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111Unit 1 Good FriendsTeaching objectives and demands:The activity is designed to encourage students to think about friends and friendship and to activate relevant vocabulary. Ask the students to describe a good friend and give examples of situations where friends have helped them. Use the activity as a brainstorming session done either in groups or with the whole class. Language use: Manipulate listening, speaking practiceKey points: 1. Everyday English for communication. 2. Words and useful expressionsThe First PeriodStep 1. Warming up Students are asked to describe themselves and a friend. You can use these questions in at least two different ways. One alternative is to ask the students to think about three words to describe themselves and then let each student tell the class the three characteristics they have chosen. A second alternative would be to ask the students to write down the three characteristics and let other students guess who is being described. As with the first part, the objective is to elicit student language and get the students to think about friends and friendship.Which words can be used to describe the characteristic?Brave: courage fearless heroic Scared : astonish fearful frightened horrified shocked terrified timidLoyal: devoted faithfulWise: bright clever cute gifted intelligent smart well-learned wittyFoolish: silly stupidBeautiful: attractive breath-taking charming cool cute elegant eye-catching good-lookinggraceful inviting lovely neat pretty splendid stunningRich: wealthy plentifulFunning: amusing humorousHappy: carefree cheerful contented delighted glad high merry pleasedUnhappy: bitter blue discouraged displeased heavy miserable sad upsetStep 2. ListeningThe students will hear friends discuss common problems that may occur in a friendship. The students are asked to identify the problems and suggest solutions. Tell the students that friends sometimes have problems and that it is important to know how to solve the problems. The students will hear three arguments between friends and are asked to write down the problems and suggest possible solutions. It may be necessary to divide the task into two parts; first the students write down the problems as they listen to the tape, and then they discuss possible solutions. The students can also listen to one situation at a time and discuss solutions with the whole class.Key1.Peter is often late for football practice. I think that he should try to be on time in the future.2.Mary usually borrows things without asking and she doesnt return things on time. She should ask the owner is she wants to borrow something and try to return it on time in the future.3.Adam borrowed Johns CD player yesterday and now it is broken. Adam can ask his uncle to fix it.Extension the students are asked to think of other situations/problems involving friends and role-play or discuss the issues. You may also ask the students to list or discuss what methods are most effective when you want to solve problems in a friendship.Workbook P85Listening Students will hear about problems friends may have and what can be done to solve such problems. The students are asked to write down the solutions mentioned on the tape and to think of other solutions. Ask the students to listen to the tape and write down the solutions suggested by the speaker. You can help the students prepare by first asking them to think about problems they may have had with their friends. The solutions mentioned on the tape are simple and general. Encourage the students to think of better, more specific solutions. What would they do if they had a quarrel with a friend? How do they talk to their friends about difficult things? How do they keep secrets from becoming rumors?Listening text Everybody needs friends. But being a good friend can sometimes be hard work. Learning how to solve problems in a friendship can make you a better friend and a happier person. A common problem between friends is that they dont know how to talk to each other about difficult things. When they do talk, they often get mad with each other. What can they do? Well, it takes time to learn how to communicate well, and it is important to understand why a friend gets angry with you when you say something. If you know what it is that makes your friend angry, then you can try to talk about the problem in a different way. Another problem that many friends have to deal with is what to do after one of them gets angry or upset. If friends get angry with each other and say something bad because they are angry, they often find it difficult to apologize after the quarrel. The best way to apologize after a quarrel is simply to start by telling each other that you are sorry and then go from there. A simple apology is often enough and is a good starting point. What about friends who cant keep a secret? Sometimes it seems impossible to keep a secret from becoming a rumour that everyone knows. Shouldnt a good friend be able to keep a secret? Perhaps, but it is not always that easy to keep a secret, and telling a secret to someone will often put them in a difficult situation they may have to lie to other friends to keep the secret. The best way to make sure that a secret doesnt become a rumor is simply to keep it to yourself dont tell anyone.Answers to Exercise 1Problem: Friends get angry with each other when they try to talk about something difficult.Solution: Try to understand your friend/Try to talk about the problem in a different way. Problem: Friends dont know how to apologize. Solution: Start by telling each other that you are sorry and take it from there. A simpleapology is often enough. Problem: Some friends dont know how to keep secrets.Solution: Keep your secrets to yourself. Step 3 SpeakingThe students will use the information about the people on SB page 2 to talk about likes and dislikes and to practice giving reasons for their opinions. Tell the students to work in pairs. Ask the students to complete the chart on page SB page 3 and then use the answers to talk about who could be friends and what they like or dislike. Ask each pair to decide who could be friends and give reasons for their decisions. When they have made their decision, ask them to compare and debate their ideas with other pairs. Encourage different answers, including strange ones.P3 work in pairsNameJohnStevePeterAnnSarahJoeAge1514151614 GenderboyboyboygirlgirlboyLikesfootball/ readingsinging