2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习专题05介词与介词短语精品教学案（含解析）.doc

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习专题05介词与介词短语精品教学案（含解析）【xx考纲解读】介词和介词短语也是高考的一个必考点，每年都保持在一至两个题目，命题形式除了单项填空外还在完形填空、语法填空、短文改错中进行考查，其考点主要涉及常用介词的用法区别，介词与动词、名词、形容词等的常见搭配，介词在特定语境中的选用和介词短语的用法等。掌握介词必须要立足基本用法，广泛记忆，细心体会比较。其考点主要包括：1考查常用介词和介词短语的基本用法。从历年全国及各省市高考题中可看出，介词类考题常集中于一些常用介词，如at，in，for，from，to，of，on，with，until，about，by，since，as，around等。2考查常用介词或介词短语含义和用法的辨识能力。尤其是在一定的语言环境中，辨析意义相同或相近以及使用范围不同的介词或介词短语。3考查介词与某些名词、形容词或动词的各种搭配形式。特别是那些搭配繁多、用法灵活的介词，不同的搭配可用来表示种种不同的意义。xx年对介词和介词短语辨析的考查依然是考试的重点。【重点知识梳理】一、表示时间的介词1in，on，at，over(1)in表示在一段时间之内。通常时间较长，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。如：in the 1950s，in 1989，in summer，in January，in ones thirties，in the morning等。(2)on表示具体的某一天及其早、中、晚。如：on May 1st，on Monday，on a cold night in January, on a fine morning等。(3)at表示在一个时间点上。指某一时刻或较短暂的时间，也泛指圣诞节，复活节等。如：at 3：20，at this time of year，at Christmas，at night，at this moment等。(4)over后面接一段时间，表示“超过”或“在期间”。如：David Crum, the CEO of Geldart Software, announced that the corporation would open three branches in Bangkok over the next several months.(5)在last，next，this，that，some，every等词之前一律不用介词。如：He went to Japan last year.We meet every day.2in，after(1)“in一段时间”表示将来的一段时间之后。如：My mother will e back in three or four days.(2)“after一段时间”表示过去的一段时间之后。如：He arrived after five months.(3)“after具体时间”表示将来或过去的某一时刻之后。如：She will appear after five oclock this afternoon.The rain began to fall after seven.3from，since，for(1)from后接具体时间，说明从什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today.(2)since后接具体过去时间，表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。如：We have not seen each other since xx.(3)for后接一段时间，通常与完成时连用。如：I have been in the army for 5 years.二、表示地点方位的介词1at，in，on，to(1)at表示在小地方或“在附近；在旁边”。如：He arrived at the station at ten.He is sitting at the desk.(2)in表示在大地方或“在范围之内”。如：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.Shandong lies in the east of China.(3)on表示毗邻或接壤。如：Russia lies on the north of China.(4)to表示“在范围外”，不强调是否接壤。如：Japan is to the east of China.2above，over，on(1)above意为“在上方”，只表示位置高于某物但不强调是否垂直，与below相对。如：The bird is flying above my head.(2)over意为“在之上”，表示垂直高于，与under相对。over强调与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。如：There is a bridge over the river.(3)on意为“在之上”，表示在某物体上面并与之接触。如：He put his watch on the desk.2above，over，on(1)above意为“在上方”，只表示位置高于某物但不强调是否垂直，与below相对。如：The bird is flying above my head.(2)over意为“在之上”，表示垂直高于，与under相对。over强调与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。如：There is a bridge over the river.(3)on意为“在之上”，表示在某物体上面并与之接触。如：He put his watch on the desk.三、表示运动方向的介词1across，over，through(1)across表示从物体表面穿过，与on有关。如：across the playground/square/desert/river(2)over表示动作是在空中进行的。如：He jumped over the wall.(3)through表示从物体里面穿过，与in有关。也可表示时间，指“(从开始到结束)经历了”。如：through the pipe/forest/doorWe work hard all through the year.2in，into(1)in通常表示静态，意为“在里面”。如：We walked in the park.我们在公园里走着。(2)into通常表示动态，意为“进入到里面”。如：We walked into the park.我们走进了公园。四、表示原因的介词1for表示原因时，常与sorry，famous，punish，praise，thank，blame等词连用。如：I am sorry for what I said to you.例1、(xx山东，34)The Smiths are praised _the way they bring up their children.AfromBbyCat Dfor2at表示引起某种情感变化的原因，常与表示看、听或喜、怒、吃惊的词连用，意为“因听到或看到而”。如：He was surprised at the news.3from常接抽象名词表示自然、间接或外在的原因，如受伤、车祸等。如：He died from the wound.4of多用于表示自身或内在的原因，如病、饿等。如：The old man died of hunger.5with指生理上或情感上由外界到内心的原因。如：Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.He was shaking with anger.6by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。如：She took your umbrella by mistake.她错拿了你的雨伞。7over一般用于cry，weep，laugh等带有感情色彩的动词后，表示所发生的事情的原因。如：She wept over the death of her daughter.We laughed over the victory.8because of表示引起结果的直接原因。如：He retired last month because of his illness.9thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常意为“幸亏，多亏”。如：Thanks to John, we won the game.例2、When we heard the news that Beijing Basketball Team has won the final, we sang and danced _ joy.Ato BwithCat Dof【变式探究】How about your trip to Italy?Oh, _ the fine weather, we enjoyed ourselves indeed.Abut for Bthanks toCin spite of Dbecause of五、表示计量的介词1at表示“以速度；以价格”。如：It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour.I sold my car at a high price.2for表示“用交换；以为代价”。