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Section Grammar,一,二,一、阅读下列句子,指出句子中从句的类型 1.We all think (that)she is working very hard and that she will surely go to a very good university. 从句类型: 2.Thats where the battle took place. 从句类型: 3.I dont doubt that he will be against the idea. 从句类型: 4.The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. 从句类型: 5.His suggestion is that we (should) climb all the way to the top of the hill. 从句类型:,宾语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 表语从句,一,二,二、选词填空:that,whether,when,which,whose 1.The question is that man will turn up in time. 2.The reason why he was late was he missed the train by one minute this morning. 3.I dont know brother is a doctor. I hear that Toms brother is a doctor. 4.Can you tell me man is Jacks uncle? 5.He wants to know the train is leaving for Shanghai.,whether,that,whose,which,when,语法图解 名词性从句()宾语从句、表语从句,Grammar:宾语从句和表语从句 一、宾语从句 引导宾语从句的连接词主要有连接代词who,whom,whose,what, which,连接副词when,where,how,why以及连词that,whether,if等。 阅读下列句子,指出句子中的宾语从句。 Make sure(that)all the lights are turned off before you leave. 宾语从句: 答案:(that)all the lights are turned off before you leave 【高考典句】(2016全国高考)They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. 宾语从句: 答案:what the rest of the class would do I know nothing about her except that she lives here. 宾语从句: 答案:that she lives here,注意:动词find,consider,think,feel,believe,make等后有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,代替宾语从句原来的位置,而将真正的宾语从句后置。有些动词(短语),如enjoy,love,like,hate,appreciate,take,hide, insist on,depend on,rely on等引导宾语从句时,习惯上直接在从句前加形式宾语it。,宾语从句考点 (1)wonder,doubt,be sure/certain等后的宾语从句的连接词。 A.wonder意为“对感到惊奇”时,其后宾语从句的连接词用that。当wonder意为“想知道,不知道”时,其后的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句或一般疑问句,要用what,who,whose,which,when,where, why,how,whether/if等连接宾语从句;wonder用在否定句中应该用that来引导宾语从句。,根据汉语意思填空 Do you wonder nobody came? 没人来,你感到奇怪吗? 答案:that I wondered he had been so angry. 我想知道他为什么那么生气。 答案:why We wonder he will come to our party tonight. 我们不知道今晚他是否会来参加我们的晚会。 答案:whether/if I dont wonder youre tired.You have had a busy day. 你累了,这我一点儿不奇怪。你已经忙了一整天了。 答案:that,B.doubt用于否定句或疑问句时,用that引导宾语从句;用于肯定句时,用whether/if引导宾语从句。 单句填空 I dont doubt the band will become more and more popular. 答案:that I doubt he will be fit for the new job. 答案:whether/if,C.be sure/certain用于肯定句或疑问句时,其后用that引导宾语从句;当be sure/certain用于否定句时,其后用whether/if,what,who,whose,where,when,how等引导宾语从句。 根据汉语意思填空 We are sure/certain the country will recover from the earthquake soon. 我们坚信那个国家很快会从地震中恢复过来的。 答案:that Are you sure/certain this plan is practicable? 你能确保这份计划是可行的吗? 答案:that He isnt sure/certain he can get the tickets for the music concert. 他不能肯定是否会弄到音乐会的票。 答案:whether/if,(2)宾语从句的语序:使用陈述语序。 单句改错 I dont care who will you ask for help. 答案:will youyou will Do you know where have they gone? 答案:have theythey have,(3)宾语从句的时态:宾语从句的时态必须与主句相呼应。 A.如果主句是现在时态,那么从句时态不受主句时态的影响,可以根据需要使用任何时态。 B.如果主句是过去时态,那么从句时态一般为表示过去的某种时态。 C.如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理,不管主句用哪种时态,从句都用一般现在时。,单句填空 He says that he (invite)to attend the 100th anniversary of Qinghua University. 他说他已被邀请参加清华大学100周年校庆。 答案:has been invited He said that he (meet)the hostess and had a photo taken with her. 他说他见过那位女主持人并同她一起合过影。 答案:had met Our English teacher told us that a good beginning (be)half done during class. 我们的英语老师在课上告诉我们良好的开端是成功的一半。 答案:is,(4)宾语从句中的否定转移。 在think,believe,suppose,imagine等动词引起的否定性宾语从句里,如果主语是第一人称,往往需要把从句中的否定词转移到主句中去,这种现象叫否定转移。 翻译句子 我认为你不适合这项工作。 翻译 答案:I dont think you are fit for the job. 注意:在发生否定转移的句子中,主句的主语是第一人称时,其反意疑问句的人称及助动词要与从句的人称和动词相对应。 完成下列反意疑问句 I dont think you are right, ? 答案:are you They dont think you are right, ? 答案:do they,(5)关于that的省略。 当宾语从句是陈述句时,由that引导,这时that在宾语从句中无意义,不充当任何成分,常省略。但在以下几种情况下,that一般不可以省略。 A.在介词后引导宾语从句时,that不可省略。 单句填空 Your composition is well written except there are a few spelling mistakes. 你的作文除了几处拼写错误之外写得很好。 答案:that,B.并列连词and连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,只有第一个that可以省略,而后面的that不能省略。 翻译句子 We must never think(that)we are good in everything and that others are good in nothing. 翻译 答案:我们绝不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。 