skiing readingrock music computer singingcomputers rock music dancingreading novels football singingrock music skiing surfing the InternetDislikessinging rock music computerhiking football rock musicfootball classical music dancinghiking classical music readingrock music dancing computersfootball hikingExtension The students are asked to make a list of famous people or people they know. The students then use the list to identify likes and dislikes and characteristics and try to determine who could be friends.Step 4. Talking Workbook P85The students are given role cards based on three situations where friends are having problems. They are asked to act out the situations with the “useful expressions”. They are also asked to think of a fourth situation, prepare role cards for it, and act it out. Let the students role-play in pairs. Remind them that they should not write down a dialogue and then simply read the dialogue. Instead, they should try to act out the situation without rehearsing it. If they find it difficult to get started, you can let them prepare by practising part of a situation. You can also help by modeling part of a situation. Extension Friends often help each other. Ask the students to work in pairs and list examples of situations where friends can help each other. The students can then write role cards for the situations and act out in pairs.Step 5. Homework(1) Finish off the exercises of Unit1 in the workbook.(2) Revise the key points of this unit.(3)List the friend they get to know in class and write down some thing they want to know.Evaluation of teaching:The Second PeriodTeaching objectives1.Develop the students comprehension of explorative passages, especially their ability of analyzing the structure of such kind of articles.Offer the students chances of self-culture by working in groups and seeking information about the film out-side the class.3.Infuse the students with basic knowledge about the friend and friendship4. Learn some words and useful expressions from the text.Teaching Approach1.Communicative Approach should be used throughout the class. Stress should be laid on:2.Learner-centeredness; learning-centeredness 3.Task-based learning 4.Activity-based teaching (class work; individual work; group work)Teaching type: Reading comprehensionTeaching ProcedureStep 1. Report in class A student is asked to report something interesting he or she picks up from newspaper or magazines.Step 2.Review and check Ss have a word dictation and check their homework in workbookExercise 2 Suggested sample sentences1) My friend Alan is brave. He once saved the life of a little girl who had fallen into a lake.2) My friend Bob is loyal. He wouldnt talk to Charles whom I dont like at all.3) My friend David is wise. He always gives me the best advice.4) My friend George is a handsome boy, but he doesnt like to study and always dreams of becoming a model.5) My friend Harry is a smart student. He always asks good questions in class.Step 3 Pre-reading Ss are asked to listen to the tape and find the things they are using or talking about.Practising on P87 vocabulary 1 “The books are too heavy! I think its going to break.”2 “Oh no! I forgot where I put it! I have written down all the important phone numbers.”3 “Yum! You have bought it at last. We can have fried fish for dinner. Mmm I cant wait to put this fish in it. ”4 “Hands up! Dont move or Ill shoot. Give me all your money!”5 “Ooooh! I look very nice in this new dress!”6 A: I think were lost. What should we do now? B: Dont worry. I have it here and I know how to use it.7 “Ouch! I hit myself with it.”8 A: Hurry up! Its so dark here. I cant see anything.9 “It is shaking badly. Am I going to die? Help! Oh, thank God!”10 “I feel sad when it comes to the part in which the two friends become enemies.”Answers 1 rope 2 notebook 3 pan 4 gun 5 mirror 6 compass 7 hammer 8 match 9 airplane 10 movieGet the students to think about what it would be like to be alone on a deserted island. The activity is not direct linked to a reading strategy or a structure in the reading, but is intended to be used as a preliminary activity related to the previous parts of the unit. The pre-reading exercise also gives the students an opportunity to practise giving opinions and making decisions. Explain the situation to the students and give them time to think about what they would bring. The activity should generate different choices and opinions, thus making it a good opportunity for discussion. Tell the students to work in groups. Ask them to describe the usefulness of each item in the box and then decide on the three most useful ones. Make sure that each group member gets an opportunity to speak. Encourage the students to use the structures I think because/ I could use it to/ it could be used to / would be more important than because Ask one student from each group to write their answers on the blackboard. Compare answers from different groups and have a short discussion. e.g. 1.I think a knife would be the most useful item, because I could use it to kill animals and cut the meat. It could also be used to cut wood. 2.I also think a box of matches would be useful because I could use the matches to make fire. If I had a fire, I could cook food, stay warm and keep wild animals away. More importantly, if someone saw the fire, they would come and save me. 3.I think a book would be more useful than a radio, because you dont need batteries to read. And when I read, I would learn about life and the world and forget my loneliness.Extension 1: Ask the students to think about how the things could help them in other situations, for example, if they were lost in a desert or a forest. Extension 2: Let the students talk about how they would feel in an extreme situation. How would they feel if they were alone on a deserted island? (angry, desperate, lonely, hungry, worried, hopeful, happy, afraid etc.) What would they do to try to overcome these feelings? Extension 3: Ask the students if they have read books or seen movies about island life, for example, Robinson Crusoe, Cast Away, Six days and Seven Nights, etc. How did the main characters survive? How were they rescued? Extension 4 After the discussion, you can ask the students to consider the similarities and differences between spiritual and materialistic needs, i.e. the things we need and the social interaction we need.Step 4 Reading Listen to tape and finish the following itemsCHUCKS FFRIENDBackground information