2019-2020年高考英语二轮专题复习 精品之十 定语从句教案.doc

2019-2020年高考英语二轮专题复习 精品之十 定语从句教案要点概述1.关系代词和关系副词的区别。当先行词是时间或地点时，如何判断用关系副词when, where还是which或that；2.when,where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别；3.“介词+关系代词which/whom”引导的定语从句，关键要找准先行词或定语从句中的谓语动词的固定搭配；4.that, which引导定语从句的区别；5.as引导的定语从句；6.such-as与such-that的区别；the same-as/that的用法；7.the way作先行词时用that/in which引导或省略that或in which；8.that引导的定语从句与同位语从句的区别。考纲要求对于定语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：1.引导限制性定语从句的关系词；2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词；3.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；4.介词+关系代词的用法；5.不定代词/数词+ofwhich/whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断；6.关系词之间的异同现象及选用。教法指引定语从句是高中英语学习的重要语法项目之一，在高考各个题型中都有可能会涉及到。它的结构和用法比较复杂，是高中阶段英语学习的一个重点，也是高考英语常考的一个考点，是历年高考的热点，掌握定语从句对于语言理解和运用具有重要的意义。对定语从句的考查角度较多，分析近几年的高考试题发现：从从句类型上看，考查非限制定语从句，限制性定语从句；从关系词上看，关系代词which，关系副词where，关系副词when均有考查；从介词+关系代词方面，也有涉及。当然不管从那个方面考查，只要弄清定语从句的有关概念就可以“以不变应万变”。因此教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意：1了解有关定语从句的所有语法规则，弄清从句中关系代词和关系副词的区别。2分清及物动词和不及物动词，判断句子结构是否完整，注意句子中逗号的语法作用。3注意先行词的特殊性和关系代词的选择，依据先行词来选择“介词+关系代词”的结构。4. 加强有关定语从句的理解和练习。【知识结构】 定语从句用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。一、关系代词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词句子成分 用于限制从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句 代替人 代替物代替人或物主语 Who which that主语 Whomwhich that宾语 Whose（=of whom） whose（=of which）This is the detective who came from London.The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.The desk whose leg is broken is very old.This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.2.关系代词的用法（1）如果先行词是all，much，anything，something，nothing，everything，little，none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which.例如：All the people that are present burst into tears.（2）如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first，last，any，only，few，mush，no，some，very等词修饰，关系代词常用that，不用which，who，或whom.例如：（3）非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that，作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：There are about seven million people taking part in the election，most of whom、are well educated.（4）which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：He succeeded in the petition，which made his parents very happy.（5）that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。（6）which可作表语，既可指人，以可指物。指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征。品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。（7）如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which；若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who.（8）先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that.例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.（9）如果先行词是anyone，anybody，everyone，everybody，someone，somebody，关系代词应该用 who 或whom，不用which.例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you？3.“介词关系代词”是一个普遍使用的结构（1）“介词关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词关系代词”结构中的介词可以是 in，on，about，from，for，with，to at，of，without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which，不可用that .（2）from where为“介词关系副词”结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如：We stood at the top of the hill，from where we can see the town（3）像listen to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.二、关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示时间。地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。2. that可引导定语从句表示时间。地点或原因That有时可以代替关系副词 when，where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间。地点或原因，在that引导的这种定语从句中，that也可以省去。三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1.二者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词这间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词。关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。2.关系代词和关系副词的选择依据（1） 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分，作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语。宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。3.先行词与定语从句隔离定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如：1）This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about2）He was the only person in this country who was invited四、as在定语从句中的用法1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（1）as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。（2）as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which.例如：The elephants nose is like a snake，as anybody can see.（3）the same- that与 the same -as在意思上是不同的。2.as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面。中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：（1）As is expected，the England team won the football match.