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Unit 1 How can we become good learners?Section A1. askfor 请求，询问，向要eg He asked me politely for the book.ask sb (not) to do sth 叫某人（不）做某事2. by prep. 通过靠(后接Ving)eg She learns English by English magazines.3. conversation cn 交谈，会话 (have conversations with sb)eg Ill have a long conversation with her.4. aloud adv. 出声地，大声地（常与read,think,cry,shout等连用，表示让人能听得见）loud adj/adv 响亮的/地，大声的/地（指发音音量大或声音穿得远，做adv时常与speak,talk, laugh等连用）loudly adv. 大声地 （表示声音高且喧闹、不悦耳或令人感到讨厌，常与knock,ring,crow连用）eg Look at the sign-“No one is allowed to read aloud in the library.He makes loud noise.Someone knocked loudly at the door.5. practice v. 练习，操练 (practice doing sth)practice un 实践，练习，锻炼eg He practices playing football.Practice makes perfect.6. too+adj/adv原形+to+V原形=so+adj/adv原形+that从句=not+adj/adv原形+enough+to+V原形eg He is too young to go to school.=He is so young that he cant go to school.=He isnt old enough to go to school.7. spoken English 英语口语eg His spoken English is not so good as his written English.8. quickly adv. 快地，迅速地 （指具体的动作迅速敏捷，也指思维反应快）fast adj/adv 快的/地 （指物体或人的运动速度快，也指说话快）soon adv 快速地 （指动作完成或离现在的时间间隔短）eg Come quickly,something terrible has happened.She drives very fast.My father will leave for Beijing soon.9. word by word 逐字地day by day 日复一日one by one 逐个10. patient adj 有耐心的，耐烦的 （be patient with/to对有耐心） n 病人 eg We all like Mr.Smith.He is very patient with us. The nurse is looking after the patient.11. noteverything 表示部分否定，could not understand everything “并非每件事都能理解”当every,all,always等表示整体意义的词与not连用时，表示部分否定eg I didnt find everyone on the playground.Not all balls are round in the USA.12. secret cn 秘密，机密 （keep a secret保密；in secret秘密地） adj 秘密的，隐秘的 eg Exercising every day is the secret of health. Its a secret passage.13. look up （在字典或资料中）查找；向上看，仰视eg Ive forgotten the number,you should look it up again.They looked up,and found many locusts.14. repeat =do or sayagain15. take a note/take notes 记笔记16. memorize v 记忆，记住 (指有意识地用心地去记，强调主观的动作过程memory nremember v 记得 （指某件事或印象在记忆里，一般不需要有意识地去记忆便可以想起）eg She tried to memorize every event.She remembered event that happened in these years.17. be afraid of doing sth 担心而害怕做某事be afraid to do sth 怕而不敢做某事eg The girl was afraid to go across the bridge,for she was afraid of falling down from it.Section B1. increase to 增到，增加到（后+总数）eg The population of this city has increased to 3,000,000by now. increase by 以的幅度增加，增加了 eg The population of this factory increased by 10 percent last year.2. at the speed of 以速度at top/full/high speed 高速，全速eg Your taxi traveled at the speed of 80 miles an hour.Its dangerous to turn round the corner at high speed.3. be born 出身于be born with 天生具有be born to do sth 天生能做某事eg He was born in a small village.Her cousin brother was born with a mole(胎记) on the shoulder.Man was born to cry,so its with other animals.4. have the ability to do sth 有能力做某事eg Jenny is the first person for the job,she has the ability to communicate.5. take an interest in=be interested in 对感兴趣lose interest in 对失去兴趣eg She seems to take an interest in discussing the trip.He has lost interest in fishing.6. create v 创造，创建，创作creative adj 创造性的，有创意的creation n 创造，创建7. Its +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事是Its +adj +of sb to do sth (adj是表示情感，特征的词:kind ,nice ,good ,silly ,wrong ,wise等)eg Its hard for you to finish it.Its kind of you to say so.8. pay attention to 注意留心（to是介词，后接n/pron/Ving）eg Your spoken English is a little poor.Please pay attention to it.As you see,Sam didnt pay much attention to watching TV.9. connectwith把和连接起来connectto把连上eg