2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习单元检测卷40Unit5Meetingyourancestors新人教版选修.doc

2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习单元检测卷40Unit5Meetingyourancestors新人教版选修.阅读理解AHow Did the Ancient Chinese Keep Food Warm in Winter?Facilities like electric rice cookers, microwaves, and electric kettles, make it easy for people to keep food warm and enjoy a fortable winter. So how did Chinese people in ancient times keep food warm in winter without these? In fact, ancient Chinese people used their own methods of heat preservation as early as the Shang and Zhou dynasties. “Wen Ding”， ancient rice cookerOne of the major functions of an electric rice cooker is to keep food warm. The “Wen Ding”， an ancient cooking container, served the same purpose, but instead of using electric energy, the ancient cooking container preserved heat by burning fuels like charcoal.The “Wen Ding” unearthed in Nanjing in 1989 is thought to be the oldest of its kind discovered in China, dating back to the Stone Age. The craftsmanship of making the “Wen Ding” was developed in the Bronze Age. The bronze Ding from Shang and Zhou dynasties took on different shapes and structures. “Ran Lu”， ancient small hot potThe “Ran Lu” is a small size cooking vessel(器皿) made of bronze, which can be divided into three parts. A charcoal stove forms the main structure, with a bottom tray to hold charcoal ashes, and a movable cup at the top. Some experts have concluded that the vessels structure suggests it may have been used as a small hot pot and that these vessels became popular in the Warring States Period(475221 BC) Bronze You, ancient kettleThe Bronze You was one of the most mon wine containers during the Shang and Zhou dynasties. The Bronze You can also be used to warm wine. For example, the Bronze You with beast mask design, unearthed in Jiangxi Province, has an opening where charcoal could be placed. Just as people today cant do without an electric kettle, the Bronze You allowed people to enjoy a hot drink. Bronze Yan, ancient steamerAlthough the “Wen Ding” was effective at keeping food warm, the ancient Chinese people later found that its burning process produced pollution. As a result, the Bronze Yan was made with a twotier structure and used to steam rice and other grains. After the Eastern Han Dynasty(25 AD220 AD), further improvements to the Bronze Yan led to the modernday steamer.语篇导读本文为说明文，介绍了中国古代用来保温食物的四种器皿。1When did the “Ran Lu” bee popular?AIn the Zhou Dynasty.BIn the Warring States Period.CIn the Eastern Han Dynasty.DIn the Stone Age.解析 B细节理解题。根据题干关键词Ran Lu可定位至原文“Ran Lu”， ancient small hot pot部分，根据该部分最后一句.became popular in the Warring States Period(475221 BC)可知，染炉在战国时期非常受欢迎，故选B项。2The Bronze You, unearthed in Jiangxi Province, has an opening to_.Astore wine Bpour waterCplace charcoalDhold charcoal ashes解析 C细节理解题。根据Bronze You, ancient kettle部分的第三句可知，铜卣有一个可放置木炭的开口，故选C项。3What is the unique advantage of the Bronze Yan?AIt is warm.BIt is convenient.CIt is environmentfriendly.DIt is useful.解析 C细节理解题。根据Bronze Yan, ancient steamer部分中的第一、二句可知，铜甗的优点是更为环保，故选C项。4Among the following products, which one may have the longest history?AThe “Wen Ding”.BThe “Ran Lu”CThe Bronze You.DThe Bronze Yan.解析 A细节理解题。根据“Wen Ding”， ancient rice cooker部分第二段第一句可知，温鼎的历史最为悠久，故选A项。B“Heaven is where the police are English, the cooks are French, the mechanics are German, the lovers are Italian and everything is organized by the Swiss. Hell is where the police are German, the cooks are English, the mechanics are French, the lovers are Swiss, and everything is organized by the Italians.”Obviously the national stereotypes(模式化的思想) in this old joke are generalizations, but such stereotypes are often said to “exist for a reason”. Is there actually a sliver of truth in them? Not likely, an international research team now says.