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111Module 5 The Great Sports PersonalityTeaching Design GrammarReview of adverbial clausesGoals To review adverbial clausesProceduresStep 1 Reviewing the adverbial clausesAdverbial clauses are less than (subordinate to) sentences. They do not contain a complete thought. Adverbial clauses always modify the verb in the main clause (the sentence) to which the adverbial clause is attached. An adverbial clause tells how, when, why, how much, to what extent and under what conditions the action in the main clause takes place. Adverbial clauses always begin with a subordinating conjunction. The most common subordinating conjunctions are listed below. Before, after, unless Although, if, until As, in order that, when As, since, whenever as long as, so that, where as soon as, than, wherever because, though, while Adverbial clauses, like all subordinate clauses, are structured in the same way all sentences are structured. All adverbial clauses will fall into one of the five sentence patterns that have already been described. ExamplesThe whole country was saddened when Oswald assassinated Kennedy. When is the subordinating conjunction introducing this adverbial clause which modifies was saddened. Oswald is the subject of the clause. Assassinated is the action verb which transfers its action to the direct object, which is Kennedy, all of which makes this clause transitive active. Little Joe was punished because the window was broken. Because is the subordinating conjunction introducing this adverbial clause. Window is the subject. Was is the helping verb, and broken is the action verb which transfers its action back to the subject making this clause transitive passive or pattern #2. Since the boy was disruptive, he was expelled from school. Since is the subordinating conjunction introducing this adverbial clause which modifies was in the main clause. Window is the subject of the clause. Was is the helping verb, and disruptive is the predicate adjective making the clause intransitive linking or pattern #4. Note that the natural order of an adverbial clause is after the main clause. However, an adverbial clause is okay at the beginning of a sentence. If it comes at the beginning, however, a comma is used to separate it from the main clause. Can you determine the correct pattern number of the following examples of adverbial clauses? Franklin Roosevelt served as Governor of New York before he became President of the United States. If we continue burning fossil fuels, the temperature of the earth will rise. Agatha made coffee as I cooked the bacon. Since Grandfather died, I have been lonely. Grandfather died before he was ready. Although Spike broke the window, he did not feel guilty about it. Can you put both an adjective clause and an adverbial clause in the same sentence as the following example does? After Oswald assassinated Kennedy, Oswald was killed by a man who was overcome with sympathy for the dead President. Step 2 Making sentences with adverbial clausesNext we are going to make our own examples. Its the best, most active way to learn.Before, after, unless; Although, if, until; As, in order that, when; As, since, whenever; as long as, so that, where; as soon as, than, wherever; because, though, while 1. They called him the prince of gymnasts because, when he retired at the age of 26, he had won 106 gold medals in major competitions across the world. 2. Li Ning did so well as an athlete that he won six out of seven gold medals at the 1982 World Championship, and three at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles (as well as two silver and a bronze)3. When sports journalists met in 1999 to make a list of the greatest sportsmen and sportswomen of the twentieth century, Li Nings name was on it, together with footballer Pele and boxer Muhammad Ali. 4. But even though he had won everything it was possible to win in his sport, Li Ning retired with the feeling that he had failed. 5. He was disappointed because he had not performed well in the 1988 Seoul Olympics.6. Because he had experienced the sense of failure in the 1988 Seoul Olympics Li Ning became determined to succeed in his new life7. After he retired a year after, Li Ning began a new career-as a businessman8. He longed to work for sports because he didnt forget his sporting background. 9. Li Ning decided to launch a new brand of sportswear in order that he could compete with global giants like Nike and Adidas. 10. People thought that he made the unusual choice, because he had chosen his own name as the brand mark. 11. As the bright red logo is made up of the first two pinyin letters of Li Nings name, L and N, Li Nings sports clothes sold very well soon after they came onto the market.12. As the number of young people with money to spend was on the increase young people became the most important buyers of Li Nings sports clothes.13. Because Li Nings designs were attractive, they had a major advantage over their better-known rivals.14. Because a pair of Nike trainers, for example, could cost up to five times as much as a similar Li Ning product, success for Li Ning was guaranteed.15. Today as a Li Ning product is purchased every ten seconds, Li Ning has won more than fifty per cent of the national market. 16. If you go into a school or university anywhere，the chances are you will see students in Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo. 17. The company has grown so internationally that the Spanish and French gymnastics teams wear Li Ning clothes.18. Whenever Chinese athletes step out onto the track during the 2008 Olympics, they will be wearing Li Ning tracksuits.19. But Li Nings goal when he retired was not to make money. 20. If your dream is to open a school for gymnasts you have to go for your post-graduate studies first.21. Ever since he became a businessman Li Ning has managed to help young people to achieve their sporting ambitions. 22. Li Ning has discovered that the work of a great sportsman does not finish when he retires from the sport. 23. And if you are a great sportsperson, anything is possible, as Li Nings advertising slogan says.Step 3 Doing a quiz on adverbial clauses选择填空：1.You like sports_Id like to read.AwhenBwhileCbutDyet2. _ we were singing, the teacher came in.ABeforeBafterCAsDUntil3.I was about to leave my house _the phone rang.AwhileB whenCasDafter4.They did not stop fighting_ there was no enemy left.AuntilBafterCwhenDsince5.I have not seen him_ he went to college.Awhen BbeforeCasDsince6.It is five days_ we came here.AwhenBbeforeCasDsince7.It was not long_ he got to know it.AwhenBbeforeCafterDuntil8.We shall go_we are free.AwheneverBwhateverCwhereverDhowever9. _I live I must serve the people heart and soul.AWhenBSo long asCAs soon asDOn condition10.I was reading a novel_ he was watchingTV.AwhenBwhileCbeforeDas11.Put the medicine_you can easily get it.Aso that BwhereCwhichDthere12.We will go_the Party wants us to go.AwhereverBthereCto the placeDwhich13. _ there is a will there is a way.AWhenBWhereCWhetherDHow 14.I am going_ you went last week.AwhereBwhereverCwhenDthe place15. _ you go , you should bear the motherland in your mind.AWhereBWhereverCWhateverDHowever 16. _ weather permits, well have an outing.AFor BThoughCWhileDIf17.You wont succeed_harder.Aunless you will workBunless you workCunless you dont workDif you wont work18.I wonder if he_us, and I think if he_us well be able to complete the task ahead of time.Ahelps, helpsBwill help, helpsChelps, will helpDwill help, will help 19.I dont like to be interrupted if I_.Aspeak Bwill speakCam speakingDspoke 20.If you_this experiment you will understand the theory better.Awill be doingBhave doneCwill have doneD would do21.I would like to do it_I like it.AsinceBbecauseCbecause of Dnow that22. _everybody is here, Lets set off.ASinceBBecauseCForDAfter23.It was_he was ill that he was absent yesterday.AbecauseBasCsinceDnow that24. _it is raining, we had better take a taxi.AForBAsCBecause of DWhen25.“Why cant you do it now?” “_Im too busy.”ASinceBAsCBecauseDFor 26.He must have passed this way, _here are his footprints.AsinceBbecause of Cnow thatDfor27. _everybody is here, Lets begin our meeting.ANow thatBBecauseCForDWhen28.His speech made_deep impression on the audience that they could hardly forget it.Asuch a Bso a CsoDsuch29.They worked hard_they finished their work ahead of time.AsoBso thatCsuch thatDso as to30.He was_weak_ he couldnt stand up.Asuch, thatBso, thatCvery, thatDso, as to31.The foreigner spoke_ his interpreter could hardly catch his words.Asuch fast thatBso fastCso fast thatDso fastly that32.The book is_ it gives a wrong idea of the facts. Aso writing that Bsuch written thatCsuch writing thatDso written that33.The house cost_ we didnt buy it.Aso much money thatBso many money thatCsuch much money thatDsuch many money that 34.It is_ all of us can do it.Aso easy exercise thatBsuch easy an exerciseCsuch easy exerciseDso easy an exercise that35.She has _she remembers all the names of the students she has taught.Aso good memory thatBsuch a good memory thatCsuch good memory thatDgood memory36.They stopped at Tianjing_they might visit the TV tower.Aso BbecauseCso thatDin order37.We all got up early_we might start at six.Ain order that Bin order toCso Dso as to38.Let the dog loose so that it_have a run.Ashould BmustCcouldDneed39. _clearly so that your teacher_you correctly.AWrite, can understandBHaving written, can understandCTo write, could understandDWriting, will understand40.He started early so that he_there in time.Acould getBgotChad gotDwould have got41. _it was late , she went on working.AThoughBBecauseCSinceDWhether42. _we fail , we _trying.AEven if , dont stopBEven though, wont stopCEven, will not stopDEven although, shall never stop43. _ the pain was bad, _he did not complain.AAlthough, butBThough, butCThough, yetDEven, still44. _ physics, he likes maths better.AAs he much likes BMuch as he likes CMuch likes as he DLikes much as he 45. _telephones, tell him Im out.ANo matter whoeverBWhoCWhoeverDAnyone46.Well carry the reform to the end_ happens.Ano matter howBwhateverCanythingDno matter which47.It takes_time to go there by plane than by ship.Afar fewerBfar lessCmuch fewerDmore less48.He is taller than_ in his class.AothersBall the students Cany other one Dthe other49. _ it was finished in time.AAs the work was difficultBDifficult as the work wasCDifficult as was the workDAs was the work difficult50.I am sorry_ I have caused so much trouble.Athat BforCasDsince 51. _ he came, he would bring us a lot of flowers.AEvery times Bone timeCEvery time DOnce a time 52.Ill tell him about it_I see him.Aas soon asBso soon asCwhile Das 53.I had hardly sat down_ the telephone rangAthan BwhenCas Dafter 54.Sit _ you like.AwhereBat the placeCas Dwherever 55. _ he wasnt ready in time, we went without him.ASince BAsCForDBecause of 56.All plants need air_ they need water.Alike Bas if Cas Dso 57.Work hard _ you can succeed.Ain order to Bso thatCfor fear thatDin case 58.If you_I will go with you.Ago to Bwent CwillDshould go 59.The hard he works, _he will make.Athe greater Bthe greater progressCand the moreDmore 60. _ we have thought it over , well take_steps.ATill, not BWhen , noCUntil, any DUntil, no(1.B 2.C 3.B4.A5.D6.D7.B8.A9.B10.B11.B12.A 13.B14.A15.B16.D17.B18.B19.C 20.B21.B22.A23.A24.B25.C26.D27.A28.A29.B30.B31.C32.D33.A34.D35.B36.C37.A 8.C39.A40.A41.A42.B43.C44.B45.C46.B47.B48.C49.B50.A51.C52.A53.B54.D55.B56.C 57.B58.C59.B60.D) 111
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