2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习专题一语法知识第六讲并列句与状语从句.doc

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2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习专题一语法知识第六讲并列句与状语从句考点1并列连词1Peter,please send us postcards _ well know where you have visited.No problem.(xx北京,22)Abut Bor Cfor Dso答案D解析句意为:彼得,请寄给我们明信片,这样(so)我们就知道你去哪里旅游了。没问题。后面表示结果,故用so。but表转折;or表选择;for是表因果关系的连词,后接原因。2He is a shy man,_ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.(xx北京,25)Aso Bbut Cor Das答案B解析句意为:他是一个害羞的人,但是他并不害怕任何事和任何人。由空格前后两个分句的句意可知,前后为转折关系,所以应用but。考点归纳1表示转折关系:常用的并列连词有but,yet,nevertheless。He tried hard but he was unsuccessful.他尽了力,但是没有成功。The car was old,yet/nevertheless it was in excellent condition.车子虽然旧了但车况很好。2表示因果关系:常用的并列连词有for,so,therefore。It must be snowing,for its so bright outside.肯定下雪了。外面这么亮。It was already rather late,so we decided to go home.天已经很晚了,所以我们决定回家。You are in the right,therefore we should support you.你是对的,所以我们应当支持你。3表递进或顺承关系:常用的并列连词有and,not only.but also。This article is well-written and youd better read it.这篇文章写得很好,你最好看看。Not only is he himself interested in the puter but also his son is beginning to show an interest in it.不仅他对电脑感兴趣,而且他的儿子也开始对电脑感兴趣。4表示选择关系:常用的并列连词有or,either.or。Either you must improve your work or we shall dismiss you.要么你好好干,要么我们就辞退你。5有时并列句中的分句通过破折号、分号等来表示并列关系。Stand up;it is your turn to speak now.站起来,该轮到你了。I dont goyou must go.我不去,你必须去。状语从句考点2时间状语从句1If you dont understand something,you may research,study,and talk to other people _ you figure it out.(xx北京,28)Abecause BthoughCuntil Dsince答案C解析句意为:如果不了解某个事物,你可以研究、学习、与他人探讨,直到(until)弄清楚。until直到为止,引导时间状语从句,符合语境。because因为,引导原因状语从句;though尽管,引导让步状语从句;since自以来,由于,可引导时间状语从句或原因状语从句。2_ the average age of the population increases,there are more and more old people to care for.(xx天津,7)AUnless BUntilCAs DWhile答案C解析句意为:随着人口平均寿命的延长,越来越多的老人需要照顾。as在此处引导时间状语从句,表示“随着”。3If you miss this chance,it may be years _ you get another one.(xx重庆,4)Aas BbeforeCsince Dafter答案B解析句意为:如果你错过这次机会,可能得过好多年才能再有一次机会。该句考查“It will/may be一段时间before.”句式,表示“得过多久才”。4We need to get to the root of the problem_ we can solve it.(xx天津,12)Awhile Bafter Cbefore Das答案C解析句意为:我们在解决问题之前需要找到其根源。根据逻辑关系可知,“找到问题的根源”在“解决问题”之前发生。before在之前,引导时间状语从句,符合题意。考点归纳1从句中用现在时代替将来时。 2as soon as,the minute,the second,the instant,immediately,directly,instantly,no sooner.than,hardly.when等引导的时间状语从句,意为“一就”。3在no sooner.than.,hardly/scarcely.when.结构中,no sooner与hardly/scarcely引导的主句的谓语动词应用过去完成时,而than与when引导的从句的谓语动词应用一般过去时。当no sooner和hardly/scarcely位于句首时,应用倒装语序。 4be doing sth.when.正在做某事突然;have hardly/just/scarcely done sth.when.刚做完就;be about to do sth.when.正准备突然。 5before 可表示“还未就;不到就;才;还没来得及”。常见句式: It was时间段before过去时,多久之后才;It will be时间段before一般现在时,多久之后才;It wont be long before.过不了多久就。6“since状语从句”表示“自从有多长时间”。since从句的时态若是一般过去时,主句中的时态则应该是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。