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名词,1. 可数名词的复数不规则变化,一、名词的单复数,知识梳理,2. 不可数名词的数 (1) 有些抽象名词在具体化时，以复数形式出现； 表示特指时，可以和定冠词连用；表示“某种” 或“一次”的意义时，可以和不定冠词连用。 in surprise“惊讶地”，a surprise“一件令人惊讶 的事”； win success“获得成功”，a success“一个/件成功 的人/事”； by experience“靠经验”，an experience“一次经 历”； with pleasure“乐意”，a pleasure“一件乐事”。,(2) 物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类 之多时，可以用作可数名词，有单、复 数。 some coffee“一些咖啡”，three coffees“三杯 咖啡”； some drink“一些饮料”，three drinks“三杯 饮料”； his hair“他的头发”，a few grey hairs“几根 白发”； glass“玻璃”，a glass“一只玻璃杯”。,(3) 有些不可数名词的复数形式表示特殊的意 义。 time“时间”， times“次数，时代，倍”； wood“木头”，woods“树林”； sand“沙子”，sands“沙滩”； work“工作”，works“工厂，著作，工程， 工事”。,注意：有些名词的单复数具有不同的含义， 如：game游戏，比赛 games运动会；mass大 量，众多，团，块 masses群众，民众等。 二、名词的作用 名词在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、同位语、状语。 注意：名词作定语时，一般用单数形式，如：shoe repairers, pencil boxes, tooth brushes。但也有例外，如：a sports car, a customs officer, a clothes shop等。,另外，“man / woman +名词”变为复数时，作定语的man / woman和中心词都要变复数。如：men teachers。 三、名词的所有格 名词的所有格在句中表示所属关系，用来作定语，修饰名词。 1. -s所有格，多用来表示有生命的东西，如： Peter and Toms school。 2. 如果一个事物为两个人共有，只在后一个名 词的词 尾加 “s”；如果不是共有，就要在两 个名词的词尾都加“s”。如： Tom and Mikes room (共有),Toms and Mikes books (不共有) 3. of所有格（名词+ of +名词）多用来表示无生 命的东西，如：the legs of the chair, the door of the house。 4. 双重所有格指“of +名词的-s所有格”或“of + 名词性的物主代词”，如：a friend of my brothers, a picture of mine。 5. 表示时间、距离、价格、重量、国家、城市 的无生命名词，可以在词尾加“s”或“”表示 所有格。,todays papers; ten minutes walk; five pounds weight; ten dollars worth of coffee; the worlds population; Chinas industry; New Yorks parks 6. 表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格之 后省去 shop, house, home。如：the tailors; the doctors, my uncles。,考点一 名词词义辨析 高考对名词词义辨析的考查主要体现在单项填空和完形填空中，其选项基本上是形似的词、意义相近但用法不同的词或者形式和意义都不相关的词。解这类题的关键是要弄清楚选项中各个名词的含义，同时也要注意联系上下文的搭配和语境。,考点归纳,【考例】She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful _ in last years election. A. symbol B. portrait C. identity D. statue,考点二 名词固定搭配 【考例】You are working too hard. Youd better keep a _ between work and relaxation. A. promise B. lead C. balance D. diary 【分析】选C。该题考查固定搭配。keep a balance between . and . 意为“在 和之间保持平衡”。,考点三 名词的格 名词所有格主要体现在短文改错中。如： When I finally arrived at my friends he lent me lots of clothes.,考点四 名词的数 对名词单复数的考查主要体现在单词拼写、语法填空以及短文改错中。 【考例】 Since then for all these year . （Key: year改为years）,2. While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 69. _ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. （Key: 69. changes）,巩固练习,I. 根据所学单词及提示写出所缺单词的正确形式。 1. Scientists have only recently been able to gain a_ to the area. 2. The doctor said a fun and relaxing _ (气氛) could help the injured recover faster. 3. Its a w_ of time trying to persuade Lucy to change her mind. I cant agree more. She is too stubborn.,access,atmosphere,waste,4. There have been _ (迹象) of improvement seen in the economy of our country, as more people have found jobs. 5. Did you break the _ (习惯) of getting up too late on weekends? 6. On June 27, 2012, the Jiaolong reached a _ (深度) of 7,062 metres in the Pacific Ocean.,signs,habit,depth,7. Whether we waste our potential talents, our own time, our limited natural _ (资源), our money, or other peoples time, each of us can become more aware and careful. (2014 年福建卷短文填词) II. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1. My first _ (impress) of our math teacher was that he was a kind young man. 2. Read these notes carefully and keep them for future _ (refer).,resources,impression,referrence,3. This book tells the life story of the famous _ (business), who left school and opened his own small company at the age of 17. 4. They should have a good chance of winning the _ (compete). 5. The _ (present) of prizes began after the speeches.,businessman,competition,presentation,从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. Wind is now the worlds fastest growing _A_ of power. A. source B. sense C. result D. root,2. Could you tell me the _D_ of making such tasty cakes? Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook. A. feature B. plan C. cost D. trick 3. We most prefer to say yes to the _B_ of someone we know and like. A. attempts B. requests C. doubts D. promises,4. Why not buy a second-hand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one? Thats a good _C_. A. saying B. question C. suggestion D. account 5. Her _A_ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education. A. motivation B. qualification C. talent D. technique,
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