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成才之路 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版 必修1,Nelson Mandelaa modern hero,Unit 5,Section Warming up, Prereading, Reading & Comprehending,Unit 5,.单词速记 1_(n.)质量；品质；性质 2_(adj.)吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的 3_(adj.)慷慨的；大方的 4_(vt.)建立；建设 5_(n.)人类 6_(adj.)法律的；依照法律的 7_(n.)舞台；阶段；时期 8_(vt.& vi.)投票；选举(n.)投票；选票；表决 9_(vt.)进攻；攻击；抨击,quality mean generous found mankind legal stage vote attack,10_(adj.)乐意的；自愿的 11_(adj.)不公正的；不公平的 12active(adj.)积极的；活跃的 _(n.)活动 13self(n.)自我；自身 _(adj.)自私的 _(反)无私的；忘我的 _(adv.)无私地；忘我地 14devote(vt.)献身；专心于 _(adj.)忠实的；深爱的 _(n.)忠实；献身,willing unfair activity selfish selfless selflessly devoted devotion,15peaceful(adj.)和平的；平静的；安宁的 _(n.)和平 16guidance(n.)指导；领导 _(vt.)引导 17hopeful(adj.)怀有希望的；有希望的 _(adj.)绝望的 18equal(adj.)相等的；平等的 _(adv.)平等地；相等地 equality(n.)平等；相等,peace guide hopeless equally,.短语互译 1把奉献于；专心于 _ 2对慷慨 _ 3对感激 _ 4用一种和平的方式 _ 5out of work _ 6as a matter of fact _ 7blow up _ 8be put in prison _ 9in trouble _ 10turn to _,devote.to be generous with be grateful for in a peaceful way 失业 事实上 使充气；爆炸 把投入监狱 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中 求助于；致力于,.完成句子 1第一次见到纳尔逊曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。 The time _was a very difficult period of my life.(关系副词when引导的定语从句) 2那是在1952年，曼德拉是我向其寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。 It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer _ _.(介词关系代词引导的定语从句),3过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。 The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage _. (where引导的定语从句) 4我们被置于这样一个境地：要么被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。 We were put into a position _， or fight the government.(介词关系代词引导的定语从句),5只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。 _answer violence with violence.(only状语置于句首要倒装) 答案：1.when I first met Nelson Mandela 2to whom I went for advice 3where we have almost no rights at all 4in which we had either to accept we were less important 5Only then did we decide to,.课文理解 1Skim the passage and fill in the main idea of the whole passage and each part.,2.Choose the best answers according to the passage. (1)Why did Elias have to leave his education? ABecause his family didnt have enough money for him to continue his education. BBecause Mandela wanted him to work with him. CBecause he had to do more important work. DBecause he needed further education.,(2)How did Nelson Mandela help Elias keep his job? AHe talked with Elias boss. BHe helped him get the correct papers. CHe lent him some money. DHe offered him a job.,(3)Which of the statements about Elias is WRONG? AHe had to leave school for poverty when he was 8. BLack of education, he was poor in reading and writing. CHe worried that he would lose his job because he had little education. DIts hard for him to find a job in a gold mine so he values it much. (4)In Elias eyes, Mandela was _. Asilent and helpful Brich but selfish Ckind and helpful Dpoor but kind,(5)Which of the following is NOT the situation of the black in the early 1960s? AThey had no rights to vote or choose who would rule them. BThey could not get any jobs. CThey lived in the poorest places in South Africa. DThey could not grow food in the places where they lived. 