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A land of diversity,Unit 1,Section Using Language,Unit 1,.词汇过关 1_(vt.) 指出；表明；暗示_(n.) 指示，标志_(n.) 指示物(器)；指示者 2_(n.) 行李(同义词)_行李 3_(adj.)显而易见的；显然的；表面上的_(adv.) 4_(v.)申请；使用_(n.)申请人 5_(n.)处罚，惩罚_(vt.) 惩罚 6_(n.)正义；公平_(adj.)正义的；公正的；合理的,indicate,indication,indicator,luggage,baggage,apparent,apparently,apply,applicant,punishment,punish,justice,just,7_(v.)改革；革新_(n.)改革家 8_(n.)(公车)售票员；列车员；(车队)指挥_(v.)指导，指挥；管理 9occur (vi.)发生；出现_ (同义词或短语) 10slip (vi.) 滑动，滑行_/_(过去式，过去分词)(n.) 滑动，滑倒,reform,reformist,conductor,conduct,take place/happen/come about,slipped,slipped,.短语自查 1be shaped like_ 2draw/make a distinction_ 3a good/great many_ 4apply for_ 5reform the system_ 6背靠背_ 7做评论_ 8与合作或一起工作_ 9用线画出范围；标出界线_ 10包括；吸收；理解；欺骗_,形状像,区分,许多；很多,申请；请示得到,改革体制,back to back,make a comment,team up with,mark out,take in,.经典句式 1_ a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car. 同饭店里的一对夫妻(彼得和泰莉)做伴，一起租了一辆小汽车。 2Theres a fascinating drive _ for tourists. 有一种专为旅游者选定的驾车游活动。,.语篇理解 Fill in the blanks according to the text GEORGES DIARY 12TH14TH JUNE. GEORGES DIARY 12TH14TH JUNE,答案：1.Bus 2.San Francisco Bay 3.Fishermans Wharf 4.Exhausted 5.79km roundtrip 6.Chinatown 7.museum 8.Ferry 9.Angel Island 10.the Golden Gate Bridge 11.Thoughtful,1.apparently adv.看来；显然；显然地；显而易见地 Apparently，they are getting married soon. 很显然，他们要结婚了。 I thought he had found a new job，but apparently he hasnt. 我原以为他找到了新工作，但显然还没有。 知识拓展 apparent adj. 显然的；显而易见的；表面上的 It is apparent that he knew nothing about how to repair cars. 很明显，他对怎样修理小汽车一窍不通。,活学活用 It is quite_that he has no intention of changing his mind. Acentral Bapparent Cmajor Dessential 答案：B apparent意思是“显而易见的”；It is quite apparent that“是显而易见的”。A选项central意思是“中心的”；C选项major意思为“主要的”；D项essential意思为“基本的”。句意为“显而易见，他不打算改变自己的主意。”,2slip v滑落；滑倒；悄悄疾行；溜；滑动；滑行 n滑倒；差错；滑动 As he ran up the stairs，his foot slipped and he fell. 他上楼梯时脚一滑摔倒了。 The thief slipped out by the back door. 那个小偷从后门溜走了。 One slip and you could fall to your injury. 滑倒一下你可能就会摔伤。 He recited the whole poem without a single slip. 他准确无误地背完了整首诗。,知识拓展 slip out 无意说出 slip up 疏忽；不小心出错 a slip of the tongue口误,活学活用 (1)Boys and girls，dont throw watermelon skins about！Others might_over them and fall down. Arun Bslip Chunt Dcry 答案：B 句意：孩子们，不要到处乱扔西瓜皮！别人踩上会滑倒摔跤的。slip“滑动；滑行；摔跤”，符合题意。run“跑”；hunt“打猎”；cry“哭”。,(2)补全句子 抱歉我说了那件事，只是无意中说出的。 Im sorry I said that.It just_ _. 答案：slipped out,3hire；vt. 租用；雇用；n. 租用；租金 Can I hire the car for three days? 我能租这辆汽车用三天吗？ The cost includes the hire of the hall. 费用包括礼堂租金。,知识拓展 let out sth. on hire 出租某物 be in the hire of sb. 为某人所雇用 work for hire 当雇工 a hired farmhand 雇农 For Hire 空车(出租车的标示) for/on hire 出租,比较网站 hire, employ与rent,She hasnt been employed (has not had a job) for six months now. 她现在已半年没有工作了。 Is that your own computer, or do you rent it? 这电脑是你自己的，还是租来的？,活学活用 (1)完成句子 他父亲雇了一个园艺师种花。 His father_a gardener to plant flowers. 我哥哥经常在夏天租船去钓鱼。 During the summer，my brother often_a boat and goes fishing. 