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15年高考语法复习系列十,冠 词,冠词考点及复习要点 冠词的考查是当前各地高考考卷中的热点,是我们复习中的重点之一。冠词的考查以固定结构和习惯用语为主,结合考查一些基本规则。所以我们在复习中要注重教材中的语言点的整理,同时对下面的冠词规则也要引起重视。 1、不定冠词的用法比较; 2、定冠词的习惯用法; 3、零冠词的用法; 4、在习惯用语中冠词的用法;,不定冠词的用法 考题点击1 The Wilsons live in _ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _ 17th century cottage. (13浙江) A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a,D,该句意为“威尔逊先生一家住在海边的一幢A型房子里,那是一幢十七世纪的屋子。”两处都表示“一幢“,A-shaped 是元音开头,该用 an;而 seventeenth是辅音开头,所以该用 a。,考题点击2 Mrs. Taylor has _ 8-year-old daughter who has _ gift for paintingshe has won two national prizes. (13浙江卷) Aa; a Ban; the Can; a Dthe; a,C,“Taylor 夫人有一个在绘画方面极有天赋的八岁的女儿,她已经两次获得全国大奖了。” eight 是元音开头,所以该用 an;而后面的 have a gift for为一短语,表示“在 方面有天赋”,故答案为C。,冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(the Definite Article),另一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article),还有一种是零冠词(Zero Article)。 不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源,是“一个”的意思。a用于辅音音素前,而an则用于元音音素前。 1) 表示“一个“,意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。 A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.,2) 代表一类人或物。 A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer. 3) 词组或成语。 a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden,定冠词的用法 考题点击1 As a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid _. (13上海春季) A. by the hour B. by hour C. by an hour D. by hours,A,“按小时付费”,以及其它用来表示“按计算”都需用介词 by 加 the 加单位名词来表示,如:by the day; by the jin; by the pound; by the dozen 。但需注意:size; weight; time; length 等名词并不表示单位,所以不需加 the。,考题点击2 On May 5, 2133, at _World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Hao won the gold medal in mens doubles with _ score of 4: 1. (13江苏卷) A. a; a B. 不填; the C. a; 不填 D. the; a,D,“the World Table Tennis Championship”是由普通名词构成的专有名词,用来表示一个机构名称。这类名词前都要加 the。 “with a score of 4:1” 表示“以4:1的比分”,是一个介词短语结构。,考题点击3 This book tells _ life story of John Smith, who left _ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16. (13辽宁卷) Athe; the Ba; the Cthe; 不填 Da; 不填,C,“这本书讲的是 John Smith 的人生故事”,是特指的,所以必须用 the。 “leave school” 表示“毕业”,不用冠词。类似的用法还有:finish school; in class; at church; go to school 等。,定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有“那(这)个”的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。 1)特指双方都明白的人或物: Take the medicine. 把药吃了。 2)上文提到过的人或事: He bought a house. Ive been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。 3)指世上独一物二的事物: the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth,4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar 美元; the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类 人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。 5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only, very, same等前面: Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。 Thats the very thing Ive been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。 6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体: They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师) They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师),7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位 的名词前: She caught me by the arm 她抓住了我的手臂。 8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团 体、阶级、等专有名词前: the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United States 美国 9)用在表示乐器的名词之前: She plays the piano. 她会弹钢琴。 10) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人: the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇),11) 用在表示“度量衡”之类的名词前: Apples are sold by the pound. 但要注意在 time, weight, length 等名词前不加 the。 12) 用在惯用语中: in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening); the day after tomorrow; the day before yesterday; the next morning; in the sky (water,field,country); in the dark; in the rain; in the distance; in the middle (of); in the end; on the whole; by the way; go to the theatre,零冠词的用法 考题点击1 If you go by _ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get _ fast one. (13全国卷3) Athe; the B不填;a Cthe; a D不填;不填,B,在由介词 by 加表示交通方式的名词短语中,不用冠词。但如果 by 不表示交通方式,而表示地理位置,就需要加冠词了。如:by sea 乘船;by the sea 在海边,考题点击2 It is often said that _ teachers have _ very easy life. ( 13北京卷) A. 不填;不填 B. 不填;a C. the, 不填 D. the, a,B,teachers 是复数名词,用来表示类属,不加冠词。只有在特定范围内的复数名词前才加冠词。