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第3讲 状语从句,1. （2013陕西高考）I have heard a lot of good things about you _ I came back from abroad. A. since B. until C. before D. when 【解析】选A。考查时间状语从句。句意：自从我从国外回来，听说了很多关于你的好消息。since自从；until直到；before在之前；when当时。若选before，主句应该用过去完成时。根据句意，应选A。,2. （2013山东高考）_ I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start. A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whoever D. However 【解析】选B。考查让步状语从句。句意：无论何时我要进行演讲，在开始前我都会极其紧张。whatever无论什么；whenever无论何时；whoever无论谁；however无论怎样，结合句意应选B。,3. （2013湖南高考）You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason _ you reach any decision. A. although B. before C. because D. unless 【解析】选B。考查时间状语从句。句意：在下决定前，你一定要学会考虑自己的感觉与理智。before在之前，引导时间状语从句, 符合题意。although尽管；because由于，因为；unless除非。,4. （2013江苏高考）In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, _ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world. A. whatever B. whoever C. wherever D. whichever 【解析】选C。考查状语从句和连词。句意：在全球化的经济体系中，无论在什么地方发现的一种治疗癌症的新药都能在全世界范围内创造出许多赚钱的可能性。从句“ it is discovered”不缺主要成分（主语、宾语或表语），因此排除连接代词whatever, whoever, whichever而使用连接副词wherever。,5. （2013天津高考）_ small, the company has about 1, 000 buyers in over 30 countries. A. As B. If C. Although D. Once 【解析】选C。考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然规模小，但是这家公司在30多个国家大约有1 000家采购商。if如果；once一旦；as因为，虽然，随着；although虽然。as引导让步状语从句时需倒装，故根据句意选C。,6. （2013四川高考）He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son _ he wants to. A. even if B. as if C. because D. before 【解析】 选A。考查状语从句。句意：他很忙。即使他想和儿子多待会儿，他也无法抽出足够的时间。A项表示“即使”，引导让步状语从句；B项表示“好像”，引导方式状语从句；C项表示“因为”，引导原因状语从句；D项表示“在之前，才，就”，引导时间状语从句。,7. （2013辽宁高考）One can always manage to do more things, no matter _ full ones schedule is in life. Ahow B. what C. when D. where 【解析】选A。考查连词。句意：一个人总是能设法做更多的事情，不管在生活中他的时间表排得多么满。此处要用how来修饰full。,8. （2013重庆高考）_ we have enough evidence, we cant win the case. A. Once B. As long as C. Unless D. Since 【解析】选。考查状语从句。句意：除非我们有足够的证据，否则我们赢不了这场官司。根据句意可知需要填入表示“除非”的连词，故选；项表示“一旦”；项表示“只要”；项表示“既然；自从以来”。,9. （2013安徽高考）Its much easier to make friends _ you have similar interests. A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that 【解析】选B。考查连词辨析。句意：既然你们有相似的兴趣爱好，交朋友就更容易一些了。when在此意为“既然，如果”；unless除非；even though即使，尽管；so that以便，目的是。,10. （2013江西高考）She says that shell have to close the shop _ business improves. A. if B. unless C. after D. when 【解析】 选B。考查连词。句意：她说她将不得不关闭店铺，除非生意好转。if意为“如果”；unless意为“除非”；after意为“在之后”；when意为“当的时候”。,11. （2013山东高考）Mark needs to learn Chinese _ his company is opening a branch in Beijing. A. unless B. until C. although D. since 【解析】选D。考查连词。前半句句意：马克需要学习汉语，后半句句意：_ 他的公司要在北京开一家分公司。结合句意，前后句应属于逻辑上的因果关系，since既然，由于，符合语境。A项unless除非；B项until直到才；C项although尽管，虽然。,12. （2013新课标全国卷）Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery _ another man, also intelligent, fails. A. since B. if C. as D. while 【解析】选D。考查连词。句意：无从知晓为何一个人会有重大发现而另一个似乎有同样聪慧的人却没能做到。根据句意可知，前后之间是对比转折的关系。while可以表示对比转折，意思是“然而”。