答案：1.(1)helped the black people (2)The life (3)The change (4)did 2(1)(5) ABCCB,.课文内容语法填空 Do you know the former president of South Africa，Nelson Mandela? He fought_1_ the black people and was _2_ prison for thirty years. He helped the black people to get equal rights as the white people.,Elias was a student in a school. Because his family couldnt afford _3_ (pay) the school fees, he had to drop out of school. Then he found a job in a gold mine and he was worried whether he would be _4_ of work. It was during this difficult period of time _5_ he met Nelson Mandela for the first time, who had opened a law firm _6_(advise) poor black people on their problems. At that time, black people had no right _7_(vote) and their life was decided by the whites. Nelson Mandela said to Elias that they were put in a position_8_ they had either to accept they were less important，or fight the government.,So he decided to use _9_(violent). Though Elias didnt like violence，he helped Nelson Mandela blow _10_ government buildings. He knew it was dangerous to do it, but he also knew it was to realize their dream of making black and white people equal. 答案：1.for 2.in 3.to pay 4.out 5.that 6.to advise 7to vote 8.where 9.violence 10.up,1quality n. (1)U，C质量；品质 These are leather goods of high quality. 这些是高质量的皮革制品。 He has many good qualities, but his best quality is his kindness. 他有许多良好的品质，而最好的品质是为人善良。,(2)C，U性质；特征；特质；特色 He shows quality of leadership. 他显示出领导才能。 One quality of this plastic is that it is almost unbreakable. 这种塑料有个特点是不易断裂。 归纳拓展 of good/high quality 质量好的 of quality优质的，素质好的 in quality在质量上,活学活用 语法单句填空 The fridge is _ high quality and is not expensive either. 用quality和quantity的正确形式填空 He drank a small _ of water. Watches made in Shanghai are of high _. 答案：of 考查介词。句意：这台冰箱质量非常好，而且不贵。of high quality质量好的。 quantity quality,2active adj.积极的；活跃的 Although he is nearly 80, he is still very active. 尽管快80岁了，他还是十分活跃。 She takes an active part in school life. 她积极参加学校的活动。 归纳拓展 (1)be active in 在方面积极/活跃 take an active part in. 积极参加 (2)activity n活动 actively adv.积极地,活学活用 完成句子 The girl is _(在方面积极的) organizing all kinds of activities. Though she has difficulty in walking, she _(积极参加) volunteer work. 答案：active in takes an active part in,3mean adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的；刻薄的 She has always been mean with money. 她在花钱方面非常吝啬。 Dont be so mean to your little brother! 别对你弟弟那么刻薄！,归纳拓展 (1)be mean with. 在某方面吝啬 be mean to sb. 对某人刻薄 (2)mean v意味着；打算 mean to do 打算做；有意做 mean doing 意味着 (3)means n方法；途径,Im sorry I hurt you. I didnt mean to. 对不起弄疼你了。我不是故意的。 That would mean wasting a lot of time. 那将意味着浪费很多时间。 Really? I dont mean to waste any time. 是吗？我没打算浪费任何时间。,活学活用 完成句子 I _you this book today, but I forgot. 我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。 Missing this train _another hour. 错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一小时。 _ phone you all week. 整整一星期以来我一直打算给你打电话。,语法单句填空 The manager meant _(tell) the workers that being late for 5 times meant _(leave) the company. 