First,the light is connected to a switch.Dont connect the matter with what happened last week.10. even if =even though即使，纵然eg I wouldnt give up even if I should fail a second time.I can still remember even though it happened so long ago.11. unless=ifnot如果不，除非 eg Youll be late unless you hurry. =Youll be late if you dont hurry.Unit 2 I think mooncakes are delicious!Section A1.a little too 太一点 eg Kevin was a little too young to dress himself.2.put on 增加（体重）发胖 +weight 穿上，戴上 +衣物 eg Last month,Joan put on some weight. Mr.Weevers put on his hat and hurried out.3.pound cn 重量单位“磅” .货币单位“英镑” eg two pounds of milk After the Sichuan earthquake,the British government gave away1,000,000 pounds.4.shoot down 击落，击毁 eg An US UAV was shot down in Iran last year.5.try to do sth 尽力做某事（但不一定成功） .try doing sth 尝试做某事 eg She tried to climb onto the bank(河岸)，but failed. You always travel by train,why not try taking a bus for a change?6.steal 偷，窃取 （stole stolen） . steal sth from 从偷某物 eg The child stole a book from the shelf. .have sth stolen 某物被偷 eg She had her purse（钱包）stolen.7.sothat如此以至于 .so+adj/adv+that从句 .so+adj+a/an+单数名词+that从句 .so+many/few+复数名词+that从句 .so+much/little+不可数名词+that从句 eg He is so young that he cant go to school. He made so many mistakes that he failed the exam. .suchthat如此以至于 .such+a/an+单数名词+that从句 .such+复数名词/不可数名词+that从句 .such+a/an+adj+n+that从句 .such+adj+复数名词/不可数名词+that从句 eg He is such a good student that we all believe him. It was such bad weather that we had to stay at home.8.lay v 平放，放置 (lay out 摆开，布置) 产卵，下蛋 eg Mrs,Turner laid out the flowerpots in her garden. How strange it is to see the hen lay two eggs a day! lie-lying-lay-lain 躺，位于 lie-lying-lied-lied 撒谎 lay-laying-laid-laid 平放，产卵9.admire vt 欣赏，观赏 （admire sth 欣赏某物） Vt 钦佩，羡慕 （admirefor因而钦佩） eg Standing on the top of the mountain,you can admire the beauty of the whole city. We admire Ann for her courage.10.tie cn 领带 （ a shirt and tie） . v 拴，扎，系，绑 （tieto将拴到） eg Its formal（正式） to wear a shirt and tie if you go to a party. Please tie your dog to the tree.11.感叹句的种类 How引导的感叹句(1) How+adj+主语+谓语！(2) How+adv+主语+谓语!(3) How+adj+a/an+单数名词+主语+谓语！(4) How+主语+谓语！eg How blue the sky is! How well she danced that day! How interesting a book it is! How time flies! What引导的感叹句(1) What+a/an+单数名词+主语+谓语！(2) What +不可数名词+主语+谓语！(3) What+复数名词+主语+谓语！(4) What+a/an+adj+单数名词+主语+谓语！(5) What+adj+不可数名词+主语+谓语！(6) What+adj+复数名词+主语+谓语！eg What a horse it is! What fun it was! What colors they are! What a nice girl she is! What fine weather it was last week! What silly questions they are.Section B1. trick cn 恶作剧，闹剧 (play a trick on sb 捉弄某人)eg The kids played tricks on Harvey when he was young.2. treat cn 招待，款待 v 对待，把看作 (treatas把看作) eg Its my treat. Dont treat his words as a joke.3. dress up as+sb 装扮成某人dress up in+服装或颜色 穿上eg The kids are dressing up as pirates(海盗)Father Christmas often dresses up in red.4. mean adj 小气的，吝啬的，自私的(be mean with对吝啬) v 意味着，意欲 mean doing sth 意味着做某事 mean to do sth 打算做某事 not mean to do sth 不是有意做某事 eg Mr.Marley was mean with almost everything. That would mean wasting a lot of labor. Really?I dont mean to waste any labor. I dont mean to be late ,sir.5. business un 商业，生意 .un 职责，事务，事 (on business 出差) .cn 商铺，商店eg Sometimes,business English is hard to learn. Mr.Wang has gone to Hainan Island on business. She has a business in Paris.5. punish sb for (doing) sth 因为（做）某事而处罚某人eg He was punished for breaking the school rules.6. warn sb of sth 警告某人某事warn sb (not) to do sth 警告某人（不）做某事warn sb +that从句eg Weve warned the kids of the risk of electricity.Weve been warned not to go out these days.I warned her that snakes are dangerous.7. end up doing sth 最终成为结果为 eg I didnt like it at first,but we ended up cheering. end up with 以告终 eg Their game ended up with a quarrel.7. present un 现在，目前(at present) .cn 礼物赠品.adj 现在的，目前的 .