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虚拟语气(1) 动词的语气表示说话人的态度和看法，可分为陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用来陈述讲话人认为是事实的事情，有肯定、否定、疑问和感叹等形式。祈使语气用来说明说话人的请求、命令等。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。,如果假设的情况发生的可能性不大，则用虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句分为三种，见下表：,If I had time，I would attend the meeting.如果我有时间，我就参加会议了。(与现在事实相反) If I were you, I should seize the chance to go abroad. 如果我是你，我会抓住这个出国的机会。(与现在事实相反) If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams.如果你采纳了我的建议，你就不会通不过考试了。(与过去事实相反) If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. 如果你明天来，我们将召开会议。(与将来事实相反),If it were to rain, we should get wet.要是下雨的话，我们就会淋湿了。(与将来事实相反) If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday.如果明天他不来，我们就要把会议推到下周一。(与将来事实相反),【单项填空】 Sorry, I didnt finish my work. If I_ enough time, I_it. Ahad; would finish Bhave; could have finished Chad had; would have finished Dhave had; have finished He is not native; if he were; we _this discussion over his identity. Awould not be having Bare not having Chad not had Dwill not have,答案 C 由前句可知后句应使用虚拟语气，表示与过去情况相反。if引导的非真实条件句中的谓语动词形式为：had动词ed形式；主句谓语动词的形式为：would/should/might/could have动词ed形式。 A 考查虚拟语气的用法。句意：他不是本国人，如果他是的话，我们就不会在讨论他的身份问题了。根据were可知，此处为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，而只有A项是虚拟语气主句的结构。,【单项填空】 _strict with me when I was young，I could not be such a successful person now. A. If you are not BIf you were not CWere you not DIf you had not been 答案 D 考查错综虚拟语气。句意：如果在我年幼时你没有对我严格要求的话，我现在就不可能是这么成功的一个人。根据句意可知，此题中主句说的是与现在事实相反的情况，而从句说的是与过去事实相反的情况，所以从句要用过去完成时，故选D，如果采用省略句，其结构应该是had you not been。,【单项填空】 _ today, he would get there by Friday. But he wont set off when it is raining. AWould he leave BWas he leaving CWere he to leave DIf he leaves _ listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. AIf you; are BIf you; were CYou had; would be DHad you; would be,答案 C 由语境可知非真实条件从句表示将来不可能实现的事情，故从句谓语动词的形式为：过去式(be用were)/should 动词原形/were to动词原形，如果省略 if，要将从句中的were，should，had等提到句首。 D 根据主句中的时间状语now，可知表示与现在情况相反，故主句中谓语动词的形式为would动词原形。依据语境可知条件句表示与过去情况相反，故条件句中谓语动词的形式为had动词的ed形式，省略if时，要将had提到句首。,(3)通过上下文的含义，句中往往有but，otherwise等。 I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I would have helped you.我昨天很忙，不然的话，我会帮助你的。 She would have said no. But that she was afraid. 要不是她害怕的话，她就会说“不”了。 If only I had more money, I could buy the apartment. 要是我有更多的钱，我就会买这套公寓了。 But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. 如果不是听了你的建议，我就不会做得如此成功。 The change could not have taken place without the opendoor policy.没有开放的政策，就不会有如此大的变化。,【单项填空】 Without water in the world, everything _. Awill die Bwould die Cwould have died Dhas died Thanks a lot. We _the work on time without your help. Ahadnt finished Bdidnt finish Ccouldnt have finished Dcouldnt finish,答案 B without短语表示非真实条件，故句子使用虚拟语气。因其表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词的形式应为：would动词原形。 C 根据Thanks a lot.可知without your help表示非真实条件，故后句中应使用虚拟语气，由语境可知句子表示与过去情况相反，故谓语动词的形式应为：would/should/might/could have动词ed形式。,议论文 【写作任务】 假如你是本地报社的一名记者，要对昨天新华中学的学生就“是否允许医学克隆存在？”展开的辩论进行报道，下表是双方理由和辩论结果，请据此写一篇新闻稿。,【写作内容】,3根据题目要求对辩论情况进行客观报道，准确把握要点。准确运用高级词汇并注意新闻类体裁的语言特点。适当运用复杂结构以提高文章的表述层次。注意篇章的整体处理和语言的连贯，并力求条理清晰、层次分明。,第二步：提炼要点 1medical cloning 2support the motion 3serious illnesses 4procedures would be safe 5convincing 6to oppose medical cloning 7potential lives 8a lively discussion,第三步：扩点成句 1The arguments for medical cloning were very strongly put by the team supporting the motion. 2They argued that people who were losing their ability to move or think because of serious illnesses could be helped by medical cloning. 3They explained that the procedures would be safe, quick and with no problems for the patients. 4Their arguments were very convincing. 5The arguments put by the team opposing medical cloning were less strong. They said that the procedures were not yet secure.,6They also explained that it took many tries and many potential lives had to be killed to produce one usable embryo for research. 7After a lively discussion vote was taken and the side arguing for medical cloning won.,【参考范文】 Yesterday_there_was_a_very_exciting_debate_at_Xinhua_Middle_School_about_whether_medical_cloning_should_be_allowed_or_not. The arguments for medical cloning were very strongly put by the team supporting the motion. They argued that people who were losing their ability to move or think because of serious illnesses could be helped by medical cloning. They explained that the procedures would be safe, quick and with no problems for the patients. They quoted that 67% of American citizens were for it to support their idea. Their arguments were very convincing.,The arguments put by the team opposing medical cloning were less strong. They said that the procedures were not yet secure. They also explained that it took many tries and many potential lives had to be killed to produce one usable embryo for research. After a lively discussion vote was taken and the side arguing for medical cloning won.,第3段：However, the others are strongly against it.(反方观点) Their reasons are as follows. In the first place.Whats more.In addition.(列出23个反对的理由) 结论： 第4段 Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more good than harm, so I support it.(个人观点),常用词汇及结构： 1开头可用的表达方式： We have a discussion about. We have had a survey on. 2分别论证时用： Opinions are divided on the question. Opinions are mainly divided into two groups. Others have different opinions. On the one hand.On the other hand.,3对某一观点作进一步论证时，可用whats more/besides/in addition/furthermore/moreover等过渡词。 4提出多个论据时，可用First. Second. Third.来列举论据。 5进行相似的比较时用in comparison，likewise, similarly, in the same manner等。 6进行相反的比较时用on the other hand，conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with/to等。,经典对比选择题(上) 1I dont enjoy_fun of others. I dont enjoy_fun of by others. Ato make Bto be made Cmaking Dbeing made 答案 CD 第一句I和make是主动关系，所以用动名词的主动式；第二句I和make是被动关系，所以用动名词的被动式。,2Something must be done to prevent the river from_. Something must be done to prevent people from_the river. Apollute Bpolluting Cpollute Dbeing polluted 答案 DB 第一句river和pollute是被动关系，所以用动名词的被动式；第二句people和pollute是主动关系，所以用动名词的主动式。,3He regretted_her the secret because he shouldnt have done so. He regretted _me that he could not do so. Ato be told Bto tell Ctelling Dbeing told 答案 CB regret to do sth对将要做的事情表示遗憾或道歉；regret doing sth后悔做了某事。,4He has given up_us physics because of his illness. What he has given up_ us physics because of his illness. Ais to teach Bto teach Cteaching Dtaught 答案 CA 第一句的空后是宾语；第二句What he has given up是主语，is是谓语。,5The boy who_faces now will be punished. The boy_faces now will be punished. Amade Bto make Cmaking Dis making 答案 DC 第一句有连接词who，所以用句子作定语；第二句无连词，所以用现在分词作定语，表主动。,6He opened the door and found the snow _the hill. He opened the door and found the hill_ with snow. A. covers Bcover Ccovered Dcovering 答案 DC 第一句snow和cover是主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾语的补足语；第二句 hill和cover是被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语的补足语。,7He was very busy but she wanted to have him _the clothes. He was so busy that he had to have the clothes_. Awashing Bwashed Cwash Dto wash 答案 CB 第一句have sb do sth使某人干某事；第二句have sth done请某人干某事。,8Do you know the woman _by Jack? Do you know the woman_ Jack? Abeen followed Bfollowed Cfollowing Dfollows 答案 BC 第一句the woman被Jack跟踪，所以用过去分词作定语；第二句the woman跟踪Jack，所以用现在分词作定语。,9This is an important letter. Dont forget_ it this afternoon. Dont look for the letter. You must have forgotten _it this afternoon. A. to post Bposted Cposting Dpost 答案 AC forget to do sth忘记要做某事；forget doing sth忘记做过某事。,10The decision was made _soon after the meeting was over. Who was made _the decision soon after the meeting was over? A. to know Bknown Cknow Dknew 答案 BA 第一句make sb or sth done使某人或某物被；第二句是sb is made to do sth的句型。,
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