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Rhythm of speech,话语节凑,Rhythm of Speech (话语节奏),Rhythm the timing pattern (the regular beats) of successive syllables. Rhythmic patterns in different languages: syllable-timed languages (e.g. Chinese) : every syllable is given a strong beat and is spoken within about the same length of time; stress-timed languages (e.g. English): every stressed syllable is given a strong beat and is spoken within about the same length of time. The rhythmic pattern in English based on stress; a rhythm unit is formed by a stressed syllable, together with unstressed syllables which may come before that stress and/or after it.,Try the following: tapping while speaking 敕勒歌 敕勒川, 阴山下， 天似穹庐， 笼盖四野。 天苍苍， 野茫茫， 风吹草低见牛羊。,Try the following: tapping while speaking “ Buy milk, jam and bread. Buy me some milk, some butter and some bread. Black or white? It was black and it was white. soft and light Its soft and its light. Dan and Sue It was Danny and it was Susie. bread and milk Some bread and some milk. get a purse. Get us her purse. a dark room It was dark in the room. cold winter It was cold in the winter.,Chief features of rhythm units in English: 1. Each rhythm unit contains one (and only one) stressed syllable, with or without unstressed syllables before or after it. 2. Each rhythm unit is spoken in almost the same length of time as the other rhythm units. It does not matter that some rhythm units may contain more syllables than others. 3. The words in one rhythm unit are grouped together and are spoken with no pause or break between them. A pause is usually made at the end of a rhythm unit. 4. Within a rhythm unit, unstressed syllables that come before the stressed syllable are quite short, whereas unstressed syllables after the stress are relatively longer: e.g. It was a “cold De“cember “morning.,Requirements for a good English rhythm: 1. giving proper emphasis to stressed syllables. 2. weakening unstressed words and syllables and obscuring the vowels in most of them (use weak forms when possible); squeezing the unstressed syllables together and saying them quickly 3. organizing words properly into word groups by means of pauses 4. linking naturally sounds between words within the same word group when possible,Practice: Listen to the following pairs of sentences. Read them with your partner together begin at the same time: one read the short one and the other read the long one. 1. Keep dogs, cats and snakes. Keep the dogs, and the cats and the snakes. 2. Keep pigs, cows, and sheep. Keep the pigs, and the cows and the sheep. 3. Grow beans, dates and rice. Grow some beans, and some dates and some rice. 4. Buy maps, pens and books. Buy me some maps, and some pens and some books.,5. Buy desks, chairs, and boards. Buy some more desks, and some chairs and some boards. 6. Buy meat, fish, and fruit. Buy me some meat, and some fish and some fruit. 7. Buy wine, beer, and juice. Buy me some wine, and some beer and some juice. 8. Buy pears, grapes, and sweets. Buy me some pears, some grapes, and some sweets. 9. Get water, tea, and coffee. Get me some water, and some tea and some coffee. 10. Get bread, cream, and jam. Get me some bread, and some cream and some jam.,Practice: Act out the following dialogue with your partner. Gloria: Excuse me, John. Are you at the office this afternoon? John: Yes, from 3 oclock. Gloria: Oh, I was wondering if you could help me with the interpretation of some statistics in my research project. John: Oh dear, Ive got too much work to do today. Gloria: It wont take long. Just a few minutes. John: Im sorry, but I really cant this afternoon. I really must finish some work for tomorrow. Gloria: Never mind. John: How about Wednesday? Gloria: Yes, thatd be fine. Thanks. See you on Wednesday then.,
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