出席的，到场的 eg At present,everything goes well. My uncle sent me an iPad as a birthday present. What do you think of your present company,David? The present guests were all in high spirit.8. spread v/n 传播，蔓延eg The fire spread in a short time.China has successfully controlled the spread of bird flu.（禽流感）9. hiding n 躲藏，隐藏处 (in hiding 躲藏着;go into hiding 躲起来)eg Tom and his sister went into hiding when they heard the sound of their mothers footsteps.10. hunt n 搜索，搜寻 (hunt for)eg The hunt for the sunk ship(沉船) continue11. not onlybut also不但而且(连接两个相对称的并列成分，若连接两个主语时要实行就近原则)eg Not only Mr.lin bt also his son loves the movies.Unit 3 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?Section A1. information un 消息（表示通过打听、学习、观察等方式获得的资料）.news un 新闻，消息（指人们感兴趣的或近来发生的事情，尤指通过广播、电视、报纸等事情）.message cn 消息，口信（指口头或书信传递给他人的消息）eg We need some information.He often sends me short messages.We listen to the news on the radio.2. Could you please+V原形.？ 请你.好吗？.Could you please not+V原形? 请你不要好吗？（其回答中不能用could,只能用can.即Yes,I can.或No/Sorry,I canteg Could you please be here a little earlier?Sorry,I cant.3. beside prep 在旁边，在附近=next to/close tobesides prep 除之外还eg A girl is standing beside the tree.Dis anyone else come besides Jack?4. get sb sth=get sth for sb(get是“买到，弄到，得到”之意)eg Whod like to get some chalk for me? =Whod like to get me some chalk?5. pardon v 原谅（主要用于没听清对方说话时，恳请对方再说一遍）.excuse me 打扰一下（主要用于吸引别人的注意，有麻烦或打扰之意所做之事可能会使别人不愉快或不方便，诸如插话、失陪、提出请求、纹路等）eg Can I ask you some questions?Pardon?Excuse me,can you tell me where the bank is?6. need v 需要（实义动词）need to do sth 需要去做某事need doing sth 需要被做某事eg Harold needed to bring drinks.Potatoes need cooking a little longer.7. suggest v 使人想到，使人联想，提议，建议suggest sth (to sb)=suggest (to sb) （向某人）提议/建议suggest doing sth 提议/建议做某事suggest +that从句（虚拟语气，其谓语用should+动词原形，should常被省略）eg What did you suggest to the manager?I suggested going home at once.I suggest (that) we go out to eat.8. psaa by 经过，路过，从旁边经过 .go by 流逝，过去 eg He passed by without greeting me. Time goes by.8. 宾语从句(2) 类型 连词that引导的宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，that无意义，that可省略eg I think (that) shell be back soon.He didnt know (that) his brother was also there. that在下列情况中不宜省略 主句与宾语从句间有插入语 eg She said here,in her letter,that she was getting on well with her studies. 出现两个或以上的宾语从句，此时只有第一个that可以省略，其余的不能省略 eg Danny told me (that) he would go to Canada and that he had been there once. 连词代词who,whom,what,which,whose和when, where,why,how等引导的宾语从句由特殊疑问句转化而来，这些连接代词或连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分，因此不能省略。eg I want to know when he will come.I dont know how many people have been to Tibet.Can you tell me how I can get to the train station?I wondered who would teach us English. 连词if或whether引导的宾语从句由一般疑问句转化而来，一般情况下这两个词可以互换，它们的意思为“是否” eg She asked us if we would visit the West Farm. Please tell me whether itll rain or not tomorrow. 下列情况中只能用whether 作介词的宾语从句 eg It depends on whether hell ready tomorrow. 在“whether or not”结构中 eg I asked him whether or not he would go on a picnic. 位于句首的宾语从句 eg Whether hes alive,theyre not sure. 在discuss后的宾语从句 eg Theyre discussing whether theyll go there. 与动词不定式连用 eg I dont know whether to visit her.(3) 宾语从句的语序宾语从句只能用陈述语序 疑问句转化为宾语从句时，一定要将疑问句语序转变为陈述句语序eg Can you tell me where he lives? 疑问词本身作主语或修饰主语，因为该句子本来就是陈述句语序，变为宾语从句时，语序保持不变eg Do you know who is going to speak at the meeting?