常见句式:It is时间段since过去时,意为“自从以来多久了”。7as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成,可译为“一边,一边”或“随着”。8until或till表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”,此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词,主、从句都为肯定式。这两个词可以换用,但till不可以置于句首,而until可以。 not.until.表示“某动作直到某时间点才开始”,主句谓语动词是非延续性动词,从句为肯定式。 考点3让步状语从句1_ birds use their feathers for flight,some of their feathers are for other purposes.(xx北京,25)AOnce BIfCAlthough DBecause答案C解析句意为:虽然(although)鸟儿用羽毛来飞行,但是它们的一些羽毛也有其他用途。前后为让步关系,故用although引导状语从句。once一旦,引导时间状语从句;if如果,引导条件状语从句;because因为,引导原因状语从句。2_ online shopping has changed our life,not all of its effects have been positive.(xx浙江,5)ASince BAfterCWhile DUnless答案C解析句意为:尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活,但并非它的所有影响都是积极正面的。while引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管,虽然”;since既然,自从;after在之后;unless除非。故选C。3My grandfather still plays tennis now and then,_ hes in his nineties.(xx北京,27)Aas long as Bas ifCeven though Din case答案C解析句意为:尽管我的祖父已经九十多岁了,但他有时还打网球。由句意可知,本句的前后两部分之间为让步关系,故选C。4_scientists have learned a lot about the universe,there is much we still dont know.(xx安徽,23)AOnce BSinceCThough DUnless答案C解析句意为:尽管科学家们对宇宙已经了解甚多,但仍有许多我们还不知道的东西。once一旦;since自从以来;though尽管;unless除非。A、D两项常用来引导条件状语从句;B项常用来引导时间或原因状语从句;C项常用来引导让步状语从句,故选C。考点归纳1although与though两者意思相同,一般可互换,都可以与yet,still或nevertheless连用,但不能和but连用。 当as或though引导的让步状语从句放在主句之前时,常用倒装语序,此时从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是单数名词,前置时要省略冠词。 Although he is poor,hes still happy.虽然他很穷,他仍然很快乐。Ill try it,though/although I may fail.即使我可能失败,我也要试一下。Child as he was,he knew what was the right thing to do.虽然他是一个孩子,但他知道该做什么。2while可引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然;尽管”,引导的从句要放在主句前边。While he loves his students,he is very strict with them.虽然他爱他的学生,可是他对他们很严格。3疑问词-ever和“no matter疑问词”。“no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,意为“无论,不管”;疑问词-ever不但可以引导让步状语从句(等于no matter疑问词),还可引导名词性从句(如宾语从句、主语从句等),意为“任何”。考点4条件状语从句1I believe you will have a wonderful time here _ you get to know everyone else.(xx陕西,20)Athough Bas ifConce Dso that答案C解析句意为:一旦你认识了其他所有人,我相信你会在这儿有一段美好的时光。once一旦,符合句意。2You wont find paper cutting difficult _ you keep practicing it.(xx北京,28)Aeven though Bas long asCas if Dever since答案B解析句意为:只要你坚持练习,你就不会觉得剪纸难了。 even though 即使;as long as只要;as if 仿佛,好像;ever since 自以来。结合句意可知选B。3You will never gain success _ you are fully devoted to your work.(xx湖南,26)Awhen BbecauseCafter Dunless答案D解析句意为:除非你全身心地投入到你的工作中,否则你就不会获得成功。所填词引导条件状语从句,意为“除非,如果不”,故选D项。考点归纳引导条件状语从句的连词除了if,unless等之外,下列连词也可引导条件状语从句:once,as/so long as,on condition that,suppose/supposing,provided/providing,in case(如果,万一),given that等。Suppose/Supposing (that) I dont have a day off,what shall we do?假如我没有一天假,那该怎么办?You may borrow the book,on condition that you wont lend it to others.你可以借这本书,条件是你不能再借给别人。