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英语,第38讲 完形填空,Think before we speak! It was a sunny and enjoyable day. Everyone in the _1_station was waiting for the train to arrive. Among the crowd, there was a group of young friends who were on board for vacation. It was a _2_ station with a lot of people and some juice shops, coffee and tea stalls, newspaper shops, etc. The train was arriving and everyone prepared to _3_ the train to their seats. The group of friends made loud noise to _4_ the train as it moved into the station. They ran to get their seats _5_ anyone entered the train. The empty seats were _6_ and the train whistled (鸣汽笛) to move. An old man with a young boy aged around 15 had their seats just next to the friends group. The young boy was so _7_ to see everything. He cheered，“Dad, the train is moving and the things are moving backward.”,His father _8_and nodded his head. As the train started moving fast, the young boy again screamed (尖叫) , “Dad, the _9_are green in color and run backward very fast. ”His father said，“ Yes, dear，”and smiled. Just like a kid, he was watching everything with great _10_ A fruit seller passed selling apples, bananas and oranges. The young boy asked his dad, “I want to eat _11_.” His father bought some for him. He said, “Oh, this apple looks a lot sweeter than it tastes. I love this color.” The group was watching all the _12_of this boy and asked the boys father，“Is your son having any problem? Why is he behaving so _13_？”,“His son is mad, I think，” a friend from the group made fun of him and shouted. The father of the young boy, with patience, _14_the friends group, “My son was born _15_. Only a few days ago he was operated. He is seeing different things in his life for the first time. ” The young friends became very quiet.,( )1.A.railway Bbus Cpolice Dtelevision ( )2.A.dark Bsilent Cbusy Dlonely ( )3.A.get off Bget down Cget out Dget into ( )4.A.break Bwelcome Cpush Dleave ( )5.A.after Buntil Cbefore Das ( )6.A.washed Bmoved Cfilled Dcarried ( )7.A.surprised Bafraid Csorry Dproud,A,C,D,B,C,C,A,( )8.A.shouted Bsmiled Ccried Drefused ( )9.A.skies Btrees Crivers Dhouses ( )10.A.interest Bdoubt Ccourage Dsadness ( )11.A.apples Bbananas Coranges Dstrawberries ( )12.A.fruits Bwords Cclothes Dactivities ( )13.A.happily Bdifferently Cquietly Dquickly ( )14.A.quarreled with Bwaited for Creplied to Dpointed at ( )15.A.normal Bdeaf Cmad Dblind,B,B,A,A,D,B,C,D,“完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点，既考查了词语搭配、近义词辨析、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。同学们只有具备了扎实的语言基本功、较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力，才能适应这一题型。 (一)“完形填空”题要求填入的词： 1语法结构所要求的功能词。如：连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词、关系副词等。 2具有语法变化的普通词。如：动词的时态、语态、语气，名词的数，代词的格，形容词和副词的等级等。 3固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。 4同义词、近义词等易混淆词。 5根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。 (二)“完形填空”题解题策略：,1解题前要通读全文，领悟大意。 完形填空常以文章或段落的形式出现，因此，通读全文，把握文章整体大意尤为重要。很多同学为了省时间，只看选项，不看文章。不看上下文，不寻找文章中句子与句子的关系，结果做出来的答案往往是错误的。 2解题时要全面考虑，确定选项。 完形填空有些答案的四个选项从词汇搭配、语法和句子结构等角度考虑均行得通，但由于文章是一个完整的统一体，词、句、段三者存在着内在逻辑关系，因此考生还要从上下文中寻找有关的信息，对文章的情节进行逻辑推理，抓住含有关键信息的词语，理顺句子之间的关系，从而确定正确的答案。其具体做法有： 重视首句，寻求信息 完形填空本是一篇残缺的文章，留下首句可以帮助考生了解文章的主题，可以了解短文的概貌与作者的意图。要充分利用首句的标示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，从而展开思维。,【例1】 At my primary school，I was one of the smartest kids there.I never _，but always got near prefect scores on all my tests.(2016，厦门，29) Aforgot Bstudied Cregretted 解析：首句句意为“在上小学时，我是最聪明的孩子之一。”由此可知，下句应为“我从不学习，但在考试中几乎都得满分。”故B项正确。,B,Ms. Tu went through about 40 failures before she succeeded.But she never _2_ and always fought on.(2016，达州，40) ( )2.A.ate up Bgave up Ctook up Dmade up,B,巧用平行结构，判断逻辑 平行结构指的是结构相同或相似、意思密切关联、语气一致的句子或短语组成串排列的语言现象。平行结构形式上整齐匀称，内容上联系紧密。命题者常从平行结构的句式相同或相似这一角度，利用其意义上的关联和对比这一特点来设题。了解这一点可大大提高解题效率。 【例3】All the family members were _ and helpful，and they made me feel at home at once.(2016，随州，51) Aserious Bfriendly Cfamous Dexpensive 解析：该题中第一个and连接两个形容词，与helpful构成平行结构的单词应为friendly。句意为“所有的家庭成员都友善且乐于助人。他们马上让我觉得如身处家中。”故B项正确。,B,Finally，I stopped in the air.I spread my arms wide，laughing loudly and _3_The workers pulled me up，smiling at me.(2015，长沙，40) ( )3.A.sadly Bangrily Cproudly I was so thankful that she no longer had aches and _4_(2015，宁波，27) ( )4.A.gifts Bpains Cdialogs Dmistakes,C,B,结合常识，明辨真伪 结合各类生活常识和科学常识，选择出正确且符合逻辑的选择。对于这类题，考生平时要做生活中的有心人，留心各种社会现象，积累丰富的生活知识。 【例4】 We cant force life to follow our wishes.The earth wont _ turning whether we accept it or not. Astop Bkeep Cstart 解析：句意为“我们不能强迫生活遵循我们的愿望。无论我们是否接受，地球都不会停止转动。”故A项正确。,A,It read “Dear Marie，I love you always.Miss you a lot.Dont forget me.Be _5_！Love，Mom.” That day，I cried.(2015，宁波，30) ( )5.A.serious Bhappy Cpatient Dstrict,B,熟练语法和固定搭配，轻松解题 对语法、固定搭配等基础知识的考查也是完形填空的命题角度之一。对于这种题，考生除了要注意平时的积累外，还要针对语法结构、句式特点、短文设空中需填的词在句中作什么成分、哪类词适合、应采取什么形式等进行分析，从而解决问题。 【例5】A month after he was born，his mother noticed that his eyes werent as _ as a normal babys.(2016，孝感，36) Abig Bbigger Cbiggest Dthe biggest 解析：考查形容词的等级及用法。此处是“asadj./adv.as.”结构，表示“和一样”，其中adj.和adv.都用原级。故A项正确。,A,Last week，students at Rosie Bridge School worked hard to make their English Week very successful. There _6_ a lot of activities including an English book fair in the library and a treasure hunt.(2015，沈阳，16) ( )6.A.are Bwere Cis Dwas,B,多方推断，寻求线索 完形填空所提供的是一篇具有完整意义的短文，其段与段、句与句、甚至词与词之间都有不可分割的、千丝万缕的联系。因此考生在做题时不要只注意设空处所在的短句子或段落，还要善于从上下文中寻找相关的提示信息。考生可利用正向推断法、逆向推断法和正逆向联合推断法寻找相关信息。 正向推断法要求考生利用已知信息推断下文未知信息，当然这里所指的信息包括设空处近处或远处的信息。考生应认真阅读并分析上下文内容，弄清事实，并思考下文的发展方向，从而推断下文的未知信息。 逆向推断法要求考生利用下文已知信息反向推断上文未知信息。当利用上文已知信息无法准确推断下文未知信息时，不能着急，应沉着冷静地阅读下文，看下文哪些事实或细节是上文未知信息的延伸和发展，并由此推断出空格处的未知信息。 在有些情况下，空格处未知信息既不能单独由上文已知信息正向推断而出，也不能单独由下文反向推断而出，而需要考生利用其上下文已知信息联合推断而出。考生应认真阅读并分析上下文，看哪些细节或事实与空格处有联系，并由此推断出空格处的未知信息。,正向推断法 【例6】 As children they were never bored because there was always _ to do on the farm.(2016，绵阳，22) Anothing Beverything Csomething Danything 解析：由句中“they were never bored”可知，因为在农场总有一些事可做。故C项正确。,C,The fire burnt Noahs neck，arms and faces.As a result，he was _7_ for a month.(2016，绵阳，33) ( )7.A.on vacation Bat home Cin hospital Dat work It seemed that the storm meant nothing to her.She sat on her seat reading a book.Sometimes she closed her eyes，then she would read again，with no _8_ or fear in her eyes.(2015，河南，40) ( )8.A.pride Bworry Canger Dregret,C,B,逆向推断法 【例7】 It was a sunny and enjoyable day.Everyone in the _ station was waiting for the train to arrive.(2016，宁波，16) Arailway Bbus Cpolice Dtelevision 解析：由下文中“waiting for the train to arrive”可知大家都在火车站。故A项正确。,A,It was a Sunday morning，and I was in a _9_ mood (情绪)Two of my friends had gone to the movies the night before and didnt invite me.(2015，山西，31) ( )9.A.good Bterrible Cpeaceful He raised a glass of water and asked them，“How _10_ do you think this glass of water is？”Their answers are different，from 20g to 500g.(2015，河北，41) ( )10.A.heavy Bfull Cmuch Dlong,B,A,正逆向联合推断法 【例8】 Just then a young man jumped out of a car and asked if I was Jenny.Then we _ to the bungee jumping place.I was amazed by the sights along the road through the window of the car.(2015，长沙，34) Awalked Bran Cdrove 解析：由上句中的“out of a car”以及下句“I was amazed by the sights along the road through the window of the car.(透过车窗，我被路边的景色惊呆了)”可知，我们是开车去的。故C项正确。,C,A man feared his wife wasnt hearing as well as she used to and he thought she might need some hearing aid (助听)Not quite sure how to _11_ her，he called the family doctor to discuss the problem.(2016，河南，36) ( )11.A.save Bhelp Cface Dguide Do you ever watch old movies？Maybe you will see one with Carole Lombard.She was a famous _12_ in the 1930s.She died when she was only 34.In her short life she made 70 movies.(2015，天津，41) ( )12.A.nurse Bactress Cdoctor Dteacher,B,B,复读全文，检验答案 把填充后的短文反复阅读一两遍，逐一检查、校对所选答案是否符合短文中心思想及上下文要求，并确保没有不符合语言规范、不符合语法规则的选项。 很多同学做完形填空题存在一个误区，把很多的时间放到四个选项的比较上，这会降低解题效率。正确做法应是： 顺藤摸瓜，首先是藤，你拿到文章之后要重点读第一句。 瞻前顾后，在文章空格的上下文处，你觉得这个地方需要什么词，带着这个目的在四个选项里找。 顾全大局，做一道题时应该在段落里面理解一句话。 认清细节，比如考固定搭配的题。 总之要想成功突破完形填空必须做到：研读首尾，抓主题；上下联系，寻信息；左顾右盼，找搭配；思前想后，觅逻辑；语境分析，辨词义；回读检查，补漏洞。,
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