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修饰名词或代词(不定代词或疑问代词)等的词、短语或者从句称为定语。一般单个的单词作定语放在该修饰名词之前(前置定语)，短语和句子放在该修饰名词之后(后置定语)。,Period Four Grammar(1) & Grammar(2),1定语的概念,一、定语,2定语的类型,【单项填空】 Some_students in our class hope to be_doctors in the future. Agirls；womans Bgirl；women Cgirl；woman Dgirls；womens Yesterday she asked me if there was_to read，but I happened to lend it to someone else. Aeasy enough something Benough easy something Csomething enough easy Dsomething easy enough,This_girl is Lindas niece. Apretty little Spanish BSpanish little pretty CSpanish pretty little Dlittle pretty Spanish 答案 B D A,二、定语从句 表一 定义及相关术语,表二 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。,表三 as作关系代词的用法,表四 关系副词引导的定语从句,表五 关系代词或关系副词的判断,表六 经常使用非限制性定语从句的场合,【定语从句对比练习】 This is one of the most interesting plays_shown last week. This is the very one of the most interesting plays_shown last week. Awhich was Bthat was Cwhich were Dthat were He has two brothers，_are college students. He has two brothers，and_are college students. A.both of which Bboth of whom Cboth of them Dboth of it,1,2,He still lives in the apartment_window faces to the east. He still lives in the apartment，the window_faces to the east. He still lives in the apartment_is in the north of the city. He still lives in the apartment_there is a beautiful table. Awhich Bwhose Cwhere Dof which,3,_leaves the hall last ought to turn off the lights. _who leaves the hall last ought to turn off the lights. _who leave the hall last ought to turn off the lights. AAnyone BWho CThose DWhoever,4,_we all know，China is abundant in natural resources. _is wellknown that China is abundant in natural resources. _is wellknown，China is abundant in natural resources. AWhich BAs CIt DThat 答案 1.D B 2.B C 3.B D A C 4.D A C 5.B C B,5,最近某高中拟开展以“校园拒绝零食”为主题的活动。假如你是该校学生会主席，请你以学生会的名义，参考下面的内容提示，给全校学生写一封倡议书。 内容提示： 1描述吃零食的现象； 2阐述吃零食的影响； 3提出合理化的建议。,倡议书,注意：1.词数100左右，开头已为你写好(不计入总词数)； 2参考词汇：snacks零食；phenomenon现象 Dear fellow students， There is a serious phenomenon in our school._ _ _ _ _ _,【写作分析】 第一步：认真审题 一审体裁：本文要求写一篇倡议书，属于记叙文范畴。 二审格式：倡议书不同于演讲稿，格式一般按照书信格式就可以，时态多用一般现在时，用第一人称较合适。 三审结构：这类文章一般是提出问题，阐述这种问题的影响，再提出解决问题的建议。可以适当使用祈使句，以增强倡议书的号召力度。,第二步：提炼要点 1a waste of 2in addition 3lead to fatness and illness 4What is worse. 5not.any more,第三步：扩点成句 1Eating snacks is a bad habit as well as a waste of money. 2Eating snacks improperly may lead to fatness and illness.What is worse，some students throw the wrappers everywhere，which is a bad behaviour and pollutes our campus. 3Remember that three regular meals a day as well as a balanced diet are essential for us.,【品味佳作】 Dear fellow students， There is a serious phenomenon in our school.We find many students will crowd in the school store to buy snacks after each class.Some students even eat snacks in class. Eating snacks is a bad habit as well as a waste of money.In addition，most snacks are unhealthy food，for they contain too much fat and sugar.Eating snacks improperly may lead to fatness and illness.What is worse，some students throw the wrappers everywhere，which is a,bad behaviour and pollutes our campus. Dear fellow students，we shouldnt act like kids any more.We high school students should develop good habits.Remember that three regular meals a day as well as a balanced diet are essential for us.Lets form good eating habits and say no to snacks! Students Union,【名师点津】 1本文是一封倡议书。作者按照提出问题，分析问题，解决问题的思路呈现观点。文中运用了很多经典短语：as well as，in addition，lead to，what is worse等。作者巧妙地添加句式结构，使文章流畅自然。如： In addition，most snacks are unhealthy food，for they contain too much fat and sugar.Eating snacks improperly may lead to fatness and illness. 2文章使用一般现在时，条理性强，很有说服力。,3亮点句式： We find many students will crowd in the school store to buy snacks after each class. Eating snacks is a bad habit as well as a waste of money. What is worse，some students throw the wrappers everywhere，which is a bad behaviour and pollutes our campus. Remember that three regular meals a day as well as a balanced diet are essential for us.,【写作模板】 Dear fellow students， There is a serious phenomenon in _ourschool.We find_(发现的问题) Eating snacks is_as well as_(危害一)In addition，_(危害二)Eating snacks improperly may lead to_(危害三)What is worse，_(危害四) Dear fellow students，we shouldnt_(倡议一)We high school students should develop good habits.Remember_(倡议二)Lets_(倡议三)！,“介词关系代词” 考点分析 总的说来，选择介词不外乎三条：一是根据句子意思表达的需要；二是根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的习惯搭配；三是根据先行词和介词的习惯搭配。 考查定语从句中谓语部分的搭配习惯 (1)看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配 The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.,1,This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while. I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss books and music. 注：有一些介词为固定搭配的一部分，此时它们的位置应注意。如： The boy (whom) my sister is looking after is getting better. 不能说成：The boy after whom my sister is looking is getting better. (2)看定语从句中形容词或分词与介词的搭配 He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.,【即时训练】 I saw a woman running toward me in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction_she had come. Aof which Bby which Cin which Dfrom which He was educated at the local high school，_he went on to Beijing University. Aafter which Bafter that Cin which Din that,考查先行词与介词的搭配习惯 这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词。如： This is our classroom，in the front of which there is a teachers desk. Ill never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me. 【即时训练】 We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us _we gave some bells and glasses. Ato which Bto whom Cwith whom Dwith which,2,考查根据句意确定介词 Tom，by whom the window was broken，has been criticized by his teacher. I am looking for my glasses，without which I cant watch TV clearly. 【即时训练】 Eric received training in computer for one year，_he found a job in a big company. Aafter that Bafter which Cafter it Dafter this,3,考查表示所属关系的of which whom On the blackboard the teacher wrote a sentence，the meaning of which I dont understand. 【即时训练】 It is reported that two schools，_are being built in my hometown，will open next year. A .they both Bwhich both Cboth of them Dboth of which,4,考查表示整体与部分关系的of which whom I have five English dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best. The buses，most of which were already full，were surrounded by an angry crowd. I met the fruitpickers，several of whom were university students. 【即时训练】 I was given three books on cooking，the first_I really enjoyed. Aof that Bof which Cthat Dwhich,5,6考查表示同位关系的of which whom Her sons，both of whom work abroad，rang her up this morning. 【即时训练】 Last week，only two people came to look at the house，_wanted to buy it. Anone of them Bboth of whom Cnone of whom Dneither of whom 答案 D A B B D B D,
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