2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习专题一语法知识第十二讲介词与介词短语.doc

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习专题一语法知识第十二讲介词与介词短语考点语境词义辨析1Determining where we are _ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.(xx江苏，32)Ain contrast to Bin defense ofCin face of Din relation to答案D解析句意为：通过对比我们周围的环境来确定我们的位置是我们生存的一项重要技能。结合句意可知，这里用in relation to“相对某事物而言”。in contrast to与相比；in defense of保卫，为辩护；in face of面对。2We offer an excellent education to our students._，we expect students to work hard.(xx天津，13)AOn average BAt bestCIn return DAfter all答案C解析句意为：我们向学生提供优质的教育，同时也希望学生努力学习。in return作为报酬，作为回报，符合语境。on average平均来看；at best充其量，至多；after all毕竟，终究。3The dictionary is _：many words have been added to the language since it was published.(xx天津，2)Aout of control Bout of dateCout of sight Dout of reach答案B解析考查“out of名词”型介词短语辨析。句意为：这部词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这门语言已增添了许多单词。out of date过时，符合语境。out of control失控；out of sight看不见；out of reach够不着。4Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _ animals both on land and sea？(xx浙江，3)Aabout BtoCwith Dover答案B解析考查固定搭配。句意为：你听说过是海陆两栖动物栖息地的树吗？be home to为固定搭配，意为“是的栖息地，是的家园”。5Most people work because its unavoidable._，there are some people who actually enjoy work.(xx浙江，10)AAs a result BIn additionCBy contrast DIn conclusion答案C解析句意为：大多数人工作因为这是无法避免的，相比之下，也有一些人确实喜欢工作。根据语境可知，此处表示前后对比。by contrast相比之下，符合语境。as a result结果；in addition另外，此外；in conclusion总之。6Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _ Thomas Edison.(xx江苏，34)Athanks to Bregardless ofCaside from Dbut for答案D解析句意为：如果没有托马斯爱迪生的话，我们现在所受益的许多东西是不会出现的。thanks to幸亏，由于；regardless of不管，不顾；aside from除了，除以外；but for要不是，如果没有的话。由句意知选D项。7This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn you _ that if you smoked here you would be fined.(xx湖北，30)Ain advance Bin detailCin total Din general答案A解析考查“in名词”型短语意义辨析。句意为：这个会议室是“无烟区”。我想提前提醒你，如果你在这里吸烟，你将会被罚款。根据题干中that引导的宾语从句可知，说话者是在“提前”告诉对方这一事实，所以选择in advance。in detail详细地；in total总共；in general一般来说。考点归纳1几组常见的介词短语(1)out of名词out of question毫无疑问；out of the question不可能；out of order次序颠倒；out of sight看不见；out of place不合适；out of pity出于同情；out of curiosity出于好奇(2)in名词 in power掌权；in good condition状态良好；in despair绝望地；in public/secret公开地/秘密地；in tears哭泣；in good/bad repair保养得好/不好；in charge负责，掌管；in a hurry 匆忙 in anger生气；in trouble有困难 (3)in名词介词in case of以防万一；in honor of为了纪念；in favor of支持；in memory of为了纪念；in charge of负责；in terms of从角度；in need of需要；in praise of表扬；in view of鉴于；in return for作为对的回报；in response to对的答复或反应(4)under名词under control受控；under attack遭到攻击；under way在进行中；under discussion在讨论；under consideration在讨论/考虑中 (5)at名词at work在工作；at play在玩耍；at dinner在吃饭；at ease轻松，自由自在；at war 在打仗 (6)on名词on fire着火；on purpose故意地；on duty值日；on the phone在打电话；on leave在休假； on holiday在度假；on a walk在散步；on the rise/fall上升/下降；on sale出售；on show/exhibition展出；on business 出差；on ones way to在去的路上；on a visit/trip/tour出行(7)to ones情感名词to ones surprise令某人惊讶的是；to ones joy使某人高兴的是；to ones disappointment令某人失望的是；to ones delight使某人高兴的是2注意下列短语中介词的用法for nothing不花钱，免费e across the room穿过房间feel like doing sth.想要做某事get paid by the week按周获得报酬be particular about.对苛求、挑剔with satisfaction满意地be second to none不输于任何人；不比任何东西差on ones own独自地in great quantity大量地，大批量in great demand需求量很大take a turn for the better正朝更好的方向发展keep an eye on照看，照料with the help of在的帮助下under the leadership of在的领导下the article in the newspaper报纸上的文章a bird in the tree树上的鸟apples on the tree树上的苹果tickets for the concert音乐会的票in the direction of朝着的方向from the direction of从的方向set an example to sb.