考点5地点状语从句 1Located_ the Belt meets the Road,Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.(xx江苏,23)Awhy Bwhen Cwhich Dwhere答案D解析句意为:由于位于“一带一路”的交汇处,江苏将为“一带一路”的建设作出更大的贡献。空格处在过去分词located后面引导状语从句,且在从句中作地点状语,表示“在一带一路的交汇处”,因此用where引导状语从句。located表示“坐落在;位于”。2“We will do the right thing and do what we have to do to investigate crimes _ they exist,” claimed the police officer in chief.(xx江苏如东高级中学期中,30)Awhatever BwhereverCwhichever Dhowever答案B解析 句意为:主管警官声称:“我们要做正确的事,做我们必须做的事,来对犯罪进行调查,无论这些犯罪发生在哪里。”whatever 无论什么;wherever无论哪里;whichever无论哪一个;however无论怎样。考点归纳引导地点状语从句的从属连词有where,wherever。 Wherever there is smoke,there is a fire.无火不生烟(无风不起浪)。 Lifting off at sunrise,the hot air balloon goes wherever the wind blows.热气球在日出时升腾到空中,随风飘动。 考点6原因状语从句 1I really enjoy listening to music _ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.(xx北京,33)Abecause BbeforeCunless Duntil答案A解析句意为:我真的很喜欢听音乐,因为它有助于我放松,让我忘记一天中的其他忧虑。根据句意可知,句子前后为因果关系,故选A项。2I am not afraid of tomorrow,_ I have seen yesterday and I love today.(xx北京,35)Aso BandCfor Dbut答案C解析句意为:我并不害怕明天。因为我已经历了昨天并热爱今天。根据句意可知,句子前后为因果关系,故选C项。考点归纳1引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because,as,since,now (that),seeing that,considering that等。另外,when也可表示原因。并列连词for加分句也可表示原因,for引导的分句对前面的内容进行补充说明。 Now (that)/Since it is so hot,I guess we cant do anything until after dark.既然天这么热,我想我们只有等天黑之后才能做事。 It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.既然你步行5分钟就能到那里,却打车,真够愚蠢的。 2一些介词短语同样可以表示原因,这样的短语有because of,thanks to,due to,owing to等。考点7目的状语从句 Cathy had quit her job when her son was born _ she could stay home and raise her family.(xx浙江,15)Anow that Bas ifConly if Dso that答案D解析句意为:当儿子出生时凯西辞去了工作以便她能够待在家里照顾家人。now that既然;as if 好像,仿佛;only if只要;so that以便,为了。由关键信息quit her job以及stay home and raise her family可知,stay home and raise her family是前面辞职的目的,故要用so that引导目的状语从句。考点归纳1in order that与so that这两个连词意为“以便,为了”,引导的状语从句中需用情态动词;in order that比so that正式,引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后,而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。 When he goes out,he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody can recognize him.他出门的时候常戴着墨镜,这样的话就没人能认出他了。 2for fear that与in casefor fear that与in case引导的目的状语从句中,一般用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“should动词原形”,should可以省略。 The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.那个男孩藏在树后面,以防他父亲看到他。 Take your raincoat in case it should rain.带上雨衣以防下雨。 考点8where和when引导的状语从句与定语从句的区别1It was the middle of the night _ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.(xx江西,35)Athat Bas Cwhich Dwhen 答案D解析句意为:我父亲叫醒我,告诉我看足球赛的时候是半夜。本句容易错选A项,认为是强调句型。实际上the middle of the night不能单独作时间状语,如果在the middle of the night前面加上in,本题就可以选择A项了。本句中用when引导一个时间状语从句。2I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.(xx湖南,31)Aas Bwhy Cwhen Dwhere答案C解析先行词是the day,关系词在从句中作时间状语,故应用关系副词when。考点归纳where既可以引导定语从句,也可引导状语从句。