,13. （2013北京高考）I took my driving license with me on holiday,_ I wanted to hire a car. A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only 【解析】选A。考查连词短语。句意：度假时我随身携带驾驶证以备租车之需。A项“以防，以防万一”，符合句意；B项表示“即使”；C项表示“自从以后”；D项表示“但愿就好了”。,热点考向 1 时间状语从句 1. when, while, as引导的时间状语从句。 (1)一般用法,(2)特殊用法 while还可以用作并列连词，表示一种强烈的转折对比关系，意为“然而；却”。 when还可以用作并列连词，意为“正在这时/那时”，相当于and at this/that time/moment。 常用句型: be (just) about to do. . . when. . . 正要做这时 be (just) on the point of doing . . . when. . . 正要做这时,be going to do . . . when . . . 打算去做这时 be doing . . . when . . . 正在做这时 be busy doing . . . when . . . 正忙于做这时 had （just） done . . . when . . . 刚做完这时,2. before引导的时间状语从句。 before引导的时间状语从句不用否定式谓语。 Before they got to the bus stop, the bus had gone. 在他们到达公共汽车站之前，公共汽车已经走了。,在“It be + 时间段 + before从句”句型中，肯定句译成“（之后）才”，否定句译成“就”。该句型有一般过去时、过去将来时、一般将来时三个时态，且有否定句。 It will be many years before the chemicals start to escape from the containers. 多年以后化学物质才开始从容器中逃逸。 It was not long before he came back. 不久他就回来了。,before可译成“未来得及”。 He had measured me before I could get a word. 我还未来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。 before可译成“趁着还没”。 Ill write it down before I forget. 趁着还没忘我要把它写下来。,3. since引导时间状语从句。 意为“自从时起”，主句要用完成时。 主要句型：It is/ has been +一段时间+since. . . (从句使用一般过去时) It was +一段时间+since. . . (从句使用过去完成时) Mr. Li has been here since he came back. 自从李先生回来以后，他一直在这儿。 I havent heard from him since he lived here. 自从他不住在这儿以来，我就没有收到过他的来信。,注意：since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语动作算起；若用延续性动词，所表示的动作自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。,4. 表示“一就”的句型。 (1)as soon as/once。 As soon as he arrives, Ill call you. 他一到，我就给你打电话。（as soon as 侧重时间或动作先后衔接紧，而once侧重条件，表示“一旦”） (2)on doing sth. /on ones + n. 作时间状语。 On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested. 一到达车站，这个小偷就被逮捕了。,(3)no sooner . . . than, hardly/scarcely. . . when。 它们表示“一就”。结构中的否定词放在句首时，主句要倒装。（主句都用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时） No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain. 他刚到家，天就开始下雨了。 注意：当no sooner, hardly, scarcely不放在句首时，主句不倒装。例如： I had no sooner reached the bus stop than the bus started. 我刚到车站，车就开走了。,(4)the moment, the instant, the minute, the second。 The moment I saw him, I recognized him. 我一看见他，就认出了他。 (5)有些副词（如instantly, immediately, directly）可用作连词，后接从句。 I left immediately the clock struck 5. 我刚走，钟就敲响了五点。,5. until和till引导时间状语从句。 (1)“延续性动词的肯定式+until”表示“动作延续到为止”，可译为“直到为止”。例如： I waited for him until he came back. 我一直等到他回来。 (2)“终止性动词的否定式+ until”表示“直到才”。 He didnt go to bed until he had finished his work. 直到完成工作他才睡觉。,(3)用于强调句式“It is not until . . . that . . . ”。 It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment. 直到教授到来，我们才开始实验。 (4)not until放在句首时，主句倒装。 Not until he graduated did he succeed in obtaining this compound. 直到他毕业他才成功获得这种化合物。 注意：句首和强调句中要用until，而不用till；not. . . until. . . 句型中不用till。,6. 引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词（短语）。 (1)其他常见的引导时间状语从句的连词（短语）还有after, whenever, every time, each time, next time, the first/last time, any time, by the time等。 Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us. 每当我们遇到困难，他们就来帮忙。,(2)by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时，主句用将来完成时；by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。 By the time you come back, well have finished the job. 到你回来的时候，我们将已经完成这项工作。 They had planted ten trees by the time we arrived. 我们到的时候，他们已经种了10棵树了。,7. 时间状语从句的省略式。 当时间状语从句的主语和主句主语相同或为it，从句又含有be动词时，从句可省略主语和be动词。在不产生歧义时，连词也可省去。例如： Once (it is) seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦被看见过，永远也不会被忘记。,【真题变式】完成句子。 (2012全国卷)I had hardly got to the office _ _(这时妻子就打电话让我马 上回家). (2012山东高考)He smiled politely _ _(当玛丽为她醉酒的朋友们道歉时).,when my wife,phoned me to go back home at once,as Mary apologized for,her drunken friends,热点考向 2 地点状语从句 1. 地点状语从句主要由where, wherever， anywhere, everywhere引导。 We must camp where we can get water. 我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。 I will follow you wherever you go. 无论你到何处我都要跟随你。,2. where引导地点状语从句与定语从句的区别： where引导定语从句，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词。 Go back where you came from. （where引导地点状语从句） Go back to the village where you came from. （where引导定语从句，village为先行词）,【真题变式】使用定语从句改写句子。 (2012四川高考) If you happen to get lost in the wild, youd better stay where you are and wait for help. _ _,If you happen to get lost in the wild, youd better stay at the,place where you are and wait for help.,热点考向 3 让步状语从句 1. though, although这两个连词用法基本相同，只是前者口语化，后者较正式，常位于句首，都不与but连用，但可以和yet，still，nevertheless连用。though还可作副词单独放在句尾，表示“然而”的意思。 Although the TV set is very dear, I still want to buy it. 尽管这台电视机很贵，我还是想买它。 Though/Although he was worn out, he kept on working. 尽管他很累，但仍坚持工作。,2. as引导让步状语从句时，从句部分用倒装语序，句型为: 形容词/副词/名词+ as +主语 +谓语（若表语为单数名词，前置时要省略冠词） Child as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他是孩子，但他知道很多。 Proud as these nobles are, they are afraid to see me. 尽管这些贵族这么骄傲，他们还是不敢见我。,动词+ as +主语 +情态动词 Try as I might, I couldnt lift the stone. 尽管我尝试了，我还是搬不起这块石头。 注意：在这种倒装结构中，也可以用though，但不可用although。,3. even if/though尽管；即使。 这两个复合连词意义基本相同，常用以强调让步概念，有退一步想的意思（有时用于虚拟）。表“即使”时有假设含义，一般用even if。 Well make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 尽管天气糟糕，我们也要去旅游。 Even if I were in your place, I wouldnt take the job. （虚拟） 即使我处在你的位置，我也不会接受这份工作。,4. “whether. . . or. . . ”可引导让步状语从句。 Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 不管你信不信，那是真的。,5. “no matter + wh-”引导让步状语从句。 引导让步状语从句时“特殊疑问词-ever”相当于“no matter +特殊疑问词”，此时： no matter who = whoever no matter what = whatever no matter which = whichever no matter where = wherever no matter how = however,No matter what happened, he would not mind. 不管发生了什么事，他都不介意。 Its a nice room no matter whom/whomever it belongs to. 不管这个房间属于谁，它都很美好。 注意：“no matter + wh-”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“wh-ever”形式除引导让步状语从句外，还可以引导名词性从句。