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第4讲 特殊句式,1. （2013福建高考）Not until he went through real hardship _ the love we have for our families is important. A. had he realized B. did he realize C. he realized D. he had realized 【解析】选B。考查倒装。句意：直到他经历了真正的艰难困苦，他才意识到我们对家庭的爱是重要的。not until属于否定意义的词，放在句首，主句要用部分倒装，根据句意可知realize这一动作应发生在went through之后，故用一般过去时，因此选B。,2. （2013湖南高考）Not once _ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class. A. occurred it B. it did occur C. it occurred D. did it occur 【解析】选D。考查倒装句。句意：迈克尔从来没想过有一天他会成为班里的一名顶尖学生。not为否定词，放在句首用部分倒装，故选D。,3. （2013江苏高考）“Never for a second, ”the boy says, “_ that my father would come to my rescue. ” A. I doubted B. do I doubt C. I have doubted D. did I doubt 【解析】选D。考查倒装。句意：那个男孩说：“我从来没有怀疑过我爸爸会来救我。”句中never为否定词，置于句首时句子应该使用部分倒装，因此排除A项和C项。从句中的would表示过去将来时，根据主从句时态一致性的原则，主句应该使用过去时。,4. （2013江西高考）Only when he apologizes for his rudeness _ to him again. A. I will speak B. will I speak C. do I speak D. I speak 【解析】 选B。考查倒装句和动词时态。句意：只有当他因为他的无礼道歉时，我才会再和他说话。“Only+状语（从句）”放在句首，后面的句子倒装。倒装时，把助动词放到主语之前。时间状语从句中的时态是一般现在时，主句要用一般将来时。故选B。,5. （2013辽宁高考）At no time _ the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them. A. they actually broke B. do they actually break C. did they actually break D. they had actually broken 【解析】选C。考查倒装。句意：他们绝对没有违反比赛规则，惩罚他们是不公平的。at no time 放在句首，句子要倒装。故排除A和D两项。又根据句中的时态是一般过去时，所以选C。,6. （2013新课标全国卷）Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent _ properly in this hospital. A. can be the patients treated B. can the patients be treated C. the patients can be treated D. treated can be the patients 【解析】选B。考查倒装。句意：在这所医院里，只有医生的数量增加50%，病人才能得到妥善的治疗。“only+状语”位于句首，句子用部分倒装，即把助动词放在主语之前。由此可知选B。,7. （2013浙江高考）There are some health problems that, when _ in time, can become bigger ones later on. A. not treated B. not being treated C. not to be treated D. not having been treated,【解析】选A。考查状语从句的省略。句意：有些健康问题，如果不及时治疗，日后会变成大问题。that引导problems的定语从句；when引导定语从句中的时间状语从句，补全为when they are not treated in time，定语从句的主语that代指problems，与when从句的主语相同，符合状语从句省略的条件，所以省略了主语they与系动词are。故选A。,8. （2013福建高考）Anyone, once _ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government. A. to be tested B. being tested C. tested D. to test 【解析】选C。考查状语从句的省略。句意：任何一个人一旦被检测到携带阳性H7N9流感病毒，将会接受来自我们政府的免费治疗。若主句与状语从句的主语一致，状语从句中又含有系动词be，则可省略状语从句的主语和系动词，该从句补充完整为once anyone is tested. . . ，故选C。,9. （2013新课标全国卷）The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _. A. not to do B. not to C. not do D. do not 【解析】选B。考查动词不定式的省略。句意：司机想把车停在路边，但是警察提醒他不可以。此处是ask sb. to do 的被动语态形式，所以首先排除C、D两项。动词不定式符号to指代前面的to park his car near the roadside，为了避免重复，直接用to。,10. （2013天津高考）It was not until near the end of the letter _ she mentioned her own plan. A. that B. where C. why D. when 【解析】选A。考查强调句。句意：快到信的末尾时她才提到自己的计划。分析句子可推断此处考查not until的强调句，形式是“it is/was not until. . . that. . . ”，故选A。,11. （2013新课标全国卷）It was only after he had read the papers _ Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete. A. when B. that C. which D. what 【解析】选B。考查强调句型。句意：格罗斯先生在读了文件后才意识到他面前的这项任务很难完成。题干是强调句型，强调句型的结构是：It+be+被强调部分+that/who+其他。此处被强调部分是only after he had read the papers。故选B。,12. （2013重庆高考）It was with the help of the local guide _ the mountain climber was rescued. A. who B. that C. when D. how 【解析】选B。考查强调句。句意：在当地导游的帮助下那位登山者获救了。将it was和that去掉后句子重新排序依然完整可以断定为强调句，故选that；A项只有在强调人时才会使用；C、D两项在强调句中不适用。,13. （2013新课标全国卷）I was glad to meet Jenny again, _ I didnt want to spend all day with her. A. but B. and C. so D. or 【解析】选A。考查连词。句意：再次见到珍妮我很高兴，但是我不想一整天都和她待在一起。but但是；and并且，和；so因此；or或者，否则。根据句意可知前后之间是转折关系，所以选A。,14. （2013四川高考）Read this story, _ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. A. or B. and C. but D. so 【解析】 选B。考查固定句式：祈使句+and+陈述句。句意：读了这个故事，你就会知道钱并不能买到一切。结合句意可知前后两个分句之间为顺承关系，故选择并列连词and。A项表示两分句之间为转折关系；B项表示两分句之间为顺承关系；C项表示两分句之间为转折关系；D项表示两分句之间为因果关系。故选B项。,15. （2013北京高考）Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs, _ you could have problems. A. or B. and C. but D. so 【解析】选A。考查连词。句意：在关闭所有的程序前不要关闭电脑，否则你可能会有麻烦。or“否则，要不然”符合句意。,热点考向 1 倒装 （一）完全倒装。 1. here, there, now, then等副词放在句首时，句子要完全倒装，谓语动词常用come, go, be, lie, run等。 Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。 注意：上述完全倒装句子中主语若为人称代词，应放在动词前：Here he comes. 他来了。,2. 表示方位的副词in, out, back, up, down, off, away 等置于句首时，句子要全部倒装，句子的谓语动词常是come, go等表示运动的词。例如： The door opened and in came the headmaster. 门开了，校长进来了。 3. 表语提到句首，采用完全倒装：“表语 + 系动词 + 主语”。（进行时态也可这样）。 Present at the meeting are some famous scientists. 出席会议的是一些著名的科学家。,4. 有时当句子没有宾语而主语又比较长，或者为了使上下文紧密衔接，常把作表语的形容词、副词、介词短语或作地点状语的介词短语提至句首，主语、谓语采用完全倒装形式。例如： At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake and near the lake are some farmhouses hidden in trees. 山脚下有一个美丽的湖，湖边有些农舍掩映在树林中。 5. 用于there be结构之中。例如： There lived a rich man near the river many years ago. 许多年以前在河边住着一个有钱人。,（二）部分倒装 1. 否定词：not（不），seldom（很少），never（从不），hardly（几乎不），barely（几乎不），scarcely（几乎不），little（完全不），never before（以前从不），not. . . until(直到才)，no sooner. . . than（刚就）hardly. . . when，by no means（决不），under no circumstances (决不)，in no case（决不），nowhere（没有地方）, neither, nor, rarely, no longer, not until, at no time, on no account等放在句首，需用部分倒装。not only. . . but also（不仅而且）连接并列句时, 前一分句用部分倒装。,Little did he realize the danger he was in then. 他当时一点也没有意识到自己处于危险之中。 Not only must we come to school on time every day, but also we must work hard. 我们不仅每天要按时到校，而且还要努力学习。,2. “only +副词/介词短语/状语从句作状语放在句首, 主句要采用部分倒装。 3. “so +助动词be动词情态动词 +主语”，表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于其他人或物；“neither/nor +助动词be动词情态动词+主语”, 表示前面所说的否定情况也适用于其他人或物。 4. 用于so/such. . . that句型，so/such置于句首时，采用部分倒装： So easy is the sport that even an old man can do it. 这项运动很容易，连老人都能做。,5. 用于省略了if的虚拟条件句：含有should，had或were的虚拟条件句，省略if时必须将should, had或were提到主语前。 6. 以as/though引导的让步状语从句通常倒装，其结构为： 形容词/副词/名词+ as/though +主语+谓语 动词+ as/though +主语+情态动词,【真题变式】把下列句子改为倒装句。 (2012江西高考)She has never seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert before. _ _ (2012辽宁高考)He didnt consider having a holiday abroad until he retired from teaching three years ago. _ _,Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well,as Robert.,Not until he retired from teaching three years ago did he,consider having a holiday abroad.,热点考向 2 省略 (一)动词不定式的省略 1. 一些表示心理活动、情感态度的动词或短语, 如expect/want/hope/wish/love/hate/decide/plan/mean/try/would like/be ready/be afraid/be glad等, 后面的动词不定式省略to后面的动词部分, 但保留to。 2. 