答案：meant to give means waiting for Ive been meaning to to tell; leaving 考查非谓语动词。句意：经理打算告诉工人们，迟到5次意味着离开公司。mean to do打算做；mean doing意味着。,4generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的 She was a warmhearted, generous old lady. 她是一位热心肠的、慷慨的老太太。 It was generous of him to offer to pay for us. 他主动为我们付钱，真是大方。 She is always generous to the kids. 她对小孩子总是很大方。 归纳拓展 It was/is generous of sb. to do 某人做是大方的 be generous to 对大方 be generous with 在某方面大方,活学活用 完成句子 _ you to share your food with me. 你把食物与我分享，真慷慨。 The old gentleman _ the poor. 那位老绅士对穷人非常大方。 答案：It is generous of is quite generous to,5devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于 A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others. 伟人就是将他/她的一生致力于帮助别人的人。 After he graduated, he continued to devote himself to the research. 毕业以后，他继续专心于这项研究。 Her son, whom she is so devoted to, went abroad last year. 她非常疼爱的儿子去年去了国外。,名师点津 devote的宾语可以是oneself, ones life, time, patience, energy等词语。 devote.to和be devoted to中的to均为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。,活学活用 完成句子 She _ homeless children. 她把一生用来帮助无家可归的孩子。 His whole life has been _ the origin of cancer. 他的一生都献给了对癌症起因的研究上。,语法单句填空 The scientist decided to devote his life to _(prevent) pollution from _(happen) again. 答案：devoted her lifetime to helping devoted to studying preventing; happening 考查非谓语动词。句意：这个科学家决定把他的一生致力于防止污染的再次发生。devote ones life to doing sth. 一生都致力于做某事；prevent. from.阻止，from为介词，后面要跟doing。,易混辨析,活学活用 完成句子 The town_ in 1610. 该城镇兴建于1610年。 The town, _， attracts a lot of visitors. 这座城镇建立于1790年，吸引了大量游客。 语法单句填空 Tsinghua University, _(found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.,答案：was founded (which was) founded in 1790 founded 考查非谓语动词。句意：建立于1911年的清华大学是成就大量杰出人物的摇篮。Tsinghua University(清华大学)和found(建立)之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。,7hopeful adj.怀有希望的；有希望的 The fans are all hopeful that the football team will do well this year. 球迷都希望球队今年表现良好。 I feel hopeful of success. 我对成功抱有希望。 归纳拓展 hopefully adv.有希望地 Hopefully, Ill be able to stay at home for three weeks this time. 我这次有望在家待3个月。,活学活用 语法单句填空 (2013浙江，6，改编)If we leave right away, _ (hope) well arrive on time. 答案：hopefully 句意：如果我们马上出发，我们有望能按时到达。修饰整个分句，所以用副词hopefully有希望地。,8vote (1)vt.& vi.投票；选举 Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. 黑人无权投票选举他们的领导。 (2)n.投票；选票；表决 The votes are still being counting. 选票仍在统计中。,归纳拓展 vote for/against 投票赞成/反对 vote on 投票表决 vote to do 表决做某事 If we cannot agree, lets vote on it. 如果我们意见不一致就投票表决吧。 Do you vote for or against her? 你投了她的赞成票还是反对票？,活学活用 用适当的介词填空 I may vote _ her at the next election. 下届选举我可能选她。 I appeal to you to vote _ him. 我想请你投他的反对票。 We are going to vote _ the plan. 我们打算就这一提案进行表决。,Barack Obama was very happy when many supporters voted_ him and he was elected president of the USA again. 奥巴马很高兴很多支持者投了他的赞成票同，他又一次当选美国总统。 答案：for against on for,9attack (1)vt.进攻；攻击；抨击；(疾病等的)侵害 We chose to attack the laws. 我们选择向法律进攻。 The man attacked him with a knife. 那个男人持刀向他行凶。 (2)n.袭击，攻击；(疾病等)侵害 Once again we came under attack from the enemies. 我们又一次遭到敌人的袭击。,归纳拓展 be/come under attack 遭到攻击 a heart attack 心脏病 make an attack on/upon/against进攻；攻击；抨击 under attack受到攻击/袭击 What will you do if you are under attack? Would you like to make an attack on those who attack you? 