学生). Theyre called motorheads by the rest of the student body.When a secretary in my office first called him motorhead, I was shocked. Hey, hes a good kid, I wanted to say. And smart, really.I learned later that motorheads are, indeed, different. They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes. And they dont often make school honor rolls(光荣榜).But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. We who labor in clean shirts in offices dont have the abilities that motorheads have. I began to learn this when I had my car crashed. The cost to repair it was estimated at $800. Hey, I can fix it, said Jody. I doubted it , but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.My son ,with other motorheads, fixed the car. They got parts(零件）from ajunkyard, non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbours and co-workers trust their car repair to him.Since that first repair job, a broken air-conditioner, a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repairs to him. These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes. I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need builders. Most important, I have learned that fathers dont need clones in footsteps or anywhere else. My son may never make the school honor roll. But he made mine.41. What used to be the authors hope for his son?A. To avoid being his clone.B. To resemble him in appearance.C. To develop in a different direction.D. To reach the authors unachieved goals.42. What can we learn about the authors children?A. His daughter does better in school.B. His daughter has got a masters degree.C. His son tried hard to finish homework.D. His son couldnt write his book reports.43. The author let his son repair the car because he believed that_.A. His son had the ability to fix it.B. it would save him much time.C. it wouldnt cause him any more lossD. other motorheads would e to help.44. In the authors eyes, motorheads are _.A. tidy and hardworking B. cheerful and smartC. lazy but bright D. relaxed but rude45. What did the author realize in the end?A. It is unwise to expect your child to follow your path.B. It is important for one to make the honor roll.C. Architects play a more important role than builders.D. Motorheads have greater ability than office workers.【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。作者一开始希望自己的儿子能效仿他，完成他没有实现的目标。但是他的儿子学习成绩不理想，只上了技校。一次作者的车坏了，儿子和同学帮助作者修好了车，让作者改变了自己的看法。41.D 【解析】考查细节理解。 根据第一段的句子You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably acplish what you hoped for.可知，作者希望儿子完成他没有实现的目标。故选D。 42.A 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段的句子My daughter is a university graduate working toward her masters degree in English.可知，作者的女儿学习很好。故选A。 考查推理判断。43.C 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第六段的句子I doubted it, but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose可知，作者认为儿子修车不会给他带来任何损失。故选C。 模拟精做Passage1（xx届山西运城市高三模拟考试）体裁话题词数难度正确率 应用文一次旅行的详细安排 268One Day Fly-Fly Rock Art TourOperator: Adventure North Australia Destination: Cooktown Departing: CairnsPrices(AUD): Adults: $ 549.00 Child: $ 390.00Family(2 adults and 2 children): $ 1,669.00Tour DescriptionA truly unique experience, voted as one of Australias Must-Do-Experiences. Treat yourself to an amazing day out with Aboriginal Elder Willie Gordon.Depart Cairns Domestic Airport for the Skytrain Flight to Cooktown. Flight departs Cairns at 6:45 a.m.Enjoy a 45-minute flight with wonderful views from Cairns to Cooktown as you fly along the coast between the World Heritage rainforest and the Great Barrier Reef. On arrival in Cooktown youll be met by Willie Gordon, the traditional storyteller of the Nugal-warra trible.Willie Gordon takes guests to his ancestral rock art sites, set high in the hills above Hope Vale, outside Cooktown. Here he shares the stories behind the art. Hell explain how the paintings speak of the most basic and important quality of life and the knowledge of his people.The tour takes you through an impressive view of six rock art sites, including an ancestral Birth Cave and the Reconciliation Cave. It includes a 30-minute bush walk on generally easy terrian(地形). (PS: Covered closed-on shoes must be worn.)Return to Cooktown at 1:15 p.m. where Willie will take you to the Nature Power House Museum, Cooktowns Visitor Information Centre. Lunch is included at the Verhandah Cafe.The rest of the afternoon is free to explore historical Cooktown before your transfer to Cooktown airport and return flight to Cairns. Flight arrives at Cairns Domestic Airport at 6:40 p.m. Own arrangements on arrival in Cairns.1.Tourists will go to_ after viewing the rock art.A. the World Heritage Rain-forestB. the Great Barrier ReefC. the Nature Power House MuseumD. the Reconciliation Cave2. From the passage, we know that Willie Gordon_.A. acts as the guide of the tour.B. is the owner of the Verhandah Cafe.C. works in the Nature Power House Museum.D. is the manager of Adventure North Australia.3. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the text?A. Tourists arrive in Cooktown by airB. The whole tour lasts about twelve hours.C. Tourists can visit historical Cooktown free of charge in the afternoon.D.A couple taking the tour with their three children will pay at least $2,059.4. The tour is designed to let the tourists_.A. learn about the custom B. involve themselves in rock musicC. experience the local lifestyle D. enjoy the ancient art【语篇解读】文章讲述了一次旅行的详细安排。Passage 2(xx届河南豫南九校高三下期质量考评)体裁话题词数难度正确率 应用文 狗什么时候第一次成为人类最好的朋友和世界上最喜爱的宠物 334Have you ever wondered when dogs first became mans best friend and the worlds favourite pet? If you have then youre not alone. When and where dogs first began living side-side with humans are questions that have stirred hot debate among scientists. There are a few hard facts that all agree on. These include that dogs were once wolves and they were the first animal to be domesticated(驯养) by humans. They came into lives some 15000 years ago, before the dawn of agriculture.Beyond that, there is little agreement. The earliest bones found that are unquestionable dogs and not wolves date from 14,000 years ago. However, 30,000-year-old skulls have been discovered in France and Belgium that are not pure wolf and some scientists think could be dogs.With such puzzling evidence, many scientists are now turning to DNA to find out when and where dogs were first domesticated. In one research project, tens of thousands of blood samples have been taken from street dogs around the world. The plan is to pare them with those of wolves. Its even possible to analyse DNA from ancient bones. Tiny pieces of the 30,000-year-old skulls mentioned earlier are currently being studied, and another DNA study has already shown that ancient dogs preserved in the Alaskan ice-fields evolved from Asian wolves, not American ones.Indeed, the ancient DNA may turn out to be more informative than the DNA of living dogs. Because dogs have acpanied humans around the world for thousands of years, their current distribution may tell us very little of their origins. This is why different groups of scientists believe that dogs variously originated in eastern Asia, Mongolia, Siberia, Europe or Africa.But why were the animals domesticated in the first place? The most recent theory is that dogs domesticated themselves, initially living in and around our ancient villages to eat any food thrown out. Today, this is a way of life still shared by three -quarters of a billion unowned dogs worldwide.1. Which is the only statement generally agreed on by scientists studying dogs?A. They originally were used as farm animalB. They evolved from wolves found in EuropeC. They helped the development of agricultureD. They were the first animal to be kept as pets2. Why does the writer first mention the 30,000-year-old animals skulls?A. To show that dogs were much larger in the pastB. To prove that dogs developed from Asian wolvesC. To suggest that dogs may have evolved much earlierD. To argue that dogs were first kept in France and Belgium3. How did scientists determine the origins of the ancient dogs found in Alaska?A. By examine the animals DNAB. By analyzing the age of their bonesC. By studying the shape of their skullsD. By paring them with modern dogs4. Why did dogs start living with humans?A. Because they were attracted by foodB. Because they were trapped by humansC. Because they couldnt survive in the wildD. Because they were trained to protect villages 2.C 【解析】细节理解题。通过题目中出现的30,000-year-old animals skulls定位到第二段However, 30,000-year-old skulls have been discovered in France and Belgium that are not pure wolf and some scientists think could be dogs.可知狗出现的时间最早可追溯到30,000年前，而不是14,000之前。故选C。3.A 【解析】细节理解题。通过题目中关键词Alaska 定位文中第三段最后一句话another DNA study has already shown that ancient dogs preserved in the Alaskan ice-fields evolved from Asian wolves可知是用DNA检测的，故选A。4.A 【解析】细节理解题。由最后一段The most recent theory is that dogs domesticated themselves, initially living in and around our ancient villages to eat any food thrown out可知，狗的自我驯养是因为被村民扔出的食物所吸引。故选A。Passage 3（xx届江西省上高二中高三考）体裁话题词数难度正确率说明文 Jake Beckman呼吁出版商应对读者负责 361The Internet is full of headlines that grab your attention with buzzwords (流行词). But often when we click through, we find the content hardly delivers and it wastes our time. We close the page, feeling weve been cheated. These types of headlines are called click bait.A headline on Businesslnsider reads: This phrase will make you seem more polite. First, when you click through, you find another headline: Four words to seem more polite. Then, on reading the article, you find its actually an essay about sympathy. And what are the four words? Theyre Wow, that sounds hard. On some video websites, you might encounter headlines such as Heres what happens