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Cloning,Unit 2,Section Learning about Language,Unit 2,.词汇过关 1_ n. 宪法，章程 2_ adj. 必须做的，义务的，强制的 3_ vt. 欠；归功于_ 因为，由于 4_ vt. 打扰，打搅近义词：_ 打扰，打断 5_ n假定，设想_ v. 假定，设想 6_ n. 规则，规章,constitution,compulsory,owe,owing (to),bother,interrupt,assumption,assume,regulation,.短语自查 1_ 把归功于 2_ 一定或注定 3_ 麻烦去干某事,owe.to.,be bound to do,bother to do sth,.经典句式 1_ her family, and especially her nephew, her niece Daisy is very honest about her opinions. 与她的家人，尤其是她的侄子相比，她的侄女黛西对自己的观点是非常坦率的。 2However, _ she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists. 但是，后来她染上严重肺病问题又使科学家们感到忧虑。 答案：1.Compared with 2.the problem that,.语法练习 用适当的引导词填空 1The hope_he may recover is not gone yet. 2The fact_you havent enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable. 3The problem_we should continue to do the experiment has been solved. 4I have no idea_he will come back. 5I have no impression_he went home，perhaps by bike. 6Next comes the question_you want to put in the box. 答案：1.that 2.that 3.whether 4.when 5.how 6what,1.owe vt.欠(钱，账，人情等)；把归功于；归功于 Have you paid me back the money you owed me yet? 你欠我的钱还给我了吗？ I owe you an apology for my rudeness last night. 昨天晚上我太粗暴了，应该向你道歉。 I owe it to you that I am still alive. 幸亏有你我现在才仍然活着。 He owes his success to his hard work. 他把自己的成功归功于辛勤的劳动。,知识拓展 owe vt. 欠(钱，账，人情等)；把归功于；归功于 owe sb. sth.owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物 owe sth. to sb./sth. 把某事归功于某人/某物 owe it to sb. that. 把归功于某人 owing to 由于；因为 表示“由于，因为”的短语：thanks to, due to, because of, on account of, as a result of They decided to postpone the trip, owing to the change of the weather. 由于天气变化，他们决定延期启程。,注意：due to一般不位于句首。,活学活用 (1)完成句子 他把他的成功归功于努力工作和实践。 He_ _ _ _hard work and practice. The president_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(把奥运会成功归功于)all the people. _ _ _ _(由于他的努力)，the law was passed.,答案：owed his success to owed the success of the Olympic Games to Owing to his efforts,(2)I_a debt of gratitude to his family so Ill do my best to help them whenever they are in trouble. Aborrow Blend Cowe D. give 答案：C 句意：我感激他一家人，无论他们什么时候遇到麻烦，我都将尽全力帮助他们。owe“欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于”，符合题意。borrow“借入”；lend“借出”；give“给予”。,2bother vt. 打扰；使担忧；使烦恼n. U麻烦；C令人烦恼的事/人 I am sorry to bother you, but can you tell me the time? 对不起，打扰了，请问现在几点？ I dont want to bother him with my problems at the moment. 此刻我不想让他为我的事操心。 Does it bother you that she earns more than you? 她比你挣的钱多，你是不是觉得不自在？ It bothers me to think of her alone in that big house. 想到她孤零零地待在那个大房子里我便坐立不安。,I didnt want to put you to any bother. 我不想给你添乱。 I hope I havent been a bother. 希望我没打扰你。,知识拓展 bother to do sth.费心去做某事 bother about sth.为某事烦恼 bother sb. with sth.为某事麻烦某人 be sorry to bother you, but.很抱歉打扰你一下，但是 put sb. to any bother给某人添乱 without any bother毫不费力地 It bothers sb. that/to do sth.使某人苦恼的是 I didnt want to put you to any bother. 我不想给你添乱。,比较网站 bother, disturb, trouble与annoy 这些动词均有“使人不安或烦恼”之意。 (1)bother指使人烦恼而引起的紧张不安或感到不耐烦。 The problem has been bothering me for weeks. 那问题已经困扰了我几个星期。 (2)disturb较正式用词，多用于被动语态。指使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，是程度较深的烦恼。 Im sorry to disturb you so early. 对不起，我这么早打扰你。,(3)trouble指给人在行动上带来不便或在身心上造成痛苦。 Losing a little money doesnt trouble me. 损失一点钱我并不在意。 (4)annoy强调因被迫忍受令人不快、讨厌的事而失去平静或耐心，多指一时的打扰或恼怒。 His mother was annoyed with him for being so rude to their neighbors. 他母亲因为他对邻居如此粗暴无礼而生他的气。,活学活用 (1)(2013湖南)Around two oclock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat _ us. Abothers Bhad bothered Cwould bother Dbothered 答案：A 考查动词时态。句意：每天晚上大约两点左右，苏就开始说梦话了，这有点打扰我们。根据时间状语 every night可知用一般现在时。,(2)补全句子 他一直没有对我讲真话，这让我很苦恼。 _ _ _ _he hasnt been telling me the truth. 答案：It bothers me that,3assumption n. 假定；设想；承担；担任 make an assumption 假设；认为 on the assumption that. 在假定的情况下 His assumption proved to be correct. 他的假设被证明是对的。 We are working on the assumption that the rate of inflation will not increase next year. 