如：He sold his car for 500 dollars.注意：at表示单价，for表示总钱数。3by表示“以计”，后跟度量单位。如：They paid him by the month.注意：by后接具体度量单位要加the。例3、He thought the jar made of earth _ little value and let me have it _ only one dollar.Awith; for Bof; forCof; by Dwith; by答案：B第一个空应用of，of little value/importance/use意为“没大有价值、重要性、用处”；第二个空应用for，表示“以一美元为代价，用一美元交换”。六、表示工具或手段的介词1by意为“用某种方式”，后面的名词不带冠词。如：I went there by bus.2with表示“用某种工具”，后面的名词需带冠词。如：He broke the window with a stone.3in表示“用”时，后面的宾语不带冠词，且多为铅笔、墨水、颜色、语言等。如：I hate letters written in pencil.We will never forget this historical lesson written in blood.4on表示“以方式”，多用于固定词组。如：They talked on the telephone.She learns English on the radio/on TV.例4、The form is very important. Please fill in the form _ ink not _ a pencil, Jack.Ain; by Bwith; inCin; with Dby; in七、表示“在之间”的介词1between表示在两者之间。如：You are to sit between your father and me.2among表示在三者或三者以上之间。如：He is always happy among his classmates.3有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，但强调多者中的两两关系时用between。如：Switzerland lies between France, Italy, Austria and Germany.Pay attention to the relationship between the sentences in your position.例5、Four Chinese models were _ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Super Model petition.Aamong BbetweenCalong Dbeside八、表示“除了”的介词1besides表示“除之外，还有”。如：We all went to see the film besides you.除你之外我们也都去看电影了。2except表示“除外，把除去”。如：We all went to see the film except you.除你之外我们都去看电影了。3but与except同义，但多用于不定代词no one/nobody/nothing/everything/all和副词nowhere/anywhere以及疑问代词who之后。如：I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.4except for表示“如无就，只是”，多表明理由细节。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.5except that表示“除外，把除去”，后面接句子。如：I know nothing about him except that he is from Beijing.6apart from在不同的上下文中，既有besides的含义，又有except和except for的含义，要根据上下文来判别。如：Apart from/Besides English，he has a good mand of Russian and French.He has no interests，apart from/except his work.Its a good paper，apart from/except for a few spelling mistakes.例6、Some people choose jobs for other reasons _ money these days.Afor BexceptCbesides Dwith【变式探究】_ good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Shandong Cuisine.AFar from BRegardless ofCInstead of DApart from九、介词与某些词类的习惯搭配高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。1名词词组：如on the contrary相反；in turn依次；in ones opinion根据某人的看法；on time准时；out of reach够不着2动词词组：如remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事；rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人的；result from由引起；call at访问(某地)3形容词词组：如be curious about对好奇；be proud of因而自豪；be popular with受到的欢迎4介词短语：如apart from除之外；in addition to除之外(还)；because of因为；instead of代替；in fear of为提心吊胆；for fear of以免；in case of防备，万一；thanks to由于；in the middle of在中间according to根据；in front of在前面；in return for作为对的回报；in charge of负责；as a result of作为的结果；in exchange for与交换等。【高频考点突破】考点一、考查介词辨析例1（xx新课标全国卷）It was a real race _ time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.A. over BbyCfor Dagainst【变式探究】（xx安徽卷）Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library _a book about it. Aon B. at Cfor Dto 【变式探究】（xx北京卷）I have an appointment _ Dr Smith, but I need to change it.A. to Boff Cwith Dfrom【解析】C 考查介词辨析。have an appointment with sb与某人有个约定/预约。考点二、考查介词短语辨析例2.（xx浙江卷）It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner. _， Ill set the table. A. As a result BOn the wholeC. In the meanwhile DAs a matter of fact【变式探究】（xx福建卷）Mrs Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always _ whenever she tries to. A. in the way Bon watch C. in sight Don the line 【变式探究】（xx江苏卷）I am always delighted when I receive an email from you. _ the party on July 1st, I shall be pleased to attend. AOn account of BIn response to CIn view of DWith regard to 考点三、考查介词或介词短语的用法例3、What do you mean _ saying “the boy is overgrowing”？I mean that he is tall _ his age. A. about; with Bas to; for Cby; for Dby; to 【变式探究】I received a call one morning from a lady, but she phoned_， as she kept asking to speak to someone else who I didnt know at all. Aby accident Bby mistake Cby chance Dby force 【经典考题精析】 【xx高考真题精选】（xx新课标I卷）34. It was a real race _ time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it. A. over B. by C. for D. against （xx新课标卷)11. A serious study of physics is impossible some knowledge of mathematics.A. against B. before C. beyond D. without【答案】D【解析】考查介词辨析。