答案：hired hires,(2)It is said that the headmistress_three months ago will soon_. Ahired; fired Bdismissed; be fired Chired; be fired Dhiring; be dismissed 答案：C 句意：据说三个月前受聘的那位女校长很快就要被解雇。hire表示“雇用”；fire表示“解雇”；dismiss表示“开除”。第一个空是过去分词作定语表示被动，第二个空用被动语态表示被解雇。,4authority n. 权威；权力；当局；官方 He is an authority on English. 他是英语方面的权威。 You dont have any authority for entering this house. Its private. 你们没有权力进入这所房子，这是住宅。 The authorities have taken measures to protect the trees. 当局已经采取措施保护这些树。,知识拓展 abuse ones authority 滥用职权 be an authority on 在方面是权威 by the authority of 蒙的许可 have authority over 对有权力 in authority 权力；当权(地位),活学活用 补全句子 (1)家长对他们的孩子具有法律权益。 Parents_legal_ _their children. (2)这里谁管事？ Who is _ _here? (3)他是法国文学方面的权威。 He is_ _ _French literature. (4)他们无权封闭河道。 They_ _ _ _close the canal.,答案：(1)have；authority over (2)in authority (3)an authority on (4)have no authority to,5reform vt.& vi.改革；革新；改造 nC，U改革；改造；改良 Theyve reformed the education system to fit in with the new situation. 他们改革了教育制度，以适应新的形势。 The reform in teaching methods is warmly welcomed by students. 教学方法的改革受到了学生们的热烈欢迎。,知识拓展 reform the healthcare system 改革医疗保健制度 reform oneself 改过自新 education reform 教育改革 a reform in teaching methods 教学方法的改革,活学活用 补全句子 我尽量使他改过自新，但是徒劳无功。 I tried_ _ _，but in vain. 答案：to reform him,6grasp vt.抓住；领会 n(常用单数)紧抓；领会；能力所及 Make sure you grasp the rope with both hands. 一定要用双手抓紧绳索。 They failed to grasp the full significance of his remarks. 他们没有领会他的话的全部意义。 She grasped at his coat as he rushed past her. 他从她身边冲过去时，她使劲抓住了他的上衣。 Peace was not completely beyond his grasp. 和平并非完全是他力所不及的事。,知识拓展 (1)grasp sb. by the shoulders/arm/hand 抓住某人的肩膀/胳膊/手 grasp a chance/an opportunity抓住机会 grasp at sth.尽力抓住 (2)have a good/poor grasp of.对理解得很好/差 within ones grasp 为某人力所能及的；为某人所能理解的 beyond ones graspbeyond the grasp of sb. 为某人所不能理解的；为某人力所不及的,活学活用 (1)补全句子 如果想成功，我们必须抓住每一个机会。 We must_ _ _if we are to succeed. 看来你对这个题目理解得很透彻。 You seem to_ _ _ _ _the subject. 答案：grasp every opportunity have a good grasp of,(2)Have you passed the English exam? Well，success is _my grasp. Awithin Bat Caround Don 答案：A 句意：你这次英语考试及格了吗？噢，成功在我的掌控之中(即考试及格了)。within ones grasp在某人的控制之中。,7nowhere adv.无处；到处都无 This animal is found in Australia，and nowhere else. 这种动物生长在澳大利亚，别处没有。 知识拓展 get/go nowhere毫无进展 nowhere to be found/seen哪儿也找不到/看不到 nowhere in sight不可能看见 get sb.nowhere(让某人)毫无进展,活学活用 完成句子 (1)上星期六他什么地方都没去。 He went_last Saturday. (2)我们就此事讨论了一上午，结果毫无进展。 We discussed it all morning but_ _. (3)如果你事事都为你儿子去做，就会让他毫无进展。 If you do everything for your son，youll_ _ _. 答案：(1)nowhere (2)got/went nowhere (3)get him nowhere,1.team up with 与合作或一起工作 They team up with another family to rent a house. 他们与另一家合租一所房子。 The two companies have teamed up to produce new software. 两家公司联手生产新软件。 He teamed up with a friend and set up a trade business. 他与一个朋友联合， 做起了买卖。,知识拓展 cooperate with 与合作 If you can cooperate with each other, everything should run smoothly. 如果你们能互相配合，一切都会顺利的。,活学活用 (1)He preferred to go into business alone rather than to_anyone else. Ateam up with Bcatch up with Cfit in with Dput up with 答案：A 句意：他情愿独自经商，而不愿与人合伙。team up (with sb.) 表示“合作；(与某人)结成一队”。