“National and cultural stereotypes do play an important role in how people see themselves and others, and being aware that these are not dependable is a useful thing，” said study author Robert McCrae of the National Institute on Aging. “These are in fact unfounded stereotypes. They dont e from looking around you，” McCrae said.If national stereotypes arent rooted in real experiences, then where do they e from? One possibility is that they reflect national values, which may bee known from historical events. For example, many historians have argued that the spirit of American individualism has its origins in the experiences of the pioneers on the Old West.Social scientists such as psychologist Richard Robins have given several other possible explanations for stereotypes and why they may be incorrect. Robins notes that some stereotypes may have been correct at one point in history and then remained unchanged while the culture changed.We may be “hardwired”， to some degree, to keep incorrect stereotypes, since we are less likely to notice and remember information that is different from our stereotypes. Generally, according to Robins, when we meet people who are different from our stereotypes, we see them as unique individuals rather than typical national or cultural groups. 语篇导读本文为议论文。国民刻板印象是明显存在的，例如英国的警察是最好的，法国的厨师是最好的，德国的机器是最好的，意大利人是浪漫的，瑞士人是最有秩序的这些模式化思想的存在都是有原因的，然而这些真的是事实吗？5What is the function of the first paragraph?ATo introduce the topic of national stereotypes.BTo make a parison between the characters of different countries.CTo exemplify the argument against stereotyping.DTo analyze the strengths and weaknesses of people in different countries.解析 A推理判断题。根据第二段第一句中的old joke指代的就是第一段的内容可知，第一段中展示的一些关于英国、法国、德国、意大利和瑞士的国民刻板印象，是为了引出national stereotypes这个主题，故选A项。6Which of the following best describes McCraes attitude towards national stereotypes?ASupportive. BIndifferent.CCritical. DUncertain.解析 C推理判断题。根据第三段可知，麦凯里对national stereotypes并不是完全赞同且认为它不是那么可靠。supportive支持的；indifferent不关心的，中立的；critical批判的；uncertain不确定的，故选C项。7According to social scientists, why arent national stereotypes always correct?ABecause they are formed by individual historians.BBecause people tend to have false idea about other cultures.CBecause generalizations are made through personal experience.DBecause what was true in the past may not be true at present.解析 D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知，一些刻板印象可能在某一历史节点上是正确的，但是后来这些刻板印象没有改变，文化习俗却改变了，故选D项。8What does the underlined word “hardwired” in the last paragraph probably mean?AForgetful. BFixed.CAnxious.DHelpless.解析 B词义猜测题。末段首句句意：我们在某一程度上固化地保持着一些错误的刻板印象，因为我们很少去注意那些和我们刻板印象不一样的信息。forgetful健忘的，疏忽的；hardwired固有的，根深蒂固的；fixed固定的；anxious焦虑的，担忧的；helpless无助的，故选B项。.语法填空There are two leaders in the calligraphy trend during the Tang dynasty, Chu Suiliang 1.and Yan Zhenqing. In the early years of the Tang dynasty, there were four famous calligraphers: Ouyang Xun, Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang and Xue Ji, 2.in order of their ages.Chu Suiliang (596658) was once an official of the imperial court, and wrote the draft declaration 3.made(make) by Emperor Taizong when he abdicated in favor of his son. When the new emperor, Gaozong, married Wu Zetian, one of his fathers concubines, Chu protested, and was exiled from the capital.Chu studied the calligraphic styles of Ouyang Xun and Wang Xizhi, and the official script which was dominant in the Han dynasty. He bined all these into a new type of script, 4.abandoning(abandon) the “silkworms head” and “wild gooses tail”. His calligraphic style underwent three major 5.changes(change). The Preface to Tripitaka was one of his masterpieces. Written in the regular