（2）The earth runs around the sun，as is known by everyone. 3.as, which的比较1).在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句或句中某个部分，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用They failed in the exam, as/which is natural.She seems a scientist, as/which in fact she is.Grammar is not a set of dead rules, which/as I have said before.2).如从句在主句之前，用asAs we all know, his parents were killed in this war.As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun.3).如关系代词代表主句全句意思，有“正如”“就象”之意时，用asWe won the match, as we had expected.He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected.4). 当先行项被the same, such, so修饰时，用asThis is the same book as you bought yesterday.同类书 (比较：This is the same book that you bought yesterday.同一本书)Dont believe in such men as praise you to your face.I never give my students so difficult a question as no one can work out.5). 当从句内容对主句内容起消极作用，则用whichThe young man cheated his friend out of much money, which was disgraced.6). as 也可以用来引导非限制性定语从句， 用来指待一件事，这时它的位置可以放在句首、句中和句尾。He is an American, as/which we know from his accent.As we know from his accent, he is an American.He, as we know from his accent, is an American.As has been said above, grammar is not a set of dead rules.Grammar, as has been said above, is not a set of rules.Grammar is not a set of dead rules, as/which has been said above. 正如: As everyone knows, as you may still remember, as you said, as I can see, as has been mentioned above, as you may have heard, and etc.专题突破总体做题采用还原法：即把先行词还原到定语从句里边，看一下做什么成分、指人、物；做主语、宾语还是状语等即可突破，具体说：1. 根据句子结构划出定语从句（划完后必须是两个独立的句子）。2. 根据先行词的特点、功能进一步选择。如果先行词在定语从句中主、宾语，则选关系代词。如果先行词在定语从句中做状语，则用关系副词。3. 根据先行词的具体用法进一步选择。随即演练1The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which2 Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others envy him.A. who B. that C. what D. which3 If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.A. that B. which C. when D. where4Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont.A. who ; 不填 B. 不填 ; who C. who ; who D. 不填; 不填5The Beatles, _ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.A. what B. that C. how D. as6. Some pre-school children go to a day care center,_ they learn simple games and songs.A. then B. there C. while D. where7 The book was written in 1946, _ the education system has witnessed great charges. Awhen Bduring which Csince then Dsince when8. The Science Museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. A. which B. what C. that D. where9. Yesterday she sold her car, _ she bought a month ago. A. when B. where C. that D. which 10. By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _appeared a rare rainbow soon. A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which 参考答案和详解：1.【解析】C根据句子意思需选择介词in，从而构成act in the play。关系代词在此是指English play，指物，因此选择in which。注意：如果定语从句谓语动词为介词动词也就是由动词+介词构成的短语，那么介词必须后置，不能与动词拆开置于关系代词前面。2.【解析】D这是一句非限制性定语从句，关系代词指代整个句子Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，且从句中行为动词made是主动语态，因此选择which。3.【解析】D此题答案是。这里的关系副词指代on chairs，指地点，因此选择where。不要误以为chair在句中是做主语或者宾语，在做此类题时一定要结合定语从句要表达的意思，做到“瞻前顾后”。4.【解析】C审明句意：每天和多于两杯咖啡的女性比那些没有改习惯的女性得心脏病的可能性要大得多。 在本题中的who都是引导定语从句，指代人，在定语从句中做主语，所以都不能省略。5.【解析】D本题考查在实际语境中对于非限制性定语从句的应用能力。as引导定语从句，在从句中做remember的宾语，指代的是the Beatles“披头士乐队”。what引导名词性从句，在句中做主语宾语或表语，that引导限制性定语从句， how引导名词性从句。6.【解析】D本题中用where引导定语从句，先行词是a day care center，where在定语从句中做地点状语。注意then和there是副词，不能引导定语从句。While虽然是连词，但是只能用来连接状语从句。7.【解析】D在本题中用since when引导定语从句。因为句中的谓语has witnessed是现在完成时,所以要用since when。when指代上文中的in 1946,表示“这本书是1946年写的,从那以后,教育体制发生了巨大变化”。8.【解析】A本题考查的重点是非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句的先行词指物时，应用which而不用that，the Science Museum 虽然是一个地点名词，但是在本句中的定语从句里做的是宾语而不是地点状语所以不能用where,尤其注意visit是一个及物动词。9.【解析】D本题考查的是非限制性定语从句。题中空格前面主句中的先行词是car，空格后面定语从句的谓语动词bought后面缺一个宾语，只能选用关系代词。A项when和 B项where都是关系副词，可以予以排除，C项that不能用于非限制性定语从句中。故选D。10.【解析】D考查非限制性定语从句的介词which的用法，原句可还原成a rare rainbow appeared above 。根据选项我们已经知道了考查的大方向，就是需要我们找到合适的介词搭配。【学法导航】根据考纲要求，考生在复习备考时要弄清定语从句的先行词与关系词的关系；关系代词、关系副词的选择和运用；限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的用法以及强调句式和同位语从句和定语从句的区别。把握命题规律，一般定语从句的命题热点内容如下： 1.that与which的选用；that与where/when的选用； 2.“介词+which/whom”结构中介词的选用； 3.“介词+which”与when/where间的区别与联系； 4.which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别； 5.“不定代词/数词+ofwhich/whom”与“不定代词/数词+ofthem”的选用； 6.定语从句中的主谓一致现象。 1定语从句可以说是各地高考必然首先考虑的重要考点，在题目设计的过程中，势必会以“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句为热点，以非限制性定语从句为重点，以关系副词where引导的定语从句为难点。 7在疑问句中或倒装句中考查定语从句 8. 