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语法填空,语法填空题能力要求,1、阅读/理解语篇的能力; 2、分析句子结构的能力; 3、熟练运用语法的能力。,(2013年高考） One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he 16 (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much 17 too little.” His son looked surprised. “I can understand why I shouldnt pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, 18 not save a bit of money?” “That would be a very19 (reason)thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.,found,nor,why,reasonable,Nicks guests, 20 had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy sale more cheaply if they could. Nick replied, “The only reason a man would sell sale 21 a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 22 the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.” “But such a small thing couldnt 23 (possible) destroy a village.” “In the beginning, there was only 24 very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little ,always 25 (think) that it was only small and not very important ,and look where we face ended up today.”（244words),who,at,to/for,possibly,a,thinking,Conclusion: 1. find-found 动词过去时 2. neither.nor. 固定搭配 3.why not. 固定搭配 4. reason-reasonable 名词转化为形容词 5. who 定语从句 6. at a low price 固定搭配 7. show respect to/ for固定搭配 8. possible-possibly 形容词转化为副词 9. a small amount of .固定搭配 10. think-thinking -ing充当状语,(2012年高考） Mary will ever forget the first time she saw him . He suddenly appeared in class one day ,_16_(wear) sun glasses . He walked in as if he _17_(buy) the school ,and the word quickly got around that he was from New York City . For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt _18_(please ), because there were many empty seats in the room .But she quickly realized that it wasnt her ,it was probably the fact that she sat in _19_last row .,wearing,had bought,pleased,the,_20_ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back ,he was wrong . It might have made it a little _21_(hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around ,but that didnt stop the kids in the class . Of course whenever they turned to look at him ,they had to look at Mary ,_22_made her feel like a star . “Do you need those glasses for medical reasons ?” the teacher asked .The new boy shook his head .”Then Id appreciate it if you didnt wear them in class .I like to look at your eyes when Im speaking to you .” The new boy looked at the teacher _23_ a few seconds and all the other students wondered _24_ the boy would do .Then he took _25_ off , gave a big smile and said “That is cool “,If,harder,which,for,what,them,Conclusion: 1. wear-wearing -ing充当伴随状语 2. buy-had bought as if 引导的虚拟语气句式,表与过去的事实相反 3. please-pleased 动词改为形容词 4. the 序数词前加the 5. if 连接词if引导条件句 6. hardharder 形容词比较级（隐含） 7. which 定语从句 8. for a few seconds 固定搭配 9. what 宾语从句 10. them 代词,语法填空的考查范围：,语法填空题的考查方式，主要有两类：自由填空类和提示性填空类，这两类考查的语言项目有所不同： 自由填空类。考查的语言项目主要有：行文逻辑、连词、介词、关系代词、情态动词、冠词等。（自由填空类只能够填一个词） 提示性填空类。考查的语言项目主要有：动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词等。,Determiner(限定词):,Articles(冠词):,Conj.(连词),Part of speech(词性), others:,v. (-ing, to do, done)非谓语,n./ v./ adj./ adv./ prefix / suffix,Noun clauses, （what, if, whether）Adverbial clause, (when, where, why) Attributive clause (which, who, that, whose)等各种从句,some, any, other,indefinite articles 不定冠词(a/ an) definite article 定冠词 (the),Pron.(代词),I, me, my, mine, myself,转折,并列,递进（but, and, for ,or, however, besides,引导词,考点,Examples,请用刚刚总结的考点,尝试用下面的短文,进行语法填空的命题 More than 220 people were killed in the fire which destroyed the Capital Building on February 4th, 1974. The building was finished only a few months before the fire; it was Sao Paulos newest building. All the 25 floors of the office building were completely destroyed. The fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worked in the building. Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the 11th floor. No one knows how the fire started. Perhaps it was started by an electrical fire in the ceiling of one of the offices. Office workers tried to put out the fire, but it was impossible to control it. Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above to escape.,考点分布,More than 220 people were killed in the fire _1_ destroyed the Capital Building on February 4th, 1974. The building was finished only a few months _2_ the fire; it was Sao Paulos newest building. All the 25 _3_ of the office building were completely destroyed. _4_ fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worked in the building. Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire _5_on the 11th floor. _6_knows how the fire started. Perhaps it was started by an _7_(electricity) fire in the ceiling of one of the offices. Office workers tried to put out the fire, _8_ it was impossible to control _9_ . Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above _10_(escape).,One possible version,More than 220 people were killed in the fire _ destroyed the Capital Building on February 4th, 1974. The building was finished only a few months _ the fire; it was Sao Paulos newest building. All the 25 _ of the office building were completely destroyed. _ fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worked in the building.,which/that,before,floors,The,Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire _ on the 11th floor. _ knows how the fire started. Perhaps it was started by an _ (electricity) fire in the ceiling of one of the offices. Office workers tried to put out the fire, _ it was impossible to control _ . Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above _ (escape).,broke out,No one,electrical,but,it,to escape,How to improve?,1. focus on main grammar points while reading,“聚焦”语言点的阅读，就是要求在阅读的过程中，将注意力投放到语言点上，“捕捉”文章中出现的各种语言点、对不理解的语法、句型进行必要的分析、对不熟练的语言点高声朗读,I was being tested for a driving license for the third time. I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.,basic grammar knowledge,the more difficult, the better?,不要花大量的时间去钻难题、偏题和怪题，而要牢牢掌握最常用的语法要点，达到运用自如。