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NFPA 13DStandard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes1999 EditionCopyright 1999 NFPA, All Rights ReservedThis edition of NFPA 13D, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Residential Sprinkler Systems, released by the Technical Correlating Committee on Automatic Sprinkler Systems, and acted on by the National Fire Protection Association, Inc., at its May Meeting held May 17-20, 1999, in Baltimore, MD. It was issued by the Standards Council on July 22, 1999, with an effective date of August 13, 1999, and supersedes all previous editions.Changes other than editorial are indicated by a vertical rule in the margin of the pages on which they appear. These lines are included as an aid to the user in identifying changes from the previous edition.This edition of NFPA 13D was approved as an American National Standard on August 13, 1999.Origin and Development of NFPA 13DRecognizing the need to reduce the annual life loss from fire in residential occupancies (about 50 percent of total loss of life by fire), the Committee on Automatic Sprinklers appointed a subcommittee in May 1973 to prepare the Standard on the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Mobile Homes. The subcommittee was composed of members of the Committee on Automatic Sprinklers and other technically competent experts. The standard was submitted and adopted at the NFPA Annual Meeting in Chicago, IL, on May 12-16, 1975.The 1980 edition was a complete rewrite of the 1975 edition, including SI units where appropriate. The 1980 edition incorporated the results of the residential sprinkler test program administered by the National Fire Protection Association and funded by a research grant from the United States Fire Administration. Factory Mutual Research Corporation and the Los Angeles City Fire Department conducted the dwelling tests. Factory Mutual Research Corporation, McNeary Insurance Consulting Services, and the Charlotte, North Carolina, Fire Department conducted the mobile home tests.After gaining practical experience using the 1980 edition, modifications to the standard, including removal of design parameters for dry pipe systems, were made in the 1984 edition.The 1989 and 1991 editions established criteria for the use of antifreeze systems as well as some of the installation criteria associated with specially listed piping materials.The 1994 edition provided expanded information on nonmetallic pipe and introduced a new design option that reduced water storage requirements for limited area dwellings. The 1996 edition of the standard included expanded information on the use and placement of residential sprinklers near heat sources. For the first time since 1941, the use of 1/2 -in. (12.7-mm) piping material was permitted again for sprinkler systems under specific conditions. A number of appendix figures were also added to address methods for protecting pipe from freezing in unheated attics.The 1999 edition revises criteria for certain types of multipurpose piping systems and adds requirements to mitigate the effect of water softeners and filters on system performance. Information on the application of solvent cement for nonmetallic piping systems has been provided and the exception for omitting sprinkler coverage in attics and crawl spaces has been modified.Technical Correlating Committee on Automatic Sprinkler Systems (AUT-AAC)John G. ONeill, ChairGage-Babcock & Assoc. Inc., VA SEMilosh T. Puchovsky, Nonvoting SecretaryNatl Fire Protection Assn., MAJose R. Baz, Intl Engineered Systems, LTD, Inc., FL MRep. NFPA Latin American SectionKerry M. Bell, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., IL RTEric H. Cote, Rolf Jensen & Assoc., Inc., MA SERussell P. Fleming, Natl Fire Sprinkler Assn., NY MJoseph B. Hankins, Jr., Factory Mutual Research Corp., MA IRoland J. Huggins, American Fire Sprinkler Assn., Inc., TX IMSultan M. Javeri, Protection Intl, Ltd, France IAndrew Kim, Natl Research Council of Canada, ON, Canada RTGerald R. Kirby, Marriott Intl, Inc., DC URep. American Hotel & Motel Assn.B. J. Lukes, Grinnell Fire Protection System Co. Ltd/Tyco, Canada MRep. Canadian Automatic Sprinkler Assn.Joseph W. Noble, Clark County Fire Dept., NV EDonald R. Oliver, Wilson Fire/Rescue Services, NC ERep. Intl Assn. of Fire ChiefsJames Retzloff, The Viking Corp., MI MChester W. Schirmer, Schirmer Engr Corp., NC SEJohn Nigel Stephens, Loss Prevention Council, England ILynn K. Underwood, Wausau HPR Engr, WI IJohn J. Walsh, UA Joint Apprenticeship Committee Local 669, MD LRep. United Assn. of Journeymen/Apprentices of Plumbing/Pipe FittingAlternatesDonald “Don” D. Becker, Midland Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc., MO IM(Alt. to R. J. Huggins)Raymond A. Grill, Rolf Jensen & Assoc., