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111Module 3 Adventure in Literature and the CinemaGrammar非谓语动词讲解一 非谓语动词分为三类：v分词， 包括现在分词和过去分词v现在分词-interesting surprising v过去分词-interested surprisedv动名词- running waitingv动词不定式 -to run to waitv他们具有名词和形容词的某些特征，因而可以做主语，表语，宾语，定语和状语。二要注意动名词和不定式作宾语时的区别：v动名词和不定式都可以作动词的宾语，要注意哪些动词要求用不定式做宾语，哪些动词则要求用动名词作宾语。非谓语动词-动词不定式v要求用不定式作宾语的动词是：vwant, wish, like, decide, help, begin, forget, learn, ask afford, agree, ask, attempt, begin, demand, desire, dislike, expect, hate, hope, learn, decide, seem, intend, try, refuse, manage, order, fail, choose, forget, mean, pretend, promise, seek, struggle, venture, wait, 等等；非谓语动词-动词不定式vHe managed to pass the exam.He persuaded me to accept the invitation.He promised to be here at nine.I didnt expect to see you here.在某些复合宾语中，常先用it代表不定式，而把不定式放到后面去。例如：He considered it better to leave now.I found it impossible to finish the work on time. 非谓语动词-动词不定式v由only, last, next 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语; 不定式还可用作名词或代词的的宾语 vShe is always the first student to arrive at school.vHe is always the last one to leave the office.vI dont think he is the best man to do the job.vI have no desire to travel.vYoull find something to interest you here.vThere is no need to bother him with such trifles.非谓语动词-动词不定式v不带to 的动词不定式v在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式，如let, make, have, hear, see, feel, smell, hear, watch等。例如：vThe teacher makes me rewrite the composition.vI heard her say that she was fed up.非谓语动词-动名词v动名词是由动词原形 + ing构成，在句中可作宾语、表语、同位语等。v要求用动名词做宾语的动词是：vmind, enjoy, miss, imagine, finish, suggest, risk, advise, deny, practise, require admit, acknowledge, appreciate, avoid cant help, consider, dislike, excuse, favor, finish, give up, keep on, miss, postpone, put off, stop, look forward to, object to, be accustomed to, be used to doing, succeed in, look like, feel like, insist on, stick to, persist in, 等等。非谓语动词-动名词v例如：Some people do not enjoy smoking.Because of the bad weather, we postpone holding the meeting.非谓语动词-动名词v某些固定结构（动名词特殊用法）v(1)There is no + v-ing “是不可能的”。例如：vThere is no knowing how old she is.v(= I t is impossible to know how old she is.)vThere is no telling where shes gone.v(= It is impossible / difficult to know where shes gone.)v(2)make a point of + doing “认为是必要的”。例如：vOur family make a point of going to church every Sunday.v(= Our family make it a rule to go to church every Sunday.)v(3)be on the point / verge/ brink of + doing “濒临，将要”。例如：vHe was on the point of leaving.v(4)on (upon) + doing “一就”。例如：vOn hearing the news, I changed my plans.v(= As soon as I heard the news, I changed my plans.)v(5)it is no use / good + doing “是没有用的”，there is no point in doing sth “是没必要的”。例如：vIt is no use trying to persuade him. (= It is of no use to try to persuade him.)vThere is no point in telling her this news. (= It is not necessary to tell her the news.)v(6)go + doing (大部分指运动和游戏)。例如：vHe went shopping / hiking / swimming / fishing etc.v(7)动名词短语常用在以下结构中：vhave difficulty (in) + doing sthvhave trouble (in) + doing sthvhave fun (in) + doing sthvhave a good time (in) + doing sthvhave a hard time (in) + doing sthv例1：We have great difficulty (in) solving the problem.v例2：They had problem getting there.非谓语动词v在学习和使用非谓语动词时需要注意以下几点：v要注意现在分词和过去分词作状语时的不同：现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。试比较：vWhen living abroad, he wrote many letters to his family and friends.vWhen heated, the ice will change into water.v要注意不定式和分词作宾语补足语的不同：v在感官动词（see, watch, hear, feel, notice等）后既可用不带to 的不定式做宾语补语，也可用现在分词做宾补。两者中间有时是有差别的。用现在分词时，表示动作正在发生，用不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作全部结束了。例如：v A: Do you hear someone knocking at the door?v B: Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times.v不定式和分词作定语时的区别，不定式作定语时，不定式和所修饰的名词在意义上有动宾关系，因此，如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词。如果是分词作定语, 则被修饰的名词和分词之间有主谓关系。例如：vGive me a piece of paper to write on.vAll of us look forward to the coming holiday.非谓语动词v. 动名词和不定式做主语和表语时的区别。一般来说，在表示比较抽象的一般的行为时，多用动名词， 表示具体某次动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式。例如：vReading without thorough comprehension is no good.vIt is quite necessary to read it many times.1。We let the raft sail down the river.2. He agreed to go.3. I dont want to board a sinking ship.4. The frightened man started crying.5. We heard the two men shouting.111
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