语法填空题考高分的同学将不是经常钻难题的同学，而是能够熟练和准确地应用基础语法的同学，减少基础题的失误就能拿高分。,(1)对于连词、介词、关系代词、关系副词等，不仅要理解它们的意思，还要熟记它们，在考试时能准确、快速地提取它们。 (2)对于动词，要掌握常用的时态、语态和非谓语动词的用法。,Conclusion: You must be sure that you can :,(3)对于句子，要能够分析其结构，懂得在什么时候该用什么词性。 (4)对于单词，不仅要背诵其意义和拼写，还要掌握基本的词形变换。,Practice makes perfect,I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 31 (break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32 should have the honor of receiving me 33 a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me 34 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35 small town some 20 kilometres away 36 there was a garage. I had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. 37 villagers brought me goats cheese and honey. We drank together and talked 38 (merry) till far into the night. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman 39 the trouble I had caused 40 .,Lets have a try: 2007年高考题(广东省),I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 31 (break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32 should have the honor of receiving me 33 a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me 34 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35 small town some 20 kilometres away 36 there was a garage.,broke,who,as,settled,a,where,_,_,_,_,I had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. 37 villagers brought me goats cheese and honey. We drank together and talked 38 (merry) till far into the night. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman 39 the trouble I had caused 40 .,Other,merrily,for,her,Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life. 31 these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story. It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help _33_ rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about 34 day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected. One day, he came up with an idea 35 he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day.,2008,behind,to help,his,this,that,He was very tired 36 doing this for a whole day, 37 he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 38 (high). His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39 (nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40 (result) in the contrary to our intention.,2008,after,but,higher,natural,results,Jane was walking round the department storeShe remembered how difficult _31_ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her fatherShe wished that he was as easy _32_ (please) as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume Besides，shopping at this time of the year was not _33_ pleasant experience：people stepped on your feet or _34_ (push) you with their elbows(肘部)，hurrying ahead to get to a bargain,2009,2009,2009,it,to please,a,pushed,Jane paused in front of a counter _35_ some attractive ties were on display“They are real silk，”the assistant tried to attract her“Worth double the price”But Jane knew from past experience that her _36_ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gatheredShe found some good quality pipes _37_ saleShe did not hesitate for long：although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while，she knew that this was a present which was bound to please _38_,2009,2009,2009,where,choice,on,him,When Jane got home，with her small but well-chosen present in her bag，her parents were already _39_ table having supperHer mother was excited“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking，”Jane _40_ (inform),2009,at,was informed,（2010年高考） young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. _31_water was sweet. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to the elder _32_ had been his teacher .After a four-day journey, the young man_33_(present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _34_(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home_35_a happy heart. After the student left, the teacher let _36_student taste the water. He spit it out, _37_(say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher,” Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _38_?”,The,who,presented,warmly,with,another,saying,it,The teacher replied,” You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _39_ (sweet).” We understand this lesson best _40_ we receive gifts of love from children. Whether it is a cheap pipe on a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing.,sweeter,when,(2011年高考） One Sunday morning in August I went to the local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment (16)_ (late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me (17)_the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man (18)_(sit) at the front. He (19)_ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be (20) _ (mental) disabled.,later,until,sitting,was pretending,mentally,Behind him were other people to (21)_ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes (22)_walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed. I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him, but I didnt like leaving him (23)_ his own ,either. After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had(24)_ amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home. Im glad I made a choice. It made (25)_ of us feel good.,whom,they,on,an,both,Success ahead!,Thank you !,实词 动词 名词 形容词 副词,词 性,虚词 代词 冠词 介词 连词 引导词,根据句子结构，确定词性,有 提 示 词,无 提 示 词,第一步,确定 词性后，仔细推敲确定具体填什么词,冠词,定冠词, 不定冠词,并列句及复合句(状语/定语/名词性从句),谓语、非谓语,连词,介词,介词的常用用法及词组搭配,名词/副词/ 形容词/,单复数、比较级、最高级、词性转换,动词,第二步,代词,指示/人称/物主/不定代词； 单、复数；主格、宾格、所有格,语法填空题解题步骤,1、浏览全文 把握语篇 2、边读边填 先易后难 3、验证复查 