2019-2020年高考英语中非谓语动词试题的实用技巧.doc

2019-2020年高考英语中非谓语动词试题的实用技巧技巧一 用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式1. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. (xx江西卷)A. trainingB. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained【解析】答案选D。由于被训练进行航空飞行是他被派往那儿的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除A和B。另外，由于“他”与“训练”之间为被动关系，故选D。2. _ this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. (xx广东卷)A. Having madeB. Make C. To makeD. Making【解析】答案选C。由于是表示目的，故要用不定式，句意为：为了要做这块蛋糕，你需要2只鸡蛋、175克糖和175克面粉。技巧二 用于名词后作定语时，使用非谓语动词的原则是：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生；用现在分词，表示动作正在进行；用过去分词，表示动作已经发生，同时表示被动意义1. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in xx. (xx四川卷)A. hold B. holdingC. held D. to be held【解析】答案选D。由于xx年奥运会尚未举行，故要用不定式。2. There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings. (xx上海卷)A. waitedB. to wait C. waiting D. wait【解析】答案选C。由于表示“正在等”，故用现在分词作定语。3. “Things _ never e again!” I couldnt help talking to myself. (xx湖南卷)A. lost B. losing C. to lostD. have lost【解析】答案选A。因things与动词lose之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。注：受the first, the secondthe last修饰的名词或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。如：The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed! (xx全国I)A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving 【解析】答案选C。因为在the first, the second, the third, , the last等结构后习惯上要接不定式作定语，又如：Id be the first to admit I might be wrong. 我愿第一个承认我可能错了。You are the second to make that mistake. 你是第二个犯这错误的人。技巧三 用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词1. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _, and asked myself what I was going to do. (xx湖南卷)A. movedB. moving C. to move D. being moved【解析】答案选B。由于与句子主语I之间为主动关系，且表示当时持续了一会儿，故用现在分词。句意为：当信号灯变绿时，我站在那儿一会儿没动，心想自己该怎么办。2. Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would e to see him soon. (xx四川卷)A. said B. saysC. saying D. to say【解析】答案选C。此处用现在分词表伴随，又如：A card came yesterday saying Sue will arrive tomorrow. 昨天收到的明信片上说，休明天到。Alan received a telegram saying his father was ill. 埃伦收到一封电报，说是他父亲生病了。3. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing. (xx江苏卷)A. sayingB. saidC. to sayD. having said【解析】答案选A。现在分词saying在此表示伴随。4. We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things. (xx全国III)A. thinkingB. thinkC. to thinkD. thought【解析】答案选A。现在分词thinking在此表示伴随。技巧四 用作结果状语时，可用现在分词或不定式，其原则区别是：一般要用现在分词，不定式用作结果状语主要用于某些特定句式中1. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, _ in the natural light during the day. (xx天津卷)A. to letB. letting C. let D. having let【解析】答案选B。此处用现在分词表示结果。又如：It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that place. 大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。2. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. (xx山东卷)A. have reached B. reachingC. to reach D. to be reaching【解析】答案选B。伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，用现在分词作结果状语。注：在enough to do sth, tooto do sth, only to do sth等特定句式中，习惯上要用不定式表示结果。如：1. He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. (xx陕西卷)A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told【解析】答案选B。only to do sth在此表示出人意料的结果。2. He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left. (xx广东卷)A. to find B. finding C. foundD. to have found【解析】答案选A。only to do sth在此表示出人意料的结果。技巧五 凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用现在分词的被动式1. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. (xx浙江卷)A. to be heardB. to have heard C. hearingD. being heard 【解析】答案选A。根据句意，此处指的是“被听见”，故要用被动式，因此可排除B和C。另外，由于“设法被听见”为目的状语，动作在当时尚未发生，故用不定式，即选A。2.The repairs cost a lot, but its money well _. (xx湖北卷)A. to spend B. spentC. being spentD. spending【解析】答案选B。由于money与spend之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。3. Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award, a title _ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. (xx山东卷)A. being given B. is givenC. given D. was given【解析】答案选C。由于title与give之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。技巧六 谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致1. Faced with a bill for $10, 000, _. (xx陕西卷)A. John has taken an extra jobB. the boss has given john an extra jobC. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John 【解析】答案选A。由于(be) faced with的逻辑主语是John，故答案只能选A。2. While watching television, _. (xx全国卷III)A. the door bell rangB. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings【解析】答案选C。因为watching的逻辑主语一定是we，排除选项A和B；又因在hear后作宾补的是省略了to的不定式，所以选项D中的rings是错误的。技巧七 强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或现在分词的完成式）1. _from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. (xx湖北卷)A. Being separatedB. Having separatedC. Having been separated D. To be separated【解析】答案选C。因为Australia与separate是被动关系，且separate发生在谓语动词has之前，所以用现在分词的完成被动式作原因状语。2. The manager, _ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us, left the meeting room. (xx江西卷)A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making【解析】答案选B。因为The manager与make是主动关系，且make发生在谓语left之前，所以用现在分词的完成式作状语，having made相当于who had made的意思。技巧八 对于固定搭配，原则上按搭配习惯处理1. _ with so much trouble, we failed to plete the task on time. (xx四川卷)A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face【解析】答案选A。(be) faced with为固定搭配，其意为“面对”，又如：They are all faced with the same problem. 他们都面临同样的问题。2. _ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. (xx湖南卷)A. DressedB. To dressC. DressingD. Having dressed 【解析】答案选A。(be) dressed in为固定搭配，其意为“穿着”，句中的Dressed in表原因，相当于As he is dressed in的意思。