“have a life”是一个习惯短语,表示“过着的生活”。,考题点击3 The warmth of _ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _wool used. (13全国) A. the; the B. the;/ C. /; the D. /; /,B,sweater 的保暖性能取决于使用哪一种类型的羊毛。the 加单数名词 sweater 表示一种类型;而羊毛是物质名词,表示类属的物质名词不加冠词。,1)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,Mary; 2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定 冠词; They are teachers. 他们是教师。 3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词; Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母 4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词; Man cannot live without water. 人离开水就无法生存。,5)在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示 时间的名词之前,不加冠词; We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。 6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词; The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。 7)在三餐饭、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加 冠词 如:have breakfast,play chess 但如果三餐饭的名词前有形容词修饰,则需要加 冠词。如:have a big breakfast,8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词; I cant write without pen or pencil. 没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。 9)当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时, 中间无冠词;by bus,by train; 10)有些个体名词不用冠词;如: school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed, table,class,town,church,court 等个体名词,直 接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义; go to hospital 去医院看病 go to the hospital 去医院 (并不一定去看病),11)不用冠词的序数词; a. 序数词前有物主代词 b. 序数词作副词 He came first in the race. c. 在固定词组中 at (the) first, first of all, from first to last 12)在复习过程中注意不带冠词的短语和习惯用语。 13)特别注意加冠词和不加冠词的意义区别。如: go to hospital - go to the hospital at table - at the table in charge of - in the charge of out of question - out of the question,不定冠词的位置 考题点击1 _ role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar. (2013上海春) A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting,D,不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。但位于下列形容词之后: such,what,many,half,如: I have never seen such an animal. Many a man is fit for the job.,考题点击2 We were in _ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. (2013上海) A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rush C. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush,D,当名词前的形容词被副词 as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后: It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. So short a time. Too long a distance.,还需注意下面三个问题: 1、quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。 但当rather,quite 前仍有形容词,不定冠词放其前后均可。如:quite a lot 2、 在as,though 引导的让步状语从句中,当标语为形容词修饰的名词时,不定冠词放形容词后: Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖。 3、当名词被比较级形容词修饰时,不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。,定冠词的位置 考题点击1 He did it _ it took me. (2013北京) A. one-third a time B. one-third time C. the one-third time D. one-third the time,D,定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all, both,double,half,twice,three times等词之后,名词之前。 All the students in the class went out. 班里的所有学生都出去了。,06年高考语法复习系列十,数 词,数词考点及复习要点 虽然数词并不是近几年的考查重点,但我们在复习时还是需要搞清楚以下几个概念: 1、数词的基本用法及比较; 2、数词的位置; 3、倍数词的表达习惯; 4、在习惯用语中数词的用法;,数词的基本用法 考题点击1 It is not rare in _ that people in _ fifties are going to university for further education. (13上海) A. 90s, the B. the 90s, / C. 90s, their D. the 90s, their,D,表示“几十岁”;用 in ones + 数词复数,如: He began to work in his teens. 表示“年代“,用 in +the +数词复数;,数词的基本用法 考题点击2 _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. ( 2013上海) A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are,C,分数和百分数作主语时,关键是看其后的名词来决定其谓语动词的数。该题中的是不可数名词,所以动词需用单数。,数词的基本用法 考题点击3 Americans eat _ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. (2013上海春) A. more than twice B. as twice as many C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many,D,倍数表示法: 主+谓+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. (+ n.) + as I have three times as many as you.,其他用来表示倍数的方法: 主+谓+倍数(分数)+ the size (weight,length) of The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。 2. 主+谓+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ than The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。 3. 主+谓+ junior (senior)+ to He is five years senior to his younger brother.,
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