引导定语从句时,从句前边一定要有一个表示地点(或类似地点)的先行词;同理,when引导定语从句时,从句前边要有表示时间的先行词。Have you been to the island where there is a mountain?你去过那个上面有座山的小岛吗?(定语从句)Please put all these books where they used to be.请把所有这些书放回它们原来在的地方。(状语从句)方法1句意翻译法对于状语从句的解答来说,最重要的一点是能够正确地翻译句子的意思,这样就能够判断出该从句是状语从句中的哪一种,选择也就很容易了。典例1_ they decide which college to go to,students should research the admission procedures.AAs BWhile CUntil DOnce答案D解析句意为:一旦学生们决定了要上哪所大学,他们就应该研究申请此大学的入学程序了。as当时,由于;while当时,尽管;until直到;once一旦。根据句意可知选择D项。典例2Our holiday cost a lot of money.Did it?Well,that doesnt matter _ you enjoyed yourselves.Aas long as BunlessCas soon as Dthough答案A解析句意为:我们这次度假花了很多钱。是吗?哦,没关系,只要你们玩得高兴就行。as long as只要,符合句意。unless除非;as soon as一就;though尽管,虽然。方法2分清句子类型法对于一些试题来说,掌握和分清一些固定的句型结构是很重要的。同时也要注意该从句与其他一些从句的区别,如地点状语从句和定语从句、结果状语从句和定语从句等。典例1John thinks it wont be long _ he is ready for his new job.Awhen Bafter Cbefore Dsince答案C解析所填词引导状语从句,构成It wont be long before.句型,意思是:过不了多久就,选C。典例2Youd better not leave the medicine _ kids can get at it.Aeven if Bwhich Cwhere Dso that答案C解析句意为:你最好不要把药放在孩子们能够得着的地方。本句相当于:Youd better not leave the medicine in the place where kids can get at it.(此处where引导的是定语从句,先行词为the place,这也说明选项B不合适。)强化练(六)1The teacher gave the students such a difficult maths problem _ nobody worked it out.(xx红桥区二模,9)Aas BwhichCso Dthat答案D解析句意为:老师给学生们出了一道如此难的数学题以至于没有人能解出来。such.that.如此以至于,引导结果状语从句。2There are still many problems to be solved _ we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.(xx河西区二模,12)Abefore BonceCafter Duntil答案A解析句意为:在我们准备好长久待在月球上之前,还有许多问题需要解决。before在之前,由语境可知选A。3Its always a good idea to have a second key somewhere _ you lose the first one.(xx北京海淀区二模,35)Ain case Bnow thatCeven though Das long as答案A解析句意为:准备一把备用的钥匙总是个好主意,以防你丢失第一把钥匙。in case意为“以防万一”,引导目的状语从句;now that意为“既然”,引导原因状语从句;even though意为“即使,虽然”,引导让步状语从句;as long as意为“只要”,引导条件状语从句。4Dont look down upon Bob.He has his own advantages.Oh,yes._ others are weak,he is strong.(xx和平区一模,12)ABefore BWhenCWhere DThough答案C解析句意为:不要瞧不起鲍勃。他有自己的优势。哦,是的。在别人弱的地方,他却很强。where意为“在的地方”,引导地点状语从句。5How long do you think _ the puter pany brings out a new product?(xx南开区二模,10)Ait will be before Bwill it be untilCwill it be when Dit will be that答案A解析句意为:你认为这家电脑公司还要多久才能推出新产品?It will be.before.意为“要过多久才;do you think为插入语,后面用陈述语序。6The sky was cloudless,_ the sun was shining.(xx河东区二模,13)Aand BbutCor Dfor答案A解析句意为:天空万里无云,阳光灿烂。分析两个分句之间的关系可知,两个分句之间为顺承关系。7Nobody can go back and start a new beginning,_ anyone can start now and make a new ending.(xx北京东城区二模,35)Afor BandCbut Dso答案C解析句意为:没有人可以回到过去重新开始,但谁都可以从现在开始,创造一个全新的结局。两个分句之间为转折关系,故选but。for(因为)表因果关系;and表并列或顺承关系;so(因此)表因果关系。8_ I say Clancy is a smart boy,he still needs to work hard to achieve his goal.(xx南开区二模,4)AThen BWhenCAs DWhile答案D解析句意为:虽然我说克兰西是一个聪明的男孩,但他仍然需要努力学习,以实现他的目标。while意为“虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句;then意为“然后”,为副词;when主要引导时间状语从句;as引导让步状语从句时需要倒装,故可排除。