给某人树立榜样3下列短语中to 为介词belong to属于date back to追溯到look forward to盼望；期望be addicted to沉溺于be accustomed to习惯于be/get used to doing.习惯于做 be devoted to.致力于 stick to坚持方法1汉语对照法在高考试题中，考查的介词有一大部分是表示方位、范围的，这就涉及到一些表示方位的介词，这时可以根据其汉语意思来解答此类试题。典例1When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California，you will be _ trees that are over 1,000 years old.(xx天津，12)Aamong BagainstCbehind Dbelow答案A解析句意为：当你驾车穿过加利福尼亚的红杉林时，你会置身在那些树龄超过1 000年的树木之间。among在当中，为所围绕，符合语境。against以为背景，衬托；behind在后面；below在下面。典例2Dont you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders?Aacross BoverCabove Dthrough 答案A解析句意为：难道你不觉得这件衬衣肩部太紧了？across the shoulder从肩的一边到另一边。over，above指在上方；through指从事物的内部穿过。典例3Sean has formed the habit of jogging _ the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.Abetween BalongCbelow Dwith 答案B解析句意为：Sean已经养成了每天沿林荫大道慢跑两个小时的习惯。between在两者之间；along沿着；below在下方；with与在一起，用，随着。方法2固定短语法关于介词的固定搭配，在解答试题时，要注意从句子中找出中心词汇，也就是这个词和选项中的词能够构成一个固定搭配，符合句子意思，这样问题就会很快被解决。典例1Many people who live along the coast make a living _ fishing industry.(xx北京，35)Aat BinCon Dby答案B解析句意为：很多住在海边的人们靠渔业为生。“在行业”用介词in。此题容易忽视fishing后的名词industry，以为是靠捕鱼这种方式而错选D项。典例2The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _ influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.(xx浙江，7)Aon Bin Cat Dabout答案B解析句意为：该项研究表明，我们成长的文化环境会影响我们看我们周围的世界的基本过程。in the cultures在的文化中，为固定搭配，故选B。典例3My father warned me _ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.Aby Bon Cfor Dagainst 答案D解析句意为：爸爸警告我不要去西海岸，因为那里挤满了游客。warn sb.against doing sth.warn sb.not to do sth.警告某人不要做某事。方法3利用置入法解决介词短语的相关题目关于介词短语的相关题目，一般采用将介词短语置入句子，并进行逐一翻译的方法。解决此类题目的关键就是平时多积累相关知识，然后读懂题干的含义。典例1That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help._，hes reliable.(xx浙江，6)AOr else BIn shortCBy the way DFor one thing答案B解析句意为：那个年轻人诚实而且善于合作，总是在你需要帮助的时候出现。总之，他是可靠的。or else否则，要不然；in short总之，简言之；by the way顺便说一下；for one thing一方面。 根据句意可知答案为B。典例2I guess weve already talked about this before but Ill ask you again just_.Aby nature Bin returnCin case Dby chance答案C解析句意为：我估计我们以前讨论过此事，不过我再问你一次只是以防(免)我记错了。by nature生来，本来；in return作为报答；in case以防万一，以免；by chance偶然地，意外地。由句意可以看出，in case为最佳答案。典例3_ his being late again，he lost his job and had to stay at home.AOwe to BAs result ofCIn case of DBecause of答案D解析根据句意可知，逗号前应为原因状语，故C项不对；A项应为owing to；B项应为as a result of。故只有D项正确。强化练(十二)1It seems a little ugly to me. _，I think its rather beautiful.(xx红桥区二模，6)AIn other words BOn the other handCOn the contrary DIn a nutshell答案C解析句意为：这对我来说有点难看。恰恰相反，我觉得它相当漂亮。on the contrary(与此)相反，正相反，符合句意。in other words换句话说；on the other hand另一方面；in a nutshell简而言之。2Simply raise your hand，and a taxi appears _.(xx天津十二所重点中学二模，13)Aat no time Bat one timeCin no time Dfor the time being答案C解析句意为：只要你招招手，出租车就会立即出现。in no time马上，立即，符合句意。at no time从未；at one time曾经，一度；for the time being暂时。3Your attitude _ life determines how happy or unhappy you are.(xx北京海淀区一模，23)Atowards Bwith Con Dfor答案A解析句意为：你对生活的态度决定你有多快乐或不快乐。attitude to/towards对的态度。4With the development of economy，our ine has increased _ 10% in less than a year.(xx北京海淀区二模，31)Afor Bby Con Dat答案B解析句意为：随着经济的发展，我们的收入在不到一年的时间里增长了10%。by表示数量的增减程度，符合句意。for为了；on在某方面；at(用于速度、比率等)以，达。5The debate here will be limited in two main respects，_ the time available.(xx和平区一模，4)Ain view of Bin return forCin addition to Din parison with答案A解析句意为：鉴于可用的时间，这里的辩论将限定在两个主要方面。in view of鉴于，由于，符合句意。in return for作为对的回报；in addition to除之外(还有)；in parison with与相比较。6Hopefully，the new method will be effective，helping students to get their career plans _.(xx江苏南京二模，28)Aat hand Bat willCon trial Don track答案D解析句意为：希望这种新方法能有效地帮助学生们实现他们的职业生涯规划。