通过拆分词组和固定搭配或者添加插入语或状语来考查定语从句做到了以上几点就能轻松拿到2011年定语从句的分数。专题综合1The town _ we visited last month is the one _ the famous painter was born.Awhere; which Bwhich; where Cwhich; that Dwhere; where2We went to Mountain Tai last weekend, _, not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors.A. that B. which C. where D. when3.We hope that the measures to control the stock market, _ are taken by the government, will work.A. that B. where C. which D. what4Many factors influence a student in his/her study, _ I think are out of a teachers control. A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that5 Obama won the election. Its amazing! Yes. But the result was within _ we had expected, _ brought great joy to many young people and the black.A. that; which B. that; that C. what; what D. what; which6Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane.A. where B. which C. while D. why7.It was in the factory _ his friend worked _ he picked up a lot of experience.A. where, where B. that, where C. that, that D. where, that8Today the public is much concerned about the way _ .Anature is being ruined Bwhich nature is ruinedCon which to ruin nature Dof nature to be ruined9Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons cant be the only preparation for all of the situations _ appear in the working world.A. where B. when C. that D. what10Is it the years _ you worked in Africa as a doctor _ have a great effect on your literary works? A. that; where B. that; that C. when; where D. when; that 11. Was it in the waiting room _ only allows mothers-to-be to enter that you lost your wallet? A. / B. where C. that D. when 12 Obama, _ life was once hard when he was young, were elected President of American. A. for whom B. who C. to whom D. / 13 _ has been announced, our government will take more measures to make the falling economics recover as soon as possible.A That B As C It D What14. Lee Yu chun was titled as the top thin beauty in Ansia , _ caused a lot of disagreements in the field of entertainment.A. that B. which C as D it 15 There were so many attractions in Disney Park. After lunch we came to a place, _ stood a big tower. A. which B. that C. / D. where 16 A political advisor suggested giving out red pockets to the whole nation directly to encourage economics，_I believe is of great value. A that B. / C. which D. why17 Is this the website_ you want to have _ into your files to help you learn English? A. who; to add B. that; add C. whom; adding D. that; added18We have heard of many cases _ some citizens ，especially some famous people， have suffered because personal information had been leaked.A. why B. which C. as D. where19 Tony showed me his new cell phone, _ was small but it could change colors in different weather. A. the screen of whom B. whom the screen of C. which the screen of D. the screen of which 20I will never forget the day _ I came to my university and the day _ I spent in a new city. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when参考答案和解析：1.【解析】B注意在第一个空后面的定语从句里的visit是一个及物动词，所以the town在定语从句里做的是visit的宾语，所以第一个空我们可以用that, which或者省略。第二个空的先行词the one指代的还是the town,但是此时the town在定语从句里做的是地点状语，所以要用where来引导定语从句。2.【解析】B这里从总的方面来看考查的非限制性定语从句，我们找到定语从句的先行词，根据空格后面的was crowded with visitors我们可以判断这个定语从句的先行词应该是在山上人有很多而不是指时间，所以不能用when。3.【解析】C本题考查的非限制性定语从句，句子的主干表达的意思是我们希望控制证券市场的措施会生效。那么 are taken by the government就是个定语从句来解释stock market，证券市场在非限制性定语从句中做的是主语，所以不能用where来引导从句。4.【解析】B这个句子尤其要注意区分A和B选项的不同，只要我们注意了标点符号就知道这并不是个并列句，所以不能选A。因为是逗号，说明后面是个非限制性定语从句，这里考查的是介词which的用法，原句可还原成most of the factors 。5.【解析】D第一个空考查的是what引导的名词性从句在句子里做的是within这个介词的宾语，第二个空是由which引导的非限制性定语从句，这里的which指代的是奥巴马当选总统这件事。6.【解析】A句意“他使得自己处于非常危险的境况中，（在这个境况中）他可能失去对飞机的控制”，所选择的关联词应该在定语从句中作地点状语，表示in the situation。注意：where这个词不仅仅可以表地点，某人/物的情况、某事发展的阶段、某事的某个方面都可以用where这个关系副词来表达。7.【解析】D本题是把定语从句放到了强调结构里来考查，第一个空是由where引导的定语从句解释说明the factory，在定语从句里做的是地点状语。第二个空是it was .that强调结构。8.【解析】A这里考查定语从句里的特殊情况就是当先行词是the way的时候，关系代词可以是that, in which或者省略。A选项就是符合第三种情况。9.【解析】C注意在本句里的situation是先行词，在空格后的定语从句里缺少的是主语，而且指的是物，所以该空我们可以用which或者that，但是不管用什么都不能省略。10.【解析】D该题既做到了把定语从句放到疑问句中，又做到了把定语从句放到强调结构里进行考查。第一个空是个定语从句，先行词是the year，when在定语从句里是时间状语；第二个空是it is that强调结构。11.【解析】C在考查定语从句的时候利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择比较常见。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。在这个定语从句中的先行词是room, that在定语从句里做主语。12.【解析】A这是一个非限制性定语从句，还考查到了“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。根据句子意思需选择介词for, 从而构成be hard for Obama. for的宾语是指人，这时就只能用whom。13.【解析】B这是一句非限制性定语从句，关系代词指代整个句子we shall have our final exams next month，且位于句首，因此选择as。