,(2)Mr Wang is a kind and warmhearted man, with whom we all like to_. Ateam up Bcatch up Cput up Dcome up 答案：A 句意：王先生善良、热心，我们都喜欢和他合作。team up with“与合作或一起工作”，符合题意。catch up with“赶上”；put up with“容忍”；come up with“想出”。,2mark out画线；标出的界限；选出；选定 A volleyball court had been marked out on the grass. 排球场已经在草坪上画了出来。 Who will be marked out for this intensive training? 谁将被选定参加这期强化训练？,知识拓展 mark down记下；(商品)减价；给低分 mark for life留下终生的伤痕 mark off划出(界限，范围)；划分开 mark up提高；标记 mark with以为标记；以表明 make a mark做记号 Just a moment.Let me mark down your name and address. 等一下，让我把你的姓名和地址记下来。 Gas has been marked up recently. 最近汽油已涨价。,活学活用 (1)补全句子 城市的很多街道已被标出来要拓宽。 Many streets in this city have been_ _for extension. 他的三幅画已被选定供展览。 Three of his paintings_ _ _ _for exhibition. 答案：marked out have been marked out,(2)The children went out together and_a tennis court on the lawn. Amarked out Bmarked up Cmarked off Dmarked down 答案：A 句意：孩子们一起出去了，在草坪上画了个网球场。mark out“画出界线”，mark up“提价，加价”；mark off“划线分隔”；mark down“减价，打价”，故A项符合题意。,3take in (1)包括；囊括；包含 You can also take in some of the notable architectural monuments. 你也可以将一些著名的纪念性建筑包括在参观的项目中。 (2)欺骗；蒙骗 Dont be taken in by his charmhes ruthless. 不要被他那迷人的风度所蒙蔽，其实他冷酷无情。,(3)理解；领会；记住 I couldnt take in the meaning of the word. 我不能够理解这个词的含义。 (4)吸入，吞入(体内) Fish take in oxygen through their gills. 鱼用鳃吸取氧气。,知识拓展 take down取下；记下；拆卸 take on开始雇用；呈现；受欢迎 take back收回；使回想起 take off脱下；起飞；开始成功 take for认为；误认为 take.as.把理解为/当作 take over接管；接任 take out带出去 take apart拆开 take up占据；开始做,活学活用 (1)(2013辽宁)Briggs will _ as general manager when Mitchell retires. Aget away Btake over Cset off Drun out 答案：B 考查动词短语的用法。句意：Mitchell退休后，Briggs将会接管当总经理。get away离开；take over 接管；set off动身，引爆；run out用光。故B项为正确答案。,(2)Once they are out on the street, the cars will_air and replace it with poison gases. Abring in Btake in Cget in Dturn in 答案：B 句意：汽车一旦出厂开到大街上，就会吸进空气，排出有毒气体。take in表示“吸入，吞入(体内)”。,(3)完成句子 变色龙可以变成周围环境的颜色。 The chameleon can_ _the colours of its background. 给我开了一些止痛药片。 I was given some pills to_ _the pain. 答案：take on take away,4a great/good many许多；很多 Today a great many students were absent. 今天有不少学生缺席。 A great many problems have arisen. 许多问题已经出现了。 A great many of us dont like speaking English in class. 我们当中许多人不喜欢在课堂上讲英语 A great many of the guests joined the picnic in the courtyard. 许多客人加入到院子里的野餐,注意：a great many后一般不用of，但后接代词或所修饰的名词前有定冠词the，后接指示代词these，those，物主代词my，their等时，需接of。,知识拓展 “许多”的表达法：,(4)large amounts of不可数名词复数谓语 (5)masses/quantities of可数名词复数/不可数名词复数谓语,活学活用 选词填空 (1)The song has been sung by_students. (2)I am in a position to save you_time. (3)_the students come from Shanghai. 答案：(1)a great many (2)a great deal of (3)A good many of,1.Apparently hed been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a trams brakes failed, the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it. 他曾经目睹了一起可怕的交通事故：一辆轨道车刹车失灵，售票员控制不了局面，这辆轨道车连同拉车的马一起从山上滑了下来，很明显这让他感到震惊。,(1)本句的主句是apparently hed been shocked。when引导时间状语从句，该从句含有in which引导的定语从句，修饰accident。in which引导的定语从句中又有三个并列分句：a trams brakes failed, the conductor could not control the situation和the tram slipped down the hill。 (2)现在分词短语dragging the horses with it在此作伴随状语。现在分词(短语)在句中作状语还可表示时间、条件、原因、方式、结果等，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。 She greeted me, smiling. 她笑着与我打招呼。 He left, saying nothing. 他什么也没说就离开了。,巧学助记 现在分词(短语)与其逻辑主语是主谓关系；过去分词(短语)与其逻辑主语是动宾关系。 Not having enough hands, we turned to them for help. 由于没有足够的人手，我们向他们寻求帮助。 Taught by the teacher, they had made great progress. 在老师的教导下，他们取得了很大的进步。,活学活用 _ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice. ANot knowing BKnowing not CNot known DKnowing 答案：A 本题考查非谓语动词的用法。本题中know与其逻辑主语之间的关系为主谓关系，not 否定分词时要放于其前面，故选A项。,2Their miserable stay seemed to be punishment rather than justice and freedom to them. 悲惨的境遇对他们来说似乎是一种惩罚而谈不上公正和自由。 rather than 表示“而不是”，是一个并列连词，常用于“平行结构”中，它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。 (1)连接两个名词或代词 He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。,(2)连接两个形容词 The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。 (3)连接两个介词短语 We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall. 我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。 (4)连接两个动名词 She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。,(5)连接两个不定式 I decided to write rather than(to)telephone. 我决定写信而不打电话。 Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price. 他唯恐蔬菜烂掉，把它们以半价卖掉了。(注：rather than 后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。) (6)连接两个动词 He ran rather than walked. 他是跑来的，而不是走来的。,(7)连接两个分句 We should help him rather than he should help us. 是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。 知识拓展 would do.rather than do./would rather do.than do.宁愿做而不愿做 prefer to do.rather than do.更愿意做而不愿做,活学活用 (1)翻译句子 她宁愿死也不愿背叛国家。 _ 我更愿意在家呆着，不想去购物。 _ 答案：She would die rather than betray her country. (She would rather die than betray her country. ) I prefer to stay at home rather than go shopping.,(2)You seemed to be impressed by his skill. Not exactly. It was his courage_his skill that really impressed me. Arather than Bas well as Cbut also Dtogether with 答案：A 句意：“你好像对他的技能印象深刻。”“不完全是，是他的勇气而非技能真正使我印象深刻。”rather than“而不是”，符合题意。as well as和together with都有“和；也”的意思，而but also常和not only搭配使用。,写作指导 本单元的写作任务是学会描写某一地方的短文，此类写作多属说明文。因此应注意说明文的特点，应按照一定的顺序来写。首先对其进行总体介绍，然后依次描写其位置、面积、周边环境、交通、人口、历史、特色等，最后进行结尾。,单 元 写 作,常用词汇 1位置(location)： 1)lies in/to/on. 2)There lies. 3)is located/situated in 4) stretches along. 5)at the foot of,2面积(area)： 1) covers an area of. 2) takes up. 3)has an area of. 4)with an area of. 5)the size of our city is. 3周边环境(surroundings)： 1) faces 2) surrounded by. 3)There stands.,4交通(transportation)： 1)It is very convenient for. 2)The best/nearest way to. is. 3)It takes. to take a taxi fromto. 4)It is only a few bus stops from. It is within easy reach，not far from highway.,5人口(population)： 1)has a population of. 2)with a population of. 3)The population of. is. 4)Forty percent of the population are. 5)There are. 6历史(history)： 1)has a history of. 2)with a history of. 3)has witnessed too much.in history 4)old village for.years,7名胜(places of interest)： 1)is rich in 2)is known as. 3)is famous for. 4)is home to. 5) attracts. 