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Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars,People have always watched the beautiful night sky.Many ancient people of the world closely studied the stars for signs from their gods.The Mayan1 and Aztecs of Central America and Mexico built special tall buildings to observe the stars.The ancient people of Egypt,Greece,Italy,and China also studied the stars.The people who lived on the islands of the Pacific used the stars to find their way across huge areas of ocean. People on the earth today still look to the stars for informationnot about ancient gods,but about the universe.Modern technology has made it possible to see objects in space that are thousands of millions of kilometres away. If you live in the northern hemisphere of the earth,you can search the night sky to the north and find Polaris2.,Ancient people watched Polaris for a long time and discovered that it moves very little.It can always be found in the same place in the northern sky.Ancient people used the Polaris to guide their ships across oceans. In the southern hemisphere of the earth,you can see Alpha and Beta Centauri3 in the night sky.They point the way to the beautiful group of stars called the Southern Cross4.Ancient people used the Southern Cross to guide their ships.,译文 人们常常会观看美丽的夜空。世界上的许多古人曾密切研究星星来判断神的痕迹。中美洲和墨西哥的玛雅人和阿兹台克人建造很高的建筑来观星。埃及、希腊、意大利和中国的古人也研究星象。居住在太平洋岛屿上的人利用星象来寻找穿越海洋的路。 地球上的人今天仍然还看关于星象的信息不是关于古老的神,而是关于宇宙。现代技术使得观看在太空中成千上万的数百万千米远的物体成为可能。 如果你居住在地球的北半球,你可以在向北的夜空中搜寻并找到北极星。 古人观看北极星很长一段时间,发现它移动得很少。它总是可以在北部天空的同一个地方找到。古人利用北极星来引导他们的船只穿越海洋。 在地球的南半球,你可以在夜空中看到半人马座阿尔法和贝塔星。它们指向一群叫做“南十字星座”的美丽的星星。古人利用南十字星座来引导他们的船只。,词海拾贝 1.Mayan maIn adj.玛雅人的,玛雅语的 n.玛雅人,玛雅语 2.Polaris plarIs n.北极星 3.Alpha and Beta Centauri半人马座阿尔法和贝塔星 4.Southern Cross 南十字星座,Section Warming Up,Pre-reading, Reading & Comprehending,一,二,一、词汇新知 1.通过查阅词典,写出下列单词的派生词 (1)religion n.宗教;宗教信仰 adj.宗教的 (2)globe n.球体;地球仪;地球 adj.全球的;总体的;球体的 (3)violent adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的 adv.猛烈地;激烈地 (4)unlike prep.与不同;不像 prep.像;如同 (5)fundamental adj.基本的;基础的 n.基础,religious,global,violently,like,fundament,一,二,2.用所给词组的适当形式填空 lay eggs,give birth to,in ones turn,prevent.from,in time (1)I intended to catch the early train,but I didnt get up . (2)The boy lied that the cock yesterday. (3)Now that I have finished buying,Tom, ,should cook. (4)We should the children playing fire. (5)Now the couples are permitted to two children.,in time,laid eggs,in his turn,prevent from,give birth to,一,二,3.语境考查:预习Reading部分的词汇,完成下列小对话或语段 (1)What do you think of our education (制度)? It needs improving. (2)Did you see the film last night? Yes,I did.It is the most (暴力的) film that I have ever seen. (3)Thank you for your coming to help me (及时). You are welcome. (4)Air pollution is (有害的) to our health. So we should do something to prevent air pollution. (5)Li Mei is an eleven-year-old girl. (不像) other girls,she thinks more about the world around her.She likes the grass and flowers that (生存) in her school.She always tries her best to (阻止) others from hurting them.Li Mei is clever and likes to solve (智力游戏).,system,violent,in time,harmful,Unlike,exist,prevent,puzzles,一,二,二、阅读导学 阅读课文“HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH”,根据课文内容选择正确答案 1.What is the right order according to the text? Animals appeared and spread. The formation of the earth. Plants appeared. Difference between the earth and other planets. A. B. C. D. 2.Why was the earth different from other planets? A.It produced a lot of heat. B.Water remained. C.Water disappeared. D.It was the oldest planet.,B,B,一,二,3.What is the main cause that life was able to develop on the earth but not on other planets? A.The earth had a solid shape. B.The earth did not have harmful gases in its atmosphere. C.Water stayed on the earth but not on other planets. D.The earth was neither too hot nor too cold. 4.Why was it necessary for plants to grow before animals? A.Animals needed plants to protect them from the sun. B.Plants provided oxygen for animals to breathe. C.Animals could hide from hunters in the forest. D.It was easier for plants to grow.,C,B,一,二,5.It can be inferred from the text that . A.after the “Big Bang”,what the dust was to become remained a mystery B.plants appeared before the animals C.the plants multiplied and filled the oceans with oxygen D.plants played an important part in the appearance of the animals,D,1,2,3,4,5,The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.(Page 25) 地球(开始)变得激烈动荡,不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。 