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走向高考 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版(课标卷地区) 高考总复习,基础知识聚焦,第一部分,解题策略(二) 语法填空之给出动词试题归类,第一部分,要诀1 首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。 【例句1】His fear of failure _(keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joy. 解析：因主语His fear of failure后没有别的谓语动词，需填的动词应为谓语动词；因主语与keep是主动关系，应用主动语态；由从句谓语动词played可知，要用一般过去时，故填kept。 答案：kept,【例句2】That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, _ (close) my book and walked away. 解析：虽然句中已有谓语动词declined，但由and walked可知，所填词与declined和walked是并列关系，所以也用一般过去时closed。 答案：closed,【例句3】In Logan, three people _(take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. 解析：因主语three people与take是被动关系，即三个人被送进医院，故用被动语态；由were treated可知，要用一般过去时，故填were taken。 答案：were taken,要诀2 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用ing形式、ed形式，还是用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有： (1)作主语或宾语，通常用ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。 【例句1】but it is not enough only _(memorize) rules from a grammar book. 答案：to memorize 解析：因it是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填to memorize。,【例句2】 _(speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary. 解析：句中已有谓语wont make，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填speaking。 答案：Speaking,(2)作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。如： 【例句1】 _(complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. 解析：因句中已有谓语will have to work，所以complete应为非谓语动词；因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填to complete。 答案：To complete,【例句2】Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strongwilled, are very likely _(succeed) 解析：因在形容词likely后作状语，要用动词不定式，故填to succeed。 答案：to succeed,(3)作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词；是被动关系，用过去分词。 【例句1】He saw the stone, _(say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” 解析：句中已有谓语saw，所给动词与saw不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动词；又因He与say是主动关系，故填saying作伴随状语。 答案：saying,【例句2】 The headmaster went into the lab, _ (follow) by the foreign guests. 解析：句中已有谓语went，而follow又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因the headmaster与follow是被动关系，故用过去分词作伴随状语。 答案：followed,【例句3】There will be a meeting, _(start) later this year to review the film. 解析：因a meeting与start是主动关系，用现在分词短语作定语，补充说明a meeting，故填starting。 答案：starting,【例句4】Lessons _(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. 解析：因句中已有谓语can help，所以learn应为非谓语动词；又因lesson与learn是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作定语，故填learned。 答案：learned,特别提醒：有时给出的动词可能既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词，而是要求词类转换。如： But Jane knew from past experience that her _(choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. 解析：括号中所给词choose虽然是动词，但在句中作主语，且在形容词性物主代词后，应当填choose的名词形式choice。 答案：choice,
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