你受到袭击时会怎么做呢？你会向袭击你的人发起攻击吗？,活学活用 完成句子 The planes _ _ _ _ (对进行袭击) the city. Dont fire unless you are _ _(受到攻击) 答案：made an attack on under attack,They _ at night. 他们决定夜晚进攻。 His remarks _ in the newspaper. 他的言论在报纸上受到抨击。 答案：decided to attack were attacked,10equal adj. 平等的；相等的 It would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. 这有助于实现我们黑人和白人平等的梦想。 Im sure Tom is quite equal to the task. 我认为汤姆完全有能力承担这项任务。 His paintings are without equal in the Western world. 他的画在西方世界首屈一指。,归纳拓展 (1)be equal to sth. in. 与某物在方面相等 be equal to sth./doing sth.胜任某事/做某事 (2)equal n平等的人 without equal 无敌；首屈一指的 (3)equally adv.相等地；同样的 equality n相等；平等,活学活用 完成句子 Sixty minutes _an hour. 六十分钟等于一小时。 Nobody can _ in intelligence. 没有人在智力方面能比得上他。 I dont feel _ the work. 我觉得不能胜任做这项工作。,语法单句填空 They are of _(equal) height, but I think Robert _(equal) the job. 答案：is equals to equal him equal to doing equal; is equal to 句意：他们的身高相同，但我认为罗伯特能胜任这份工作。equal相等的；be equal to胜任某事。,11willing adj. 乐意的；自愿的 Elias was willing to blow up government buildings. 伊莱亚斯愿意去炸毁政府大楼。 How much are they willing to pay? 他们愿意付多少钱？ 归纳拓展 be willing to do sth. 乐意做某事 be unwilling to do sth.不愿意做某事,活学活用 完成句子 I told them I was perfectly _. 我告诉他们，我非常愿意帮忙。 Im perfectly _. 我十分乐意讨论这个问题。 答案：willing to help willing to discuss the problem,12out of work失业 Sadly I did not have one because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work. 糟糕的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我很担心我会失业。 He has been out of work for a year. 他已经失业一年了。,归纳拓展 “outofn.”的短语： out of breath 上气不接下气 out of date过时的 out of order次序颠倒；出故障 out of control失控 out of danger脱离危险,活学活用 完成句子 Many a man _because of the depression. 由于经济萧条，很多人失业了。 _，he hasnt got much money. 由于失去了工作，他没什么钱。,语法填空 Mr. Li is now out _work and it is not easy for him to find a job. 答案：is out of work Being out of work of 句意：李先生现在失业了，对他来说找到一份工作不容易。out of work失业。,13as a matter of fact (1)事实上；其实；说真的 Its a nice place. Weve stayed there ourselves, as a matter of fact. 那个地方不错。其实，我们自己在那儿待过。 (2)(表示不同意)事实上，其实 I thought the work would be difficult. As a matter of fact, its very easy. 我原以为这项工作会很难，事实上却很容易。,名师点津 “事实上，实际上”的多种表达法： in (actual) fact/in truth/actually/in reality,活学活用 语法单句填空 I mistook him for a taxi driver; as_matter of fact, he is the CEO of General Motors. 答案：a 句意：我错把他当出租车司机了，事实上，他是通用汽车公司的总裁。as a matter of fact“事实上”，符合句意。,14blow up充气；爆炸 He is blowing up the balloon for his daughter. 他正在给女儿吹气球。 The soldiers blew up the bridge. 士兵们把桥炸毁了。 I was surprised at the way he blew up at Hardy. 他对着哈迪发火的样子让我很吃惊。,巧学助记 名师点津 We had planned to blow up the bridge but our bombs failed to explode.我们原本计划炸掉大桥，但炸弹没有爆炸。blow up用来指人“(用炸药)炸毁”楼房等物体；explode用于炸弹等“爆炸”或“使(炸弹等)爆炸”。,活学活用 完成句子 The bridge _， so we couldnt get across. 桥被炸毁了，所以我们无法过去。 Can you lend me a pump _ my bicycle tyres? 你能借给我个打气筒给车胎打打气吗？,语法单句填空 He was put into prison because he wanted to blow_ some government buildings. 答案：was blown up to blow up up 句意：他被关进了监狱，因为他想炸毁一些政府的大楼。blow up充气，爆炸。,15in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的困境中 Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in_trouble. 