清除难点,(whole),Clue ?,a story,?,Style:,真题分析与研究,Experiments have proved that children can 1 (instruct) in swimming at a very early age. At a special swimming pool in Los Angeles, children become expert at 2 their breath under water even before they can walk. 3 of two months old do not appear to be reluctant to enter the water. It is not long 4 they are so accustomed to swimming 5 they can pick up weights from the floor of the pool. A game that is very popular with these young 6 (swim) is the underwater tricycle race. Tricycles are lined up on the floor of the pool seven feet under water.,be instructed,holding,Babies,before,that,swimmers,The children compete against each other to reach the other end of the pool. Many pedal their tricycles, 7 most of them prefer to push or drag them. Some children 8 cover the whole length of the pool 9 coming up for breath even once. Whether they will ever become future Olympic champions，only time will tell. Meanwhile, they should encourage 10 among us who cannot swim five yards before they are gasping for air.,but,can,without,those,广东省2007年英语高考样题 阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号为31-40的相应位置。（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）,Thirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese 36 (kill) right below their windows. She was 37 neighbor. Yet 38 of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. John Barley and Bib Fatane went beyond the headlines to research into the 39 why people didnt act. They found that a person has to go through two steps 40 he can help. First he has to notice that it is 41 emergency（紧急情况）. Is the smoke coming into the room 42 a leak in the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes”? Or is it really smoke from a fire? Its not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency. Second, and 43 important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally 44 (responsibility). He must feel that he must help, 45 the person wont get the help he needs.,Thirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese 36 (kill) right below their windows. She was 37 neighbor. Yet 38 of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. John Barley and Bib Fatane went beyond the headlines to research into the 39 why people didnt act. They found that a person has to go through two steps 40 he can help. First he has to notice that it is 41 emergency（紧急情况）.,killed,their,none,reason,before,an,Is the smoke coming into the room 42 a leak in the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes”? Or is it really smoke from a fire? Its not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency. Second, and 43 important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally 44 (responsibility). He must feel that he must help, 45 the person wont get the help he needs.,from,most,responsible,or,二、分析与研究 请找出文章中考到的考点： 非谓语动词 代词 名词 连词 冠词 介词 形容词,语法填空题可能考到的还有：副词、习惯用语、特殊句型等。,1个,2个,1个,2个,2个,1个,1个,Charlie Chaplin developed his own manner of acting, the one that was to become world-famous. He wore a small black hat, very wide trousers, a moustache and carried a stick that he swung in the air _1_ he walked. During his first year, Chaplin acted in 35 films, many of _2_ he wrote and directed himself. Chaplins earliest films _3_ silent, _4_ the equipment for adding sound to films had not yet been developed.,as,which,were,because,The _5_ (develop) of films with sound became a problem for Chaplin, as he was uncertain about _6_ (make) films with dialogue. Instead, he continued to make films without dialogue, but he added music. Chaplins later films, _7_, were not well received. He made only six films _8_ 1940 and 1966 and only the first of these is still popular today. Before he died in 1977, he _9_ (honour) in a number of ways for _10_ contributions to the film industry.,development,making,However,between,his,was honoured,At 3:42 a.m. everything began to shake. It seemed 1 the world was _2_ an end! Eleven kilometers_3_(direct) below the city the greatest earthquakes of the 20th century began. It was heard in Beijing, _4_ is one hundred kilometers away. One - third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut _5_ houses, roads and canals.,that,at,directly,which,across,Steam burst from 6 (hole) in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins . Two-thirds of the people died or _7_(injure) during the earthquake. Thousands of families 8 ( kill) and many children were left _9_ parents. The number of people 10 were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.,holes,were killed,without,who,were injured,Focus on (聚焦语言点),Soon after Dave left college, one of his uncles, who was rich and had no children of his own died and left Dave a lot of money, so he decided to set up his own real estate agency. He found a nice office, bought some new furniture and moved in. He had only been there for a few hours when he heard someone coming towards the door of his office. “Its my first customer!” he thought. He quickly picked up the telephone and pretended to be very busy answering an important call from some one in New Work who wanted to buy a big and expensive house in the country. The man knocked at the door while this was going on, came in and waited politely for the agent to finish his conversation. Then he said to him, “Im from the telephone company, and I was sent here to connect your telephone.”,(Pron.),引导词,(parallel, tense agreement),(Determiner) 限定词,(ordinal number),(-ing)(非谓语动词),(Conj.),(Voice),(Adv.),(Article),(Prep.),(Phrases),phrases,1、一个完整的语法单位,2、功能词,3、不要断章取义,4、结合语篇语境,5、不要改变文章原来的意义以及句子原本的结构,Most Americans dont like to get advice 1 members of their family. They get advice from “ 2 (strange)”. When they need advice,
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