on track步入正轨，做法对头，符合句意。at hand在手边，在附近；at will任意，随意；on trial受审，在试验/测试中。7Bless your heart，I know you didnt break the vase _.Dont cry！(xx南开区一模，14)Aon purpose Bby accidentCon business Dby mistake答案A解析on purpose故意地；by accident偶然地；on business出差；by mistake弄错。由语境“我知道你不是故意的”知A项正确。8He is very tired，so he needs some time _ duty for relaxation and rest.(xx天津一中5月考，8)Athrough BonCwith Doff答案D解析在英语中，on/off duty 分别译为“值日；放工”。句意为：他很累，所以他需要一些下班时间放松和休息。故选D。9Some traditional exercise like jogging，swimming and climbing may help people stay _.(xx河西区二模，13)Ain place Bin orderCin fashion Din shape答案D解析句意为：一些传统的运动，如慢跑、游泳和爬山或许能帮助人们保持健康。in shape处于良好状态，健康，符合句意。in place在适当的位置，准备就绪；in order井然有序；in fashion流行。10Many of us see reading as an investment in ourselves，so its only natural that we want to learn something useful _ our efforts.(xx江苏南京三模，21)Ain view of Bin response toCin parallel with Din return for答案D解析句意为：我们许多人把阅读看作是对自己的一种投资，所以我们想学一些有用的东西来回报我们的努力是很自然的。in return for作为对的回报，符合句意。in view of鉴于；in response to作为对的回应；in parallel with与平行。11_ the consequences of the chemical leaks，the specialists havent given final conclusion before they obtain accurate statistics.(xx天津五校联考，27)AWith regard to BAs a result ofCIn spite of DIn addition to答案A解析 句意为：关于化学泄露所产生的后果，专家在拿到准确的数据之前，还没有给出最后结论。with regard to关于；as a result of由于的结果；in spite of尽管； in addition to除之外。故选A。12I told you to keep the dog _ the bed.I dont want dog hair all over the bedspread.(xx北京西城区二模，33)Aover BalongCtowards Doff答案D解析句意为：我告诉过你让狗离床远点。我不想让床单上到处都是狗毛。keep sb./sth.off sb./sth.使不接近(或不接触、远离)某人/事物。13The magician picked several persons _ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.(xx江苏扬州一模，25)Aby accident Bat randomCat risk Don average答案B解析句意为：魔术师从观众中随意挑选了几个人，请他们帮助他进行表演。by accident偶然；at random随便地；at risk冒险；on average平均。 14He was born in a Chinese immigrant family who made their living _ duck farming and fruit trading.(xx江苏百校联考，23)Aagainst BinCfrom Dfor答案C解析句意为：他出生在一个以养鸭场和水果交易为生的华裔移民家庭。make a living from (doing) sth.make a living by (doing) sth.以(做)某事为生。15Id like several hundred books like this one.We may be _，but I can order some for you within two days.(xx河西区三调，4)Ain store Bout of controlCin short Dout of stock答案D解析句意为：我想要几百本这样的书。我们可能没存货了，但是两天内我可以为你订购一些。out of stock无现货的，符合句意。in store储备着，有货；out of control失控；in short简言之。16He has set us a good example by serving people heart and soul，_ his personal gain and loss.(xx南开区一模，12)Ain terms of Bregardless ofCin favor of Dby means of 答案B解析句意为：他全心全意为人民服务，不计个人得失，为大家树立了好榜样。in terms of就而言；regardless of不管；in favor of支持；by means of通过。根据句意可知选B项。17_ your help，we could not have finished such hard work in time.(xx河北区二模，7)AIn spite of BBut forCThanks to DAs for答案B解析句意为：要不是有你的帮助，我们不可能及时完成这么繁重的任务。but for倘若没有，要不是(常常用于虚拟语气句子中，表示暗含条件)；in spite of尽管，即使；thanks to幸亏，多亏；as for至于。该题易误选C项，用thanks to表示应为“Thanks to your help，we finished such hard work in time.”。18My mums letters really encouraged me _ my illness.(xx北京东城区二模，28)Aover BforCthroughout Dwithin答案C解析句意为：在我生病期间妈妈的信件真的自始至终鼓励着我。throughout自始至终，符合语境。19John accepted the championship award _ the team.(xx和平区一模，14)Ain honour of Bin favour ofCon account of Don behalf of答案D解析句意为：约翰代表球队接受了冠军奖励。on behalf of代表，符合句意。in honour of为了纪念；in favour of支持；on account of因为，由于。20It was obvious that the meeting was concerned _ the housing reform and everyone present was concerned _ their own interests.Awith；with Bwith；forCfor；about Dabout；with答案B解析句意为：很显然，这次会议是有关房屋改革的，每个在场的人都很关心他们自己的利益。be concerned with与有关；be concerned for/about关心，为担忧。故选B。