省略时，不定式to be省略时还得保留 be。 This company is not what it used to be. 这个公司与以前不一样了。 3. 不定式的完成式的省略则为to have。,(二)状语从句的省略 在一些状语从句中，如果谓语动词是be，且主语和主句的主语一致，或者主语是it，常常可以把从句中的主语和be省略掉。,【真题变式】把If so句子补充完整。 （2011江苏高考）It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine. If so, wed better take it to the garage immediately. _,If something is wrong with the cars engine,热点考向 3 强调 1. 强调句的特殊句式。,2. 用助动词do, does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。,【真题变式】改为强调句。 (2012湖南高考)I didnt realize this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather until I came here. _ _,It was not until I came here that I realized this place was,famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.,【命题小试】 请根据以下内容命制一道考查强调句型的题目。 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic, Zheng He had sailed to East Africa. 【参考答案】 It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic _ Zheng He had sailed to East Africa. A. when B. that C. after D. since,【解析】选B。考查强调句。句意: 在克里斯托弗哥伦布横跨大西洋80年前, 郑和就航行到了东非。强调句基本结构为: It is/was. . . that. . . 。本句被强调部分是时间状语从句80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic。故选B。,热点考向 4 反意疑问句 1. 主从复合句的反意疑问句, 与主句的主谓语保持一致。但当陈述部分是I （We）think /believe/expect / suppose加从句时，疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。 2. must表示猜测时的反意疑问句。 (1)“must be”对现在情况进行推测作一般现在时或现在进行时的附加疑问句进行处理。 (2)“must+完成时”用来推测过去的动作强调对现在的影响，句中没有表示过去时间的状语时按现在完成时的附加疑问句来处理。 如有明确的表过去的时间状语，按一般过去时处理。,3. 陈述部分是祈使句，疑问尾句用will you；但如果陈述部分是lets开头的祈使句，疑问尾句用shall we。 4. 陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定词或半否定词时，附加疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。,【真题变式】完成下列反意疑问句。 (2012江苏高考)There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _? （2011重庆高考）I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, _?,is there,didnt I,热点考向 5 固定句式及其他 1. 祈使句的固定句式。 (1)祈使句+and+简单句, 表示“如果就”。 (2)祈使句+or+简单句, 表示“否则”。 (3)名词词组+and+简单句，表示“如果就”。,2. 感叹句的固定句式。 (1)What a(n)+单数名词+主语+谓语！ (2)What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语！ (3)How+形容词+a(n)+单数名词+主语+谓语！ (4)How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！,【真题变式】改为主从复合句。 （2011山东高考） Find ways to praise your children often, and youll find they will open their hearts to you. _ _ （2011辽宁高考）Bring the flowers into a warm room and theyll soon open. _,If you find ways to praise your children often, youll find they,will open their hearts to you.,If you bring the flowers into a warm room, theyll soon open.,易错点 1 1误判倒装语序和正常语序 （母题）Only when you realize the importance of English _ it well. A. you can learn B. can you learn C. you learned D. did you learn 【解析】选B。only接状语从句放在句首时，主句使用部分倒装。,（变式）When you realize the importance of English _ it well. A. you can learn B. can you learn C. you learned D. did you learn 【解析】选A。前面为when引导时间状语从句，后面的主句使用正常语序。,【误区点拨】 解答此类题目的关键是明白倒装的概念并熟练掌握构成倒装的条件。 解题时要认真分析题干，找到标志词或相关信息以选出正确答案。 only置于句首的倒装须具备的条件：only限制状语（副词、介词短语、从句）。,易错点 2 误判强调句型与其他句式 （母题）Was it in the room _ he once lived _ the meeting was held? A. where; that B. where; where C. that; where D. that; that 【解析】选A。此题为强调句式，强调地点状语in the room, where引导的是定语从句，修饰the room。,（变式）My key is gone. Have you seen it anywhere? Oh，it is in the room _ we had a talk last night. Athat Bwhich Cwhere Dwhat 【解析】选C。此题易误选A项，把整个句子看成是一个强调句型，从语法角度分析是一个正确句子，还原则为In the room we had a talk last night；但是，联系语境，上面问的是地点，中心词是地点，所以此题选C，where引导定语从句，答语补充完整则为Oh，it is in the room where we had a talk last night that I saw your key. (强调地点状语in the room),【误区点拨】 解答此类问题的关键是明确强调句型的各种句式。 强调句型的显著特点就是去掉“It is/was. . . that/who. . . ”，可以还原为一个完整的句子。,1. （2013西安模拟）Only if we keep in touch with others more often _ our concern, love and friendliness to them Awe can show Bhave we shown Ccan we show Dwe have shown 【解析】选C。考查倒装。此处only+状语从句置于句首，主句使用部分倒装语序；从时态角度分析，此处主句使用一般现在时，故选C。,2. (2013台州模拟) The fire alarm went off last night and _ in pants. A. out rushed many residents B. did many residents rush out C. many residents had rushed out D. many residents would rush out 【解析】选A。考查倒装。句意：昨晚防火警报器响了，很多居民穿着短裤跑了出来。表方位的副词out放在句首，句子用完全倒装。C、D两项时态不对。,3. (2013福州模拟)It is comforting to see that _, we are doing our part for the environment. A. as small may be we B. as we may be small C. small as may be we D. small as we may be 【解析】选D。考查倒装。as引导的让步状语从句中，常把作表语的形容词和名词、作状语的副词或情态动词后的动词原形提到句首，此处small作表语提至句首，故选D。,4. So popular _ that it attracts more than 100, 000 kite fans to this city. A. became kite flying B. kite flying became C. has kite flying become D. kite flying has become 【解析】选C。考查倒装。在so+形容词/副词+that结构中，当把so +形容词/副词提至句首时使用倒装语序，故选C。,5. (2013杭州模拟)Shes been on a diet for three months; _, she is heavier than before. A. if ever B. if any C. if anything D. if possible 【解析】选C。考查省略。句意：她已经节食三个月了；要说有什么变化的话，倒是她比以前更重了。if ever 如果发生过的话；if any如果有的话；if anything要说有什么变化的话，倒是；if possible 如果可能的话。,6. （2013重庆模拟）He has to finish the experiment today. He must be in the lab, _? A. mustnt he B. wont he C. doesnt he D. isnt he 【解析】选D。考查反意疑问句。此处must表示推测，疑问部分不能用must，而应根据must后的动词结构采用相应的动词形式，此处为be动词，故选D。,7. Its on the festival occasions _ the family get together _ he misses his late father Awhere; that Bwhich; when Cwhen; that Dthat； when 【解析】选C。考查强调句型和定语从句。第一空使用when引导定语从句，when在从句中作时间状语；第二空使用that，为强调句型的结构词。,8. Was it because of the terrible weather _ his flight was delayed? Not reallyAn old lady suffered a heart attack and they had to fly back Awhen Bwhy Chow Dthat 【解析】选D。考查强调句型。此处为强调句型的一般疑问句形式Is/Was it +被强调成分+that/who+句子的其他部分，此处被强调成分为原因状语。,9. He should have been warned of the danger _, but he wouldnt listen to me ASo he had BSo had he CSo was he DSo he was 【解析】选D。考查强调形式。句意：他本该被提醒有危险。他的确是，但是他不愿意听我的话。should have done 表示“过去本该做某事（但是实际未做）”。此处So +主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词，表示“（主语）的确是”，表示对前面所说的情况做进一步的肯定，so意为“的确；确实”。,10._ a piece of cheese cake my mum preparedYou wont be disappointed! A. Trying B. Tried C. To try D. Try 【解析】选D。考查特殊句式。分析句子成分可知，此处为祈使句，故选D。,11. (2013贵阳模拟)Since your English is poor, why not _ an English club to improve it? A. to consider joining B. consider to join C. considering to join D. consider joining 【解析】选D。考查固定句式。“Why not +动词原形”表示提出建议，consider doing sth. 表示“考虑/打算做某事”，故选D。,12. （2013重庆模拟）_ what the six blind men said sounded! A. How foolishly B. How foolish C. What foolishly D. What foolish 【解析】选B。考查感叹句。此处原句应为What the six blind men said sounded foolish. ，把此句改为感叹句，故选B。,
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