,引导名词性从句时： whoever = anyone who任何的人 whatever = anything that任何的事（物） wherever = anyplace where任何的地方 I will give the book to whoever needs it. 我将把书给那些需要它的人。,6. when引导让步状语从句时置于主句后。 虽然却，尽管但 He walks when he might take a taxi. 尽管他可以乘出租，但他却步行。 本（应，可以）却 when从句用虚拟形式为：could/should have done She stopped trying when she might succeed next time. 她本可能下次成功的却停止了尝试。 7. while引导让步状语从句一般置于句首。,【真题变式】选词(词组)填空。 (2012湖南高考) _ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A. （When/While） (2012北京高考)Look at those clouds! Dont worry. _it rains, well still have a great time. (In case/ Even if) (2012陕西高考)Hot _ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. (as/ although) (2012全国卷)I dont believe weve met before, _ I must say you do look familiar. （although/as）,While,Even if,as,although,热点考向 4 条件状语从句 1由if, unless（if. . . not）, if only, once, so/as long as, supposing (that)（假设）, in case（万一, 以防）, so/as far as（就而言）, on condition that（条件是）, provided/providing (that)（假若）引导。 I wont go unless Im invited. 除非被邀请否则我不会去。 You may use the room as/so long as you clean it up afterwards. 只要你用后打扫干净你就可以使用这个房间。,2. “祈使句+and/or/or else/otherwise+陈述句”的句型中，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。 Use your head, and youll find a way. 动动脑子，你就会想到办法。 3. 条件状语从句中一般要用一般现在时态表将来。,【真题变式】完成句子。 (2012福建高考)It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties _ _（除非能从欧盟得到更多 的资金支持). (2012江西高考)You can borrow my car _ _(只要你答应不要开车太快).,unless it gets more financial,support from the European Union,as long as you,promise not to drive too fast,【命题小试】 请根据以下内容命制一道考查条件状语从句的题目。 You can have the afternoon off as long as you agree to work on the weekend. 【参考答案】 You can have the afternoon off _ you agree to work on the weekend. A. so that B. no matter how C. as long as D. except that,【解析】选C。考查状语从句。句意: 你可以下午请假，只要你同意周末工作。A项表示“以便, 因此”, 引导目的或结果状语从句; B项表示“不管怎样”; C项表示“只要就”, 相当于“so long as”; D项表示“除了”。,热点考向 5 其他状语从句 其他状语从句的引导词,1. 目的状语从句的谓语动词一般含有情态动词can, could, may, might, should等。 2. as if/though引导方式状语从句时，有时也用虚拟语气。,【真题变式】分析句子，写出黑体部分的用法。 (2012重庆高考)Coach, can I continue with the training? Sorry, you cant as you havent recovered from the knee injury. _ （2011湖南高考）Jack wasnt saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done something very clever. _,as意为“因为”，引导原因状语从句,as if意为“仿佛；好像”，引导方式状语从句,易错点 1 混淆从句类型 （母题）Make a mark _ you have any doubts or questions. A. at which B. where C. at where D. at the place 【解析】选B。考查状语从句。at which用于引导定语从句，其前应有先行词，而此处没有；此处where引导一个地点状语从句。,（变式）Make a mark at the place _ you have any doubts or questions. A. that B. which C. where D. at where 【解析】选C。考查定语从句。此处从句的引导词在从句中作状语，故排除A和B；关系副词where不能置于介词之后。,【误区点拨】 where引导定语从句，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词，即地点名词+where。而引导地点状语从句时其前没有地点名词。 解答此类题的关键是通过分析句子结构和句意理解，判断出从句是状语、定语还是名词性从句。,易错点 2 混淆从属连词 （母题）_ they have finished the task, let the children have a rest and play for a moment. A. For B. Now that C. Ever since D. By now 【解析】选B。考查状语从句。for表示原因是并列连词，不用在句首；now that表示原因是从属连词，多用在句首；ever since表示时间，意思是“从那时到现在”； by now意思是“到如今”。