当纳尔逊曼德拉身处困境时，伊莱亚斯去看过他。 归纳拓展 get into trouble (使)陷入困境 have trouble (in)doing sth./with sth.做某事有困难 take the trouble to do sth.不辞劳苦做某事 make trouble制造麻烦 ask for trouble自找麻烦,Even an experienced climber can get into trouble. 哪怕是个有经验的登山者也能陷入困境。 Hes in trouble with the police. 他犯事落入了警察手里。 We should lend a hand to those people in trouble. 我们应该帮助那些处于困境中的人。,巧学助记 Dont trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. 麻烦没找你，你别找麻烦。 第一、四个trouble为动词“麻烦”，第二、三个trouble为名词“麻烦”。,名师点津 “(be)in抽象名词”表示处于某种状态。 be in danger处于危险中 be in peace处于和平状态 be in control在控制下 be in silence在沉默中 be in love在相爱中 be in place在适当位置,活学活用 完成句子 老师每天都不辞辛苦地教他。 The teacher _teach him every day. 如果你再找不到工作，你很快就会陷入困境了。 If you cant find a job, youll soon _. 你无法想象我独自一人完成所有这些工作所遇到的困难。 You cant imagine the trouble _ all the work alone.,语法单句填空 With a local guide _(lead) the way, they had no trouble _(walk) out of the forest. 答案：takes the trouble to get into trouble I had finishing leading; walking 考查非谓语动词。句意：由当地的向导领路，他们很容易地走出了森林。guide和lead之间是主动关系。have no trouble (in)doing sth.做某事没有困难。,16turn to求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向 Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal? 纳尔逊曼德拉为什么要借助于暴力来实现黑人与白人之间的平等？ Their talk turned to the change that had taken place in the city. 他们的话题转到了城市发生的变化上。 Please turn to the police for help when you are in trouble. 有困难请向警察求助。,归纳拓展 turn around/round转身 turn down关小；拒绝 turn in 上交；上缴 turn off关掉 turn up出现，露面；调大 turn out证明是；结果是 turn over翻转,活学活用 用turn的相关短语填空 She didnt _ at the party as she had promised to. It _ that the job was much harder than we had thought. Shes having a lot of trouble with the new computer, but she doesnt know whom to _. He did not fall asleep, _ in bed from time to time. 答案：turn up turned out turn to turning over,17He was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969. 1969年7月，他成为第一位登上月球的人。 句式分析 句中to land.是动词不定式作后置定语，修饰man。,名师点津 当被修饰的名词或代词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, last, only和not a, the等时， 只能用不定式作后置定语。 Believe it or not, I was the last to arrive at school this morning. 信不信由你，今天早晨我是最后一个到校的。 Whats the next thing to do according to the plan? 根据计划，下一步该做什么？,活学活用 语法单句填空 The last one_(arrive) pays the meal. Agreed! 答案：to arrive 考查动词不定式作定语的用法。代词one前有last修饰，故用动词不定式作后置定语。 Chen Xiexia is the first Chinese athlete_(win) the gold medal in Beijing Olympic Games. 答案：to win 因Chinese athlete前有序数词修饰，所以要用不定式作后置定语。句意：陈燮霞是北京奥运会上第一个获得金牌的中国运动员。,(2)see, find, witness等词可用物作主语，以拟人手法增添语言色彩，see可译为“(在某段时期)发生(某情况)，经历，经受”。 Dusk saw the little boy wandering in the street. 黄昏时这个小男孩在街上闲逛。 (3)where引导定语从句，修饰抽象名词stage。,活学活用 仿写句子 这座老房子见证了这个城市的诸多变化。 _ 在计划的初始阶段，我们应该保守秘密。 We should keep secret at the stage _. 答案：The old house saw many changes of this city. where the plan starts,19We were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. 我们被置于这样一个境地：要么被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。 句式分析 (1)这是一个主从复合句，in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词position。 (2)position是一个抽象的地点名词。类似的名词还有case, point, stage, situation等，这些词作先行词时，可用in which或where引导定语从句。,活学活用 语法单句填空 Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently. 答案：where 考查定语从句。