9When shall we go planting trees in the hill?_ it begins to rain,so they dont need watering.(xx河西区一模,12)AUnless BWhileCTill DNot until答案D解析unless如果不,除非;while虽然,当的时候,然而,趁;till直到;not until直到才。根据“so they dont need watering”可知,我们应该直到开始下雨才上山植树,这样所种的树就不需要浇水了。补充完整后的句子为:We shall not go planting trees in the hill until it begins to rain,so they dont need watering.。故选D。10The rooms,_ small,were pleasant and tidy.(xx天津五校联考一模,11)Abecause BwhenCthough Dwhile答案C解析because因为,引导原因状语从句;when当的时候,引导时间状语从句;though虽然,尽管,引导让步状语从句;while,引导时间状语从句时,意为“当的时候”;作并列连词时,表示对比,意为“然而”。此题设空处的词语用来引导(省略了主语they与系动词are的)让步状语从句,句意为:这些房间虽然小,但是舒适整洁。故选C。11This is a very interesting book.Ill buy it,_.(xx南开区三模,9)Ahow much may it costBno matter how it may costChowever much it may costDwhatever may it cost答案C解析A选项将情态动词may提到了主语的前面,构成了特殊疑问词,故排除;B选项谓语动词cost“花费”后面缺少宾语(how“如何”是副词,无法充当宾语),故排除;D选项情态动词may提到了主语前面,构成了特殊疑问词,故排除。C选项是由however引导的让步状语从句,等同于:no matter how much it may cost,意为“无论它要花多少钱”(注意引导词however与much,即no matter how much是一个整体,不可分拆),符合句意及用法。故选C。12Did you explain it to your boss?He stormed out of the office_ I could get in a word.(xx红桥区一模,14)Asince BwhenCbefore Dafter答案C解析分析句子的意思可知,He stormed out of the office应该发生在I could get in a word之前,所以应该使用before来引导时间状语从句。since意为“自从以来”;when意为“当的时候”,表示从句的动作和主句的动作几乎同时发生;after意为“在之后”。故选C。13The girl thought her boyfriend had bought her a necklace of great value_ in fact it was made of glass.(xx和平区二模,12)Awhen BwhileCthat Das答案B解析in fact说明前后是转折关系,因此使用while“然而”引导。when引导时间状语从句;that引导从句,不充当成分,没有意义;as引导时间和原因状语从句。故选B。14Try _ she might,Sue couldnt get the door open.(xx河东区一模,15)Aif BwhenCsince Das答案D解析as在此意为“虽然,尽管”,引导从句需用倒装语序,即把句中的形容词、副词、名词或者谓语动词提到as前面。故选D。15The university agreed to accept the student _ he didnt have enough money to pay for the school fees.(xx天津一中4月考,12)Aas if Beven ifCso that Din case答案B解析句意为:这所大学同意接受这名学生,即使他没有足够的钱支付学费。as if 好像;even if 即使;so that 为了;in case 以防万一。句意表达的是让步,要用 even if 来连接,故选B。16It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time.(xx南开区三模,12)Asince BbeforeCafter Dwhen答案A解析句意为:我们已经五年没见面了。Its一段时间since.自以来已经一段时间了。17John plays tennis well,_his favorite sport is basketball.(xx河西区一模,12)Aso ByetCor Dfor答案B解析句意为:约翰网球打得好,然而他最喜欢的运动是篮球。由句意可知,选yet表示转折。18How foolish I was!_you have realized that,stop blaming yourself.(xx河东区一模,15)ANow that BUnlessCAlthough DEven if答案A解析句意为:我多么愚蠢呀!既然你已经意识到了就别再责怪自己。now that既然;unless除非;although虽然;even if 即使。根据句意可知选A项。19You can smoke here _ you leave a window open to let the smoke out.(xx和平区一模,4)Aeven though Bso that Cas long as Din case答案C解析句意为:只要你开着窗户散烟,你就可以在这里吸烟。as long as只要,符合句意。even though尽管,即使;so that因此,结果;in case以防,万一。20Between the two generations,it is often not their age,_ their education that causes misunderstanding.Alike Bas Cor Dbut答案D解析句意为:在两代人之间引起误会的原因经常是教育而非年龄。like好像;as因为,当时;or或者;but而是。not.but不是而是,连接的并列成分为转折关系,故选D。
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