against反对，衬托；before在.之前；beyond超过；without没有。句意“没有一些数学知识的话，一个严肃的物理研究是不可能的。”故选D。【考点定位】介词辨析。（xx浙江）14.It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner._, Ill set the table.A.As a result B. On the whole C. In the meanwhile D.As a matter of fact答案：C解析：（xx大纲卷）31 A serious study of physics is impossible some knowledge of mathematics.A. against B. Before C. Beyond D. Without答案：D解析：（xx北京卷)26. I have an appointment Dr. Smith, but I need to change it.A. toB. offC. withD. from（xx福建卷)29.Mrs. Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always _ whenever she tries to.A. in the way B. on watchC. in sightD. on the line（xx湖北卷)30. An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered _ a long lost antique Greek vase.A. at random B. by chance C. in turn D. on occasion（xx江苏卷)26. I am always delighted when I receive an e-mail from you. _ the party on July 1st, I shall be pleased to attend.A. On account of B. In response to C. In view ofD. With regard to（xx山东卷)34. The Smiths are praised _ the way they bring up their children. A. from B. by C. at D. for （xx辽宁卷)25. everyone here，I wish you a pleasant journey back to your journey.A.By means of B.On behalf of C.In search of D.For fear of （xx安徽卷)22. Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library a book about it.A. on B. at C. for D. to【xx高考真题精选】【xx福建卷】26.China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals _all its citizens.A. in charge ofB. for the purpose of C. in honor ofD. for the benefit of【答案】D【考点定位】考查介词短语。【xx福建卷】33. Nothing is so easy asparents raise their expectations of their children too high.A. ofB. to C. by D. for【xx浙江卷】14.Brown said he was by no means annoyed;_ he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.A. all in allB. for one thingC. on the contrary D. by the way【考点定位】介词短语词义辨析【答案】C【解析】根据句意：布朗说他一点儿都不恼火。相反（on the contrary）他很高兴能够被透彻理解。All in all总而言之；for one thing其一；by the way顺便讲一下，均不符合语境，故排除。解题的关键是对词组by no means=never（决不）的理解。【xx浙江卷】6. all the animals Ive ever had, these two dogs arc the most sensitive to the spoken word.A. FromB. OfC. ForD. With【xx湖北卷】25. The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks _ in the garden of a traditional home A. out of questionB. out of orderC. out of sightD. out of place【xx江苏卷】29. Thank God youre safe!I stepped back, justto avoid the racing car.A. in timeB. in caseC. in needD. in vain【xx安徽卷】25. You can chang your job, you can move house,but friendship is meant to be life. A. of B. on C. to D. For【答案】D【解析】选择D是正确的，mean在此表示“预定，指定”。The gift is meant for you. 这份礼物是给你的。 He was meant for to be an electrician. 本来是准备把他培养成电工的。【xx辽宁卷】27. The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place the main road at the far end of the lake. A. to B. for C. off D. out14. This training program can give you a lift at work, _ increase your ine by 40%.A. as well as B. so long as C. so much as D. as soon as【xx陕西卷】11An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the mittee members are _ it.A . against B. for C .to D. with【xx北京卷】34. Do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders?A. at B. on C. to D. across【答案】 D【考点定位】介词考点【xx全国II】16. 100 is the temperature _ which water will boil.A. for B. at C. on D. of（2011山东卷 30Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy_ the past couple of weeks.A. beyond B. with C. among D. over（2011安徽卷 25Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek_ food safety problem.A. in B. to C. on D. after（2011全国卷II 14This shop will be closed for repairs _ further notice. A. with B. until C. for D. at【答案】B【考点定位】考查介词。【解析】句意：在另行通知前，这家店将停止整顿。until further notice表示“在另行通知前”。（2011四川卷 8Nick, its good for you to read some books _China before you start your trip there. A. in B. for C. of D. on（2011天津卷 11He was a good student and scored _ average in most subjects.A. below B. of C. on D. above（2011重庆卷 24Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read _ the library.A. in B. for C. by D. from（2011福建卷 22_ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dished.A. Far from B. Apart from CInstead of DRegardless of