(4) 宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态受主句时态的限制 主句是现在时态，从句的时态不受限制，可依实际情况选用所需的时态。eg I hope well have a happy year together.He tells me how it happened in the 1950s. 主句是过去时态，从句的时态一般选用过去某一时态eg John said he was watching a movie at that time.Did he tell you he had read that story? 从句是客观真理，或是一种自然现象、科学原理、谚语、格言等，或是经常性的动作等，其时态用一般现在时eg She said that east or west, home is best.Didnt he tll you that the Venus is almost as big as our earth?(5) 宾语从句与动词不定式的转换 主句的主语与从句的主语同指一人或物时eg I know what Ill do with the old bike. =I know what to do with the old bike. 主句含双宾语，指人的宾语与宾语从句中的主语同指一人时eg You didnt tell me where I could find her. =You didnt tell me where to find her.Section B1. convenient adj 便利的，方便的（一般不以人作主语）常用Its convenient (for sb) to do sth eg I live just next to the supermarket, so its convenient to go shopping. Its convenient for me to go there by bus2. ask about sth 询问（打听）某事ask sb for help 向某人求助eg Did you ask about pets?Ask Mr.Li for help if you have any difficulty.3. request n 要求，请求(make a request/at ones request 应要求) v 要求，请求 request sb to do sth 要求/请求某人做某事 request sth (from sb) （向某人）要求某物 request+that从句（从句谓语用should+动词原形，should可省略） eg When you need something in a formal party,do you know how to make a request. I request her to go alone. She requested permissionto film(拍摄)at the White House. I request that she (should) go alone.4. whom 谁，什么人 (是who的宾格形式，只能作宾语，一般可以用who代替，当介词后的whom不能被who代替) eg Do you know who/whom Mr. Black is talking to? With whom will I practice the convation?4. be polite to 对礼貌（反义词组：be impolite to）eg You should be polite to the elderly.Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark.Section A1. humorous adj 有幽默感的，滑稽有趣的humour n 幽默 (sense of humour 幽默感)eg We all like Mr.Steens class because of his humorous behavior.Keep the sense of humour,and just laugh at your mistakes.2. from time to time 有时=sometimes/at timeseg Mr. Xu swam in the river nearby from time to time./at times.3. It has been +时间+since +从句 从以来已是的时间。其中it指代时间，since引导的从句用一般过去时eg Its been nearby 10 years since we parted in the West Point.4. Asian adj 亚洲的，亚洲人的 cn 亚洲人 European adj 欧洲的，欧洲人的 cn 欧洲人 African adj 非洲的,非洲人的 cn 非洲人eg Singapore is one of the richest Asian countries. Asians are different from Europeans in skin and eyes. During the trip, we met some Africans.5. deal with 处理，应付 （常与how连用，侧重于解决问题，强调处理问题的方法）deal n 交易 (eg This is a good deal)do with 处理 （常与what连用，侧重于对某物的利用）eg What have you done with the eggs?Have you found how to deal with the problem?6. dare to do sth 敢做某事eg Would you dare to ride an elephant?7. notanymore=no more 不再eg The baby didnt cry anymore. =The baby cried no more.8. be prepared to do sth 愿意做某事be prepared for sth 准备某事eg Are you prepared to help him out?A large camera was prepared for the party.9. a (large/big/small) number of +复数名词+谓语动词复数 the number of +复数名词+谓语动词单数 eg A number of students in their class are from the countryside. The number of students in our school is over 2000.9. make it 办成功，做到，赶到eg Well make it if you hurry.10. dark n 黑暗，无光 adj 暗的，深色的 eg All the lights went out,and we were left in the dark. It is getting dark,lets hurry.11. alone adj 单独的，独自的 adv 单独地，独自地(=by oneself) lonely adj 孤独的，寂寞的,偏僻的，荒凉的 eg The old man lives alone,but he never feels lonely. The old man came from a lonely village.12. speech n 讲话，发言，演讲make a speech on做关于的演讲give a speech 讲演，讲话eg People still remember the speech Martain Luther King gave.13. in public 在公众场合，当众，公开=in public placeeg Its rude to spit in public.14. be good at 擅长.(长期情况下一直很好)be good in 在表现出色（不一定在长期情况下一直很好）eg Alex is good at languages. Alex擅长语言。