violent adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的 A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult(侮辱). 一篇关于中学生暴力的报告表明,大多数学生之间的暴力事件始于相对较小的侮辱。 After violent arguments,they reached an agreement at last. 经过激烈的争论之后,他们最终达成了协议。 Her husband is a violent man. 她的丈夫是一个粗暴的人。,1,2,3,4,5,合作探究 (1)读一读细观察 阅读下列句子,注意黑体词的用法。 There was a violent reaction from the public. Her dress is a violent pink. His heart is beating violently in his breast. Kindness and violence can reproduce themselves. (2)写一写勤总结,猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的; 鲜艳夺目的,猛烈地;激烈地,暴力;暴行,1,2,3,4,5,1,2,3,4,5,Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but,unlike the earth,it had disappeared later.(Page 26) 在火星这些其他行星上也出现了水,但和地球不同的是,这些水后来都消失了。 unlike prep.不像;不同 Daydreams are often very simple and direct,quite unlike sleep dreams,which may be hard to understand. 白日梦经常是简单而直接的,不像睡眠中的梦那样难以理解。 Unlike his brother,he has a strong sense of humour. 和他哥哥不同,他很有幽默感。,1,2,3,4,5,合作探究 (1)读一读细观察 阅读下列句子,注意黑体词的用法。 【高考典句】(2016北京高考)Since then,I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics. He is very ill and unlikely to recover. We are likely to start at 5:00. The twins are so alike that I cant tell which is which. (2)写一写勤总结,像,不大可能的,可能的,相像的,1,2,3,4,5,1,2,3,4,5,What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.(Page 26) 很多科学家相信,由于地球上长期有水存在,使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。 harmful adj. 有害的 【高考典句】(2016全国高考)Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans. 她受欢迎的1962年的书籍沉默的春天让人意识到了污染和化学物质对人类和世界上的湖泊和海洋的有害影响。,1,2,3,4,5,合作探究 (1)读一读细观察 阅读下列句子,注意黑体词的用法。 Fruit juices can be harmful to childrens teeth. The boys didnt mean any harmthey just did it for a lark. Reading in bed will do harm to your eyes. =Reading in bed will do your eyes harm. They killed the harmless old man in cold blood. This is a harmlessly childish game. Cell phone companies have been all too eager to stress their products harmlessness.,1,2,3,4,5,(2)写一写勤总结,对有害,害处;恶意,对有害,无害的;无辜的,无害地,无害,1,2,3,4,5,(3)学一学用句型 句型:There is no harm in doing sth.做某事无害。 There is no harm in talking with him face to face. 和他面对面谈一谈没有害处。,1,2,3,4,5,1,2,3,4,5,They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.(Page 26) 它们也生蛋而且在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。 exist vi. 存在;生存 Few of these monkeys still exist in the wild. 这些猴子野生的已为数不多了。 We cant exist without food and water. 没有食物和水我们是不能生存的。,1,2,3,4,5,合作探究 (1)读一读细观察 阅读下列句子,注意黑体词的用法。 It was impossible for them to exist on the money they earn. Problems also exist in agriculture. The new design will eventually replace all existing models. I was unware of his existence until today. Nobody knows exactly when the earth came into existence. This new method was brought into existence in the fiftieth. This house has been in existence for many years.,1,2,3,4,5,(2)写一写勤总结,靠为生,存在于,现有的;现行的,存在;生存,开始存在;开始成立,使发生/产生,存在,1,2,3,4,5,(3)学一学用句型 句型:There exists/existed.某地有 There existed a man-made miraclethe Old Summer Palace in Beijing. 在北京存在着人类一大奇迹圆明园。,1,2,3,4,5,1,2,3,4,5,These animals were different from all life forms in the past,because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.(Page 26) 哺乳动物不同于以往所有的生命形态,因为它们生出幼仔,用自己的母乳喂养。 give birth to 产生;分娩 The tiger gave birth to a baby tiger last night. 昨天晚上那只老虎产了一个虎仔。 It was the history that gave birth to the social sciences. 对历史的研究孕育了社会科学。,1,2,3,4,5,合作探究 (1)读一读细观察 阅读下列句子,注意birth的用法。 The baby weighed three kilos at birth. 婴儿出生时体重为三千克。 Shes Italian by birth but is now an Australian citizen. 她血统上是意大利人,但现在是澳大利亚公民。 The prince is of noble/good birth. 王子出身高贵。 (2)记一记长知识,1,2,3,4,5,一、单句填空 1.There is a great concern about (violent)among teenagers. 答案:violence 2. is even more important is that you should practise speaking English every day. 答案:What 3.Jack,will you be back in time supper? 答案:for 4.Being addicted to computer games is (harm)to your health and study. 答案:harmful 5.It is impossible (multiply) these bacteria in the laboratory. 答案:to multiply,6.She (lay) the baby down gently on the bed. 答案:laid 7.The poor couple cant exist the money they earn. 答案:on 8.This plan can never be prevented being carried out. 答案:from 9.There was a (puzzle)expression on her face when she heard the question. 答案:puzzled 10.The real meaning of the poem is puzzle. 答案:a,二、用课本中出现的短语完成下列句子 1.To our surprise,his speech (以开始)a popular song. 答案:began with 2.The doctor came (及时)to save the sick man. 答案:in time 3.As is well known to us,smoking (对有害)our health. 答案:is harmful to 4.My grandmother raises hens because they (下蛋). 答案:lay eggs 5.When it is (轮到我),Im too excited to speak. 答案:in my turn,
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