6) is a feast for the mind as well as the eyes.,8特色(something special)： 1) The place is famous for. 2)The special character of the place is. 3)Something special of the place is. 4)be native to./a native of.,话题导入 假设你是李华，是西安某宾馆的接待员。有一批外国游客刚刚抵达。请你用英语向他们简要介绍一下西安的情况。主要内容包括：,注意：1.词数：100120。,2可根据内容要点适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 _ _ _ _ _ _ _,写作词汇热身 1排行，等级_ 2拥有人口_ 3名胜古迹_ 4从角度讲_,写作表达练习 1在中国整个历史中，有13个王朝曾把西安当作首都。 _ _ 2西安是拥有700万人口的大城市。 _ _ 3从接受高等教育方面讲，西安排全国第四。 _ _,参考答案 写作词汇热身：1.rank 2.with a population of 3.places of interest 4.in terms of 写作表达练习：1.Throughout Chinas long history, thirteen dynasties made Xian their capital. 2.Its a city of large size with a population of over 7,000,000. 3.Xian ranks the fourth in the country in terms of higher education.,参考范文 Ladies and Gentlemen， Welcome to Xian, the capital of Shanxi Province and a worldfamous city in China. Throughout Chinas long history，thirteen dynasties made Xian their capital. Xian has been developing rapidly during the past two decades. Its a city of large size with a population of over 7,000,000. Xian ranks the fourth in the country in terms of higher education. Whats more, the city is very beautiful and enjoys an agreeable climate. Within Xian you can find many places of interest, such as the Terracotta Warriors, the Bell Tower, and the Big Wild Goose Pagoda.,The city has good transport service, its easy to travel anywhere in our country, by land or by air. I hope youll have a good time in Xian. Thank you.,名师点评 本文达到了描写地点的四项基本要求：基本特征；遵循一定的顺序，运用恰当的方法进行说明；语言准确无误；用列数字、作比较等明确说明了介绍的地点，条理清楚，脉络分明，语言平实，通俗易懂。 用了一些比较高级的结构，如：Xian has been developing rapidly. Whats more, the city is very beautiful and enjoys an agreeable climate.等，增加了文章的文采，使所写内容打动读者，达到最佳的表达效果。,.单词拼写 1A signpost_(指出)the right road for us to follow.2.I wouldnt advise stopping the carthere is_(没地方)to park. 3We are_(感激)to you for all your help. 4Well attach the label to our_(行李) 5The ship_(滑行)through the water. 答案：1.indicated 2.nowhere 3.thankful 4.luggage 5slipped,.根据汉语提示完成句子 1_ _ _ _(我突然想起)that I didnt have my ID card with me. 2Its a great experience to_ _ _(与合作)such a hardworking man. 3The school has been asked to_ _(标出的界线)an area for children to play games. 4_ _ _ _(背靠背站着)and you will find something different. 5The tuition_ _(包括)the cost of food and accommodation at college.,答案：1.It occurred to me 2.team up with 3.mark out 4Stand back to back 5.takes in,.用所给词的适当形式填空 1Mr Liu is a supporter of_；he is totally a_.(social) 2He_the children for their carelessness and the_was too severe. (punish) 3_，she took no notice of the_mistakes in the accident. (apparent) 4He_that I should give him some_of how I did in the test. (indicate),5All the_can_in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their_before May 5th.(apply) 答案：1.socialism；socialist 2.punished；punishment 3.Apparently；apparent 4.indicated；indications 5.applicants；apply；applications,
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