script, the characters were thin and smooth, but 6.powerful(power). It became fashionable to copy his handwriting, and he himself 7.was praised(praise) as a calligraphy master of the Tang dynasty.Yan Zhenqing(708784) was born into a noble family. His grandfather and fathers uncle were calligraphers, and this had a positive effect on him. Yan passed 8.the highest imperial examination and became an official for a time. His powerful and vigorous handwriting in the regular or running script reflects his lofty moral character.At first, Yan copied Chus style, and later Wang Xizhis. He finally developed a powerful, fantastic and beautiful style, 9.which was in harmony with the flourishing culture of the powerful Tang dynasty. His style has been 10.enthusiastically(enthusiastic) followed by later generations. 语篇导读本文为记叙文。唐朝书法由两种趋势主导：一是以褚遂良为代表，他长期研习欧阳询、王羲之，以及汉隶书等诸家，而自成体系；一是以颜真卿为代表，他研习褚遂良、王羲之，是继王羲之之后成就最高、影响最大的书法家。1and解析 考查连词。根据句首的关键信息There are two leaders.判断，此处的Chu Suiliang和Yan Zhenqing是逻辑上的并列关系。2in解析 考查介词。in order of按顺序。3made解析 考查非谓语动词。该句中有并列谓语was和wrote，故此处应该用非谓语动词；又因为the draft declaration与make是动宾关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。4abandoning解析 考查非谓语动词。该句有谓语动词bined，故此空用非谓语动词；又根据句子的主语He与abandon是主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作伴随状语。5changes解析 考查名词的数。根据空前的three major可知，此处的名词用复数形式。6powerful解析 考查词性转换。根据上文的形容词thin和smooth可知，表示转折关系的并列连词but之后仍是形容词。7was praised解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。he是主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数；主语he与动词praise是动宾关系，又根据the Tang dynasty可知，此空填一般过去时的被动语态。8the解析 考查冠词。形容词最高级前用定冠词。9which解析 考查连词。此空用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，指代上文的a powerful, fantastic and beautiful style。10enthusiastically解析 考查词性转换。副词修饰谓语动词。.短文改错One cold evening during the holiday season, a little boy about six or seven was standing out in the front of a store window. The little child no shoes and his clothes just in rags. A young woman by saw the little boy and could read the desire in his pale blue eyes. She took the child by the hand and led him into the store. There she bought some new shoes and a plete suit of clothing. They came back outside into the street, the woman told the child to go home and have a happy holiday. The little boy looked her and asked she was God. She smiled and replied that she was just one of his . 解析 in the front of指在某物内部的前面；in front of指位置在某物的前面。 解析 表示发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。 解析 主语是his clothes，故谓语动词用复数形式。 解析 a young woman和pass之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语。 解析 上文说是小男孩。 解析 形容词作定语修饰名词。 解析 此处表示递进关系。 解析 表示“看着”应该用look at。look表示“看”，强调看的动作，此时为不及物动词。 解析 此处含有一个宾语从句，且引导词在从句中不作任何成分，但是有实际意义，表示“是否”，故用引导词if/whether。 解析 one of可数名词复数。.书面表达假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Mike即将完成学业，不久前来信就是否到中国工作询问你的意见。请根据以下提示回一封电子邮件：1建议他可以来中国；2阐述你的理由(就业机会多、专业受欢迎、不同的文化体验等)；3承诺可提供帮助。注意：1.词数：100左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【参考范文】Dear Mike，Im very glad to have received the letter you sent me last week. I have been thinking about the question you asked me. From my point of view, you can choose to e to China after finishing your studies.For one reason, Chinas development over the past 30 years offers quantities of job opportunities for the young. Whats more, what you are studying is badly needed in China nowadays. In fact, many big panies in our city are hoping to hire people like you.For another reason, China is a country with so different cultures and traditions from the west that many foreigners enjoy living and working here. Why not e and join them? Im sure you will adapt to the environment quickly. If you e here, I will do what I can to help you. So what are you waiting for?Im looking forward to your ing.Best wishes.Yours，Li Hua