根据题干前后两句的句意表示“因果”关系。所以选B。,（变式）_ the party started, the man has been drinking beer. A. For B. Now that C. Ever since D. By now 【解析】选C。句意：晚会开始以来，那个男人就一个劲地喝啤酒。for表示原因是并列连词，不用在句首，表示一个补充理由；now that多用于句首，表示原因；ever since表示时间，意思是“从那时到现在”； by now意思是“到如今”。根据题干前后两句的逻辑关系，此处选用ever since。,【误区点拨】 解答此类题目的关键是分清状语从句的句意及逻辑关系。 运用翻译的方法有助于解决此类问题。,1. (2013温州模拟)The police set about arresting the suspect _ they found enough evidence to prove him guilty. A. now that B. as long as C. the moment D. in case 【解析】选C。考查状语从句。句意：警方一发现证明那个嫌疑犯有罪的证据就开始了抓捕。now that 既然；as long as 只要；the moment 一就；in case 以防，免得。根据句意，选用the moment。,2. How long do you suppose it will be _ he arrives at the Bell Tower? An hour or so. A. when B. before C. since D. after 【解析】选B。考查状语从句。句意：你认为他多长时间可以到达钟楼？大约一个小时。此处考查句型It will be +一段时间+before. . . 要过多久才，before引导时间状语从句。,3. I had such a wonderful time _ I visited my friends in London last summer Awhen Bthat Cwhich Das 【解析】选A。考查状语从句。句意：去年夏天我在伦敦拜访朋友时玩得很愉快。when此处引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”。,4. Never believe anything _ any other person has believed it. A. that B. unless C. because D. once 【解析】选C。考查状语从句。句意：绝不要因为别人都相信就相信。because因为；unless除非；once一旦；that不能引导状语从句。,5. (2013杭州模拟)_ there are a large number of chemical factories, the air is likely to be polluted. A. Where B. That C. Though D. As 【解析】选A。考查状语从句。句意：在有大量化工厂的地方，空气很容易被污染。where引导地点状语从句。,6. Campers must not approach animals in the wild, _ they seem friendly. Aas if Beven though Cnow that Din case 【解析】选B。考查状语从句。句意：野营者绝对不能靠近野外的动物，即使它们看上去很友好。even though 引导一个让步状语从句，符合两句前后之间的逻辑关系。,7._ I cant fully understand what his music conveys, his performance is quite impressive AAs BSince CIf DWhile 【解析】选D。考查状语从句。句意：尽管我不能充分理解他的音乐传递的信息，他的表演确实很吸引人。while此处意为“尽管”，引导一个让步状语从句。,8. _ I would like to stay, I really must go home now. A. As long as B. As far as C. Much as D. Unless 【解析】选C。考查状语从句。句意：尽管我想留下来，但是现在我确实必须要回家了。as此处引导一个让步状语从句，意为“尽管”，此种情况下，从句使用倒装结构，常把作表语的形容词、名词及作状语的副词和情态动词后的原形提至句首，此处把状语Much提前，故选C。,9. (2013北京模拟)Which city do you expect to live in? I dont mind where I live _ there is my favourite job. A. so that B. in case C. as far as D. so long as 【解析】选D。考查状语从句。句意：你期望住在哪个城市？只要有我最喜欢的工作，我不介意住在哪里。so long as 表示“只要”，此处引导一个条件状语从句。,10. （2013温州模拟）We agree to reduce our price by 3% _ you guarantee to open the credit card on time. A. unless B. so that C. even if D. on condition that 【解析】选D。考查状语从句。句意：我们同意降价3%，只要你保证按时开通信用卡。on condition that 表示“只要”，此处引导一个条件状语从句，符合前后两句之间的逻辑关系。,11. (2013天津模拟)Shall we stop to have a short rest? Im feeling a little tired. Wed better hurry to get out of this zone _ it is getting late. Aif Bas Cwhere Dwhen 【解析】选B。考查状语从句。答语句意：因为天快黑了，我们最好赶快从这个区域出去。此处as引导一个原因状语从句。,12. The teacher simplified the instructions _ the children could understand better Aso that Bunless Cin case Dthough 【解析】选A。考查状语从句。句意：为了让那些孩子理解得更好，老师把那些说明简化了。此处so that引导一个目的状语从句。,
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