on the reading :The film Cast Away, starring Tom Hanks, depicts a mans struggle with solitude and his journey towards self-knowledge. The film shows us how Chuck, a busy manager who never has “enough time,” ends up on an island with nothing but time. He manages to survive on the island and he realizes the importance of friends and friendship. The text, summarized below, describes his experience and the lessons he learns from his unusual friend, a volleyball he calls Wilson.Guess the meaning of a word or phrase in the text, tell them to mark the word or phrase. Ask the students to list words or phrases that they dont know. Explain important ones if necessary, but try offering more context of certain words until the students can guess the meaning. Dont spend too much time going through the new words.Suggestion for teaching some of the vocabulary of the reading text:Item StrategyWhat it meansWhat is the text about?CLUESThe picture shows a man who lives like a wild man, alone. He has to take care of himself. The title says that the text is about Chucks friend.What is the text about?WORLD KNOWLEDGEIf I look at the picture and read the story, I may recall other stories about a man living alone on an island, e.g. Robinson Crusoe. In those stories, the man has to learn to find water and food and take care of himself.What kind of words will be used?GENREThe reading passage is a sort of film review, so I can guess the text will use words about stories, characters, acting and perhaps unusual things that do not exist in the real world.Cast AwayCLUES Form) + SKIP + CLUES (Context) +LOOK UPThe words are in italics, so I know that it must be the name of a film or a book. I can probably skip the word and look it up in the dictionary later. If I read the text I will learn that the film is about a man who has to live alone on an island, away from his friends, because of an accident, so I can guess that “Cast Away” refers to the man in the story and his situation. The dictionary says to be left alone on an island after your ship has sunk.playGENRE +CONTEXTTom Hanks is a famous actor. He “plays” a man named Chuck Noland in the film Cast Away. I can guess that plays means acts.surviveCONTEXT +WORLDKNOWLEDGEWhen airplanes crash (fall down), most people die. If, like Chuck, they dont die, they go on living, so I can guess that to survive means to go on living.desertedCONTEXTThe text tells me that Chuck lands on a deserted island. The text also tells me that there are no people on the island, so I can guess that a deserted place means a place where there are no people.challengeCONTEXTThe text tells me that there are different challenges in Chucks life he has to collect water, hunt for food, and learn to survive without friends. I can guess that a challenge is something difficult that you have to do.shareCONTEXT +LOOKUPI know that I like to talk to my friends when I am happy or sad. If I am sad, talking to a friend makes me feel better. I can guess that “to share” happiness or sorrow means something like “tell others about how I feel” or “make others understand how I feel”. The dictionary says that share means to have the same interest or feeling as someone else. unusualFORMI know that usual means “something that happens all the time” or “normal.” If I know that the prefix “un-“ means not, I can guess that unusual means not normal or strange.such asCONTEXTA lucky pen and a diary are examples of favourite objects, so I can guess that such as means for example or “like.”Summary Ask them to look at the picture and ask one student to point to the picture and retell the main idea of the text.1Chuck Noland, a successful businessman, lands on a deserted island after a plane crash.2Chuck has to learn basic survival skills on the island. In order to cope with his loneliness, Chuck develops a friendship with a volleyball he calls Wilson.3Five years life on the island teaches Chuck the importance of having friends and being a good friend. Wilson may just be a volleyball, but their friendship is real and in some ways better than Chucks friendships in the past.4Human friends and unusual friends are important in our life. Friends and friendship help us understand who we are and how we should behave.Step 5 Post-reading Exx on Page 4 Ask the students to answer questions about the story. e.g. How can a volleyball become Chucks friend? What does Chuck learn about himself when he is alone on the island? Suggested answers to the questions1 He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire. More importantly, he has to learn to live without friends.2 He has learnt a lot about himself when he is alone on the island. For example, he has come to realize that friendship is important in his life, that he hasnt been a good friend, and that he should care more about his friends. (The students may also use present tense, e.g. He learns a lot about himself. He realizes that)3 Open for discussion. The students can list basic survival skills. Let the students discuss the question in groups. The question can be discussed in the form of a role-play where each student represents one of the four people and has to persuade the others that he or she should be given the parachute. 5.Have a short discussion about one or more ideas in the text:1 ) What can we do to be good friends even if we are very busy?2 ) Does a successful man or woman need friends?3 ) The text talks about “giving” and “taking.” How do friends give and take?4 ) What do friends teach us?5 ) Is it better to have a human friend or an unusual friend such as a volleyball, a pen or a dog?Step 6 Language study Key to “Word study”:1 honest, 2 classical 3 sorrow/unhappiness 4 argue/quarrel/disagree 5 loyal/good/true6 hunt for 7 fond of/interested in 8 brave/fearless 9 in order to/ so as to 10 smart Student-centered vocabulary learning:It is very important for students to make their own choices and decisions about what they learn. You can help your students by letting them practise making such choices and decisions.Give the students a few minutes to make a list of words and expressions from the text that they want to learn. The list should not be too long.Ask the students to show their list to a partner and explain why they chose these words or expressions.There are many ways to help the students deal with new words. Begin by letting the students try on their own. If the students can discover the meaning of new words thems
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