句意：把孩子放在一个能从不同角度审视自己的环境中是有帮助的。先行词是situation，定语从句中缺少地点状语，用where引导定语从句。,20We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful. 首先我们用和平的方式来破坏法律。 句式分析 way后面跟的是一个定语从句。way在后面的定语从句中作主语或宾语时，引导词用that或which；作状语时，可用in which或that引导，且引导词可省略。 They dont like the way that/in which Tom did it. 他们不喜欢汤姆处事的方式。 Shape is the primary way that/in which we recognize what an object is. 形状是我们辨别物体的主要方式。,活学活用 语法单句填空 He doesnt like the way _ you treated the girl. 答案：that 句意：他不喜欢你对待这个女孩的方式。当way在从句指方式时，它后面的定语从句中的关系代词常用that，in which或者不填。这里的that不能与which替换。,21Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。 句式分析 only放在句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，要进行部分倒装。将助动词或系动词提前，放在主语之前。,Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in. 只有当他告诉我时，我才意识到他有麻烦了。 Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake. 只有当他说出那个字后他才意识到自己犯了个大错误。 Only here can you find such kind of plant. 只有在这里你才能找到这种植物。,名师点津 only的小陷阱 (1)当only修饰状语从句时，主句部分倒装，被only修饰的状语从句部分不倒装。如例和例中从句不倒装。 (2)only不置于句首不倒装。 (3)当only修饰主语时，则不用倒装。 Only the teachers are allowed to use this room. 只有老师才被允许使用这间教室。,活学活用 完成句子 Only in this way _ the problem on time. 只有这样我们才能按时解决这个问题。 Only when we had studied the data again _ _ that there was a mistake. 只有当我们再次研究了这些数据的时候，我们才意识到出了一个错。,语法单句填空 (2015湖南高考改编)_ after talking to two students did I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals. (2014湖南，29改编)_ when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others. 答案：can we solve did we realize Only 考查倒装。由后面的did I discover可知，此句使用了倒装结构；再结合句意可知填only。 Only,.单词拼写 1He has many good _， such as honesty and modesty. 2Mrs. Brown is over 80 but still_(活跃的) now. 3It was g_of her to give away such a large sum. 4He has d_his whole life to benefiting mankind. 5We stick to the_(原则) that everyone should be treated fairly.,6Under his g_，we finished the work smoothly. 7In that country, people get the v_at the age of 18. 8We shall fight them back if they a_. 9The_(暴力)and bad language in the program shocked many of the viewers. 10Not all men are e_in ability.,答案： 1qualities 译文：他有许多优良品质，例如：诚实、谦虚。 2active 译文：布朗太太已80多岁高龄，但仍很活跃。 3generous 译文：她真是大方，捐了这么一大笔钱。 4devoted 译文：他已把一生献给为人类谋福利的事业。 5principle 译文：我们坚守大家都被公平对待的原则。,6guidance 译文：在他的指导下，我们顺利完成了工作。 7vote 译文：在那个国家，人们十八岁才有选举权。 8attack 译文：如果他们进攻，我们应坚决反击。 9violence 译文：那节目的暴力和粗话使观众震惊不已。 10equal 译文：人们在能力方面是不相同的。,.语法单句填空 1_ when the war was over did the young soldier return to his hometown. 答案：Only 句意：直到战争结束后，这个年轻的战士才得以返回故乡。only与状语从句连用放在句首时，主句采用部分倒装语序。 2Nowadays many school children devote too much time to _(play) computer games. 答案：playing,3I didnt intend to join Tom in attending the coming sports meet. Really？_a matter of fact, Tom is eager to do so. 答案：As 4People in the city voted_the lawyer to be the leader of the committee, for they thought he could give a correct order of the city. 答案：for 考查vote的用法。vote for“投票赞成”；vote against“投票反对”；vote on sth. “投票表决”。,5They are _equal height, but I think Mary is equal _(equal) the job. 答案：of; to 考查equal的用法。of equal height身高相同；be equal to the job“称职”，其中to是介词。 6He was put into prison because he blew_some government buildings in South
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