It has been proved to be good in practice result. 实践效果良好。15. get good scores in+科目get good scores+考试/测试16. used to 的肯定句：主语 +used to do sth 否定句：主语 +didnt use (used not/usednt) to do sth 一般疑问句：Did +主语+use to do sth? Yes,主语+did./No,主语+didnt 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+use to do sth?Section B1. one（两个中的）一个the other另一个one（三者或以上中的）一个another另一个some一些others另一些（并非全部）some一些the others其余的全部eg He has two sons.One is working in Urumqi,and the other is in Germany.Would you like another cup of tea?Young people may grow quickly in some ways and slowly in others.Some are reading,others are doing their homework.2. influence vt. 影响，起作用 （influence sb to do sth） n 影响，作用 （have an influence on 对有影响 with the influence of 在影响下） eg LuXuns works influenced morden Chinese literature. His frequent absence has a bad influence on other students,so I suggest a conversation with his parents. It poured with the influence of the typhoon.3. seldom adv. 很少，不常 （反义词：often ）eg Jennys parents seldom collect her at school.4. cause v 引起，导致，使发生，（给）带来，事遭遇cause sth to/for sb 给某人带来某事cause sb to do sth 引起某人做事eg His son used to cause a lot of trouble for his family.The drought caused the plants to die.5. be absent from 缺席eg Liu Xiang was absent from many important events because his foot was hurt.6. fail to do sth 未能做not fail to do sth 从来不会忘记做eg Alison failed to finish working.Though she was hurrying,she didnt fail to say “sorry”th the old man.7. make the decision to do sth=decide to do sth 决定做某事eg He made a decision to study in England.8. advise doing sth 建议做某事advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事advise sb on sth 建议某人某事eg He advised learning early.I strongly advise you to take a plane.They often advises us on our work.9. in person 亲自地，亲身地eg Youd better experience water slides in person.10. be there for sb 随时乐于帮助（他人），随叫随到eg When I have trouble with something,Mun is always there for me.11. take pride in 对感到自豪=be proud of 以为骄傲eg They take great pride in their daughter.Mr.Jameson was usually pround of his new car.12. remain 一直保持，仍然处于某种状态 （后+adj/n/Ving）eg He remained silent all the time.This still remains a serious problem.She remains working at night.Unit 5 What are the shirts made of?Section A1. be made of 由制成（看得出原材料）be made from 由制成（看不出原材料）eg Tables and chairs are made of wood/Paper is made from wood.be made in 某物生产于某地be made by 某物由某人制造eg Is this watch made in China? These kites were made by my grandpa.2. be known for=be famous for 以/因闻名be known as=be famous as 作为出名be known to 对来说有名/为人所熟悉的eg Li Yundi is known for his piano skills.Li Yundi is known as a pianist.He is known to the policeman because of his criminal record.3. by hand 通过人工或手工in hand 现有，在手头，在手中eg be fed by handRoses given,fragrance in hand.4. pack v 打包，装箱pack sb sth 为某人打包某物pack up sth 打包某物eg Mum is packing her kid fast food.Have you packed up all the things needed?5. no matter 不论，不管（常与特殊疑问词连用，构成让步状语从句）no matter what=whatever 无论什么no matter who=whoever 不管谁no matter where=wherever 无论哪里no matter how=however 无论怎样6. product cn 产品，制品product of 出品eg It is the product of Hongjinlong Cigarette Corporation.7. avoid vt 避免，回避avoid doing sth 避免做某事eg The traveler took a compass(指南针) with him to avoid taking wrong ways in the forest.8. experience cn 感受，经历 un 阅历，经验(后接in 或 of 表示某方面有经验) vt 体验，有经验 eg The car accident was a terrible experience to him. She is a teacher with more than 20 years experience in teaching. Have you experienced real hunger?9 traffic un 车辆
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