在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但注意as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。14.【解析】B在引导非限制性定语从句时，as和which都可以用来指代前面整句所表达的内容。 As在从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的被动语态；如果从句中的行为动词是主动语态，一般用which做主语，所以正确选项应为B。15.【解析】D在本句中为了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊，对于这种情况，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。这里是非限制性定语从句解释前面的the place.16.【解析】C在考查定语从句时会利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入语有：I think （suppose, expect, believe, imagine）, in my opinion, to tell you the truth等。做这类题目时我们可以先删去插入语或状语，找出句子的主干。在该句中先行词是discovery，which是在引导非限制性定语从句，在句子里做主语。17.【解析】D非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一，因而在定语从句中加入非谓语动词会增加考查定语从句的难度。对这类题目最有效的办法就是将句子还原。本句还原后应是：You want to have the website added into your files to help you learn English.先行词是the website, 因为在定语从句里做宾语，所以可以用that, which或者省略，但是第二个空只能用added， 因为还考查到了have something done， 这里是网站被添加到收藏夹。18.【解析】D定语从句的先行词cases在此意为“实例，情况”，根据从句的意思“在这些例子中（情境中）”，先行词在从句中应该担当状语成分，表示in many cases，所以用where 来引导表示地点的定语从句。19.【解析】D从四个选项的设置不难看出是考察介词加关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句。再从先行词watch可看出是指物，可排除A和B。C项中关系代词应放在介词之后，如改为of which the screen或者whose screen也是可以的。 20.【解析】A在本句中两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句。专题强化1. The man _ visited our school yesterday is from London.A. whoB. whichC. whomD. when2. The woman _ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.A. whoseB. whoC. whomD. which3. Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. as4. Do you remember those days _ we spent along the seashore very happily?A. whenB. where C. whichD. who5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera _ he lost last week.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. as6. Those _ want to go please sign their names here.A. whomB. whichC. whoD. when7. Where is the man _ I met this morning? A. whenB. whereC. whichD. who8. Who is the woman _ is sweeping the floor over there? A. whoB. /C. thatD. when9. The man _ you talked just now is a worker.A. whoB. whom C. to whom D. to who10. The man _ you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbour.A. with whom B. whenC. to whom D. which11. The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is talking to himB. whom the nurse is talkingC. the nurse is talking toD. who the nurse is talking12. The man _ around our school is from America.A. which you showedB. you showed himC. you showed D. where you showed13. He talked about a hero _ no one had ever heard.A. of whom B. from whom C. about thatD. who14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions _ were asked in French.A. where B. who C. in whichD. which15. Have you read the book _ I lent to you?A. thatB. whomC. when D. whose16. Finally, the thief handed over everything _ he had stolen to the police.A. that B. which C. whateverD. all17. The foreign guests, _ were government officials, were warmly weled at the airport.A. most of them B. most of that C. most of whom D. most of those18. This is the very letter _came last night.A. whoB. which C. thatD. as19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask _ knows better than I.A. whoever B. whomever C. anyoneD. the one20. This is the school _ we visited three days ago.A. whereB. /C. whenD. what21. This is the factory _ we worked a year ago.A. whereB. that C. whichD. on which22. Nearby were two canoes _ they had e to the island.A. which B. in whichC. thatD. /23. Jack is pleased with _ you have given him and all _ you have told him.A. that, what B. what, that C. which, whatD. that, which24. Do you work near the building _ colour is yellow?A. thatB. which C. its D. whose25. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. whom B. who C. to whomD. form whom26. Is this school _ we visited three years ago?A. the one B. which C. thatD. where27. Is this the school _ we visited three years ago?A. the oneB. where C. in which D. /28, How many students are there in your class _ homes are in the country?A. whoseB. who C. whom D. which29. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.A. itB. which C. that D. he 30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage _ already seven other people.A. when there were B. which there wereC. that there were D. where there were31. I live in the house _ windows face south. A. whichB. whose C. where D. in that32. - What game is popular with them? - The _ most is tennis.A. game they like it B. game they like C. best game they like