我们在假定明年通货膨胀率不增加的情况下工作。,知识拓展 assume vt. 假定；设想；承担 assume that. 假设 assume office 就职 assume responsibility 承担责任 assume an air/expression of. 装出的样子/表情 assuming that. 假定(作连词用，相当于if) Assuming that it rains, what should we do? 假定下雨了，我们该怎么办？,活学活用 选词填空 (1)The assumption _ the price of meat would go down before the festival was wrong in fact.(that; which) (2)People tend to make _ about you when you have a disability.(assumptions; the assumption) (3)_ we are free next Sunday, what would you like to do？(Assuming that; Assume) 答案：(1)that (2)assumptions (3)Assuming that,be bound to(do)一定或注定(做) Look at the sky. Its bound to rain this afternoon. 看看天空，今天下午一定会下雨。 There are bound to be changes when the new system is introduced. 引进新系统后一定会发生变化。 Youve done so much work that you are bound to pass the exam. 你下了这么大的工夫，你一定会通过这次考试的。,I feel bound to tell you that youre drinking too much. 我觉得有必要跟你说，你喝得太多了。 In a group as big as this, you are bound to have disagreements. 在这么大的一群人中，你一定会遇到不同意见。,知识拓展 be bound to sth. 被束缚于某物；被绑在某物上 be bound to do sth. 一定会；有义务做某事 be bound (for.) 准备(去) be bound up in 热心于；忙于 be bound up with 与有密切关系,活学活用 (1)完成句子 If you read fast every day，you_ _ _(一定)improve your English level. He_ _ _ _ _ _(热衷于收集古董)these days. 答案：are bound to is bound up in collecting antiques,(2)The question is_to come up at the meeting. Abound Bappropriate Cconvenient Dsuitable 答案：A 句意：会上必然要讨论这个问题。be bound to do/be. 表示“一定会；很可能会”。,同位语 一个名词或代词后面有时可以跟一个名词(或起类似作用的其他形式)，对前者进一步说明它指的是谁，是什么等，那么这一部分就叫做同位语。同位语与被它补充说明的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。 它可以是单词、短语或从句。 .同位语的表现形式,新课标语法,1通常用逗号将同位语与其所修饰的先行词隔开， 表示一种普通的同位关系。 This is Mr. Black, director of our hospital. 这是布莱克先生，我们医院的院长。 She is a good teacher, the friend of yours. 她是一位好老师，也是你们的朋友。,2有时也可用破折号或冒号引导同位语。用破折号，停顿较长，对同位语起强调的作用；用冒号，停顿最长，强调的作用更大。 The orphans daily necessitiesclothes, food, etc.are supplied by a kindhearted teacher. 这名孤儿的日常用品衣服、食物等等由一位好心肠的老师提供。 In a sense, nouns can be divided into two kinds: the countable noun and the uncountable noun. 在某种意义上，名词可分为两类：可数名词和不可数名词。,3有时， 同位语之前带有引导词，表示同位成分之间的特殊意义。常见的同位语引导词有as, or, chiefly, especially, for example, for instance, in short, mainly, mostly, namely, that is, in particular, in other words, including, that is to say, such as, say, particularly, what, which, who, when, where, why, how, that, whether等。 Only one person can do the job, namely you. 只有一个人能做这项工作，那就是你。 You can buy fruit here, for example, oranges and bananas. 你可以在这里买水果，例如柑橘和香蕉。,4另外，无需借用任何引导词或标点符号，而将同位语直接置于先行词之后。 I have the honor to introduce Johns sister Jane to you. 我很荣幸地向你介绍简，约翰的妹妹。 Tom gave his friend John a book. 汤姆给了朋友约翰一本书。,.用名词、代词或数词及其短语作同位语 同位语有限制性和非限制性两种，限制性同位语和前面的词关系比较密切，中间不能停顿；非限制性同位语与前面的词关系比较疏散，常用逗号把它们分开，表示略有停顿。 We teachers should be responsible for this.(名词作同位语) 我们老师应该对此负责。 Mr.Robson，our head teacher，is from Canada.(名词作非限制性同位语) 罗布森先生，我们的校长，来自加拿大。,They each put forward a proposal.(代词作同位语) 他们每个人提出了一个建议。 You may leave it to us two.(数词作同位语) 你可以把它留给我们两个。 注意：多数的同位语都属于限制性同位语。,.同位语从句 1同位语从句跟在一个名词后，对其作进一步解释；能跟同位语从句的名词常见的有：announcement，belief, discovery，doubt, excuse, fact，fear，hope，idea, knowledge，news, order, promise, problem, proof, proposal, possibility, question, reply, remark, reason, report，rumour，story, suggestion, thought, truth 等。引导同位语从句的连词最常用的是that，除此之外还有how, when, where, why, whether等。,The announcement that a new airport was to be built nearby aroused immediate opposition. 说要在附近建造新机场的通告马上引起了反对。 The suggestion that shops should open on Sundays led to a heated discussion. 关于商店星期日也应该营业的提议，引起了激烈的争论。,2为了保持句子平衡，同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面。 The story goes that William Tell killed the tyrant with an arrow. 传说威廉泰尔用箭射死了暴君。 Suddenly the thought came to me that he could go blind. 突然我有一种顾虑：他可能会瞎。,3在表示建议、命令、请求、主张、目的、愿望等名词后面的同位语从句中，谓语动词必须采用虚拟语气结构，即：(should)V. He gave orders that the work(should)be started immediately. 