C.主句谓语动词与that之间有插入成分时,that不可省略。 单句填空 He announced,believe it or not, he would never forgive her. 他宣布信不信由你他决不会原谅她。 答案:that,D.宾语从句有其他连词时,that不能省略。 翻译句子 He told me that if it was necessary they would work all night. 翻译 答案:他告诉我,如果必要的话,他们就通宵工作。 E.有it作形式宾语时,宾语补足语之后由that引导的宾语从句不可省略that。 单句填空 We think highly probable that he is dead. 我们认为他很有可能死了。 答案:it,F.that引导的宾语从句中,that之后紧接着有作主语或作定语的this/that时,that不可省略。 翻译句子 He thought that that would be a good chance for him to go to visit the world famous scientist. 翻译 答案:他认为对于他来说那可能是一个探访世界著名科学家的好机会。,(6)某些表示“要求,命令,建议”的动词,如insist,demand,suggest, order,require,request等后,宾语从句用虚拟语气时,其结构为“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。 翻译句子 The experts suggested that the nuclear power station(should)be closed down. 翻译 答案:专家建议关闭那座核电站。,(7)用whether而不用if引导的宾语从句的情况。 A.引导介词的宾语从句时。 单句填空 All depends on it will be fine tomorrow. 答案:whether B.引导的宾语从句后有or not时。 单句填空 We dont know he will come to our wedding or not. 答案:whether,二、表语从句 1.表语从句的辨别 表语从句位于主句中的连系动词之后。常用系动词有:be,keep, remain,stay,lie,stand,seem,appear,look,feel,smell,sound,taste,become, grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run,prove等。 引导表语从句的连接词主要有:连接代词who,whom,whose,what, which;连接副词when,where,how,why及连词that,whether,as if, because等。,阅读下列句子,指出句子中的表语从句。 【高考典句】(2016全国高考)One of his findings was that articles in the science section were more likely to make the list than non-science articles. 表语从句: 答案:that articles in the science section were more likely to make the list than non-science articles Their difficulty is where they can raise enough money. 表语从句: 答案:where they can raise enough money Our doubt is whether he is telling us the truth. 表语从句: 答案:whether he is telling us the truth,2.表语从句考点 (1)引导词的区别选用: A.that仅起连接作用,无意义,在从句中不作任何成分,但通常不能省略。 翻译句子 Her dream is that she will have a chance to visit there next year. 翻译 答案:她的梦想是明年有机会去那儿旅游。,B.wh-疑问词除了起连接作用外,还在从句中充当一定的成分,且各有各的词义。连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose常充当主语、宾语、表语、定语;连接副词when,where,how,why常充当时间、地点、方式或原因状语。 After stepping on the stage of CCTV Spring Festival Gala,the actor is no longer what he used to be. 翻译 答案:登上央视春晚以后,那位演员不再是以前的样子了。 His problem is how to get there. 翻译 答案:他的问题是如何到达那儿。 C.whether起连接作用,意为“是否”,在句中不作任何成分。 I dont know whether she can come to the party this evening. 翻译 答案:我不知道她今晚是否来参加晚会。,D.连词because,as if/as though,as等引导的表语从句。 because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is/was because.”结构中。as if/though引导的表语从句常置于系动词look,seem, sound,be,become等后面,常用虚拟语气,也可用陈述语气;as引导表语从句表示“正如”。,His failure is because he was careless. 翻译 答案:他的失败是因为粗心。 Things were not as they seemed to be. 翻译 答案:情况并不是看起来的那个样子。 It looks as if it is going to snow.(陈述语气) 翻译 答案:看起来天要下雪。 She looks as if she were ten years younger.(虚拟语气) 翻译 答案:她看起来好像年轻了十岁。,(2)当主语是the reason,the result或why引导的主语从句时,常用that引导表语从句,不用because。 完成句子 The reason is I was ill yesterday. 原因是昨天我生病了。 答案:that The result is many of them didnt pass the exam. 结果是他们中很多人考试不及格。 答案:that Why we had to put off the football match is the weather was too bad. 我们之所以不得不推迟这场足球赛,是因为天气太糟糕了。 答案:that,注意:A.在引导表语从句时,whether不能被if替换。 B.thats why.中含有why引导的表语从句,表示“那就是的原因”;the reason why.is that.中why引导的是定语从句,that引导的是表语从句,表示“的原因是”。 C.如果主语是表示建议、命令、要求、计划(suggestion,advice, order,request,proposal,plan)等的名词,那么表语从句应该用虚拟语气,即should后接动词原形,should可以省略。,一、单句填空 1.We suspected it was a trick to get our money. 答案:that 2.Weve offered her the job,but I dont know shell accept it. 答案:if/whether 3.They asked me I had lost weight in such a short time. 答案:how 4.He wanted to know I had done to make his parents so pleased. 答案:what 5.Do you know will go to Shanghai to attend the important meeting? 答案:who,二、单句改错 1.If you feel tired and sick of fat food,that is where you have to go to the hospital for a medical examination. 答案:wherewhen 2.Its good to know what the dogs will be well cared for while were away. 答案:whatthat 3.We are always told to believe in that we do and who we are if we want to succeed. 答案:thatwhat 4.Ill see if I can help you. 答案:ifwhether 5.I never doubt whether he can speak English fluently. 答案:whetherthat,
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