他发出指示要立即开始工作。 Her suggestion is that we(should)give up the plan. 她建议我们应该放弃这个计划。,.同位语从句和定语从句的差异 1定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中担任某个成分(主语或宾语)，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。 Have you forgotten about that money(that)I lent you last week? 你忘了上星期我借给你的钱了吧？(定语从句) The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能是玛丽生病了。(同位语从句),2定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述先行词的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。 The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. 他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。(定语从句) The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. 汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。(同位语从句),高考链接 1(2014重庆)Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? Yeah, but I have no idea _ he did it; thats one of his favorite universities. Awhen Bwhy Cthat Dhow 答案：B 本题考查同位语从句。句意：麦克昨天拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取，是真的吗？是的，但是我不清楚他为什么这么做，耶鲁大学是他喜欢的大学之一。why引导的从句作idea的同位语，由句意可知表示原因，故B项正确。,2(2013浙江)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field. Ahow Bthat Cwhich Dwhether 答案：B 本题考查同位语从句的引导词。句意：高层次的成功的唯一方法就是要相信在体育运动方面你比任何人都要强。分析结构可知，此处 belief后接了同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，用that引导，所以正确答案为B。,3(2012重庆)Evidence has been found through years of study _ childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. A. why B. how C. whether D. that 答案：D 考查名词性从句。空格后的同位语从句句意完整，故用that引导。,4(2012江苏)The notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed. Awhen Bthat Cwhether Dhow 答案：B 考查名词性从句。空格后面的句子说明了notice的具体内容，是同位语从句；从句语意完整， 故用that引导。,.用适当的连接词填空 1I have no idea_he will come back. 2The question_we need more time to do the work has not been discussed. 3We express the hope_they will come to visit China again. 4The news_they won the match is true. 5The news_you told us yesterday is true. 6Information has been put forward_more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.,答案：1.when 2.whether 3.that 4.that 5.that/which/ 6.that,.把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句 1Two fifths of all girls in America are on a et The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot. _ _ 2The Queen of England was on a fourday visit in China. We heard the news last night. _ _,3Teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online.Many Chinese parents hold the view. _ _ 4Time travel is possible. We have no scientific proof of the idea. _ _,5Students should be given more free time. The suggestion is welcomed by many people. _ _ 6Will the sports meeting be held on time? The question will be discussed tomorrow. _ _,7The headmaster will join us in hiking this Sunday. We are glad at the news. _ _ 8Where are we going for the holiday? Have you thought about the question? _ _,9A new teacher will teach us English next term. The message reached me yesterday. _ _ 10How did the accident come about? The driver refused to answer the policemans question. _ _,答案：1.The fact that two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot. 2We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a fourday visit in China. 3Many Chinese parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online. 4We have no scientific proof of the idea that time travel is possible. 5The suggestion that students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people.,6The question whether the sports meeting will be held on time will be discussed tomorrow. 7We are glad at the news that the headmaster will join us in hiking this Sunday. 8Have you thought about the question where we are going for the holiday? 9The message that a new teacher will teach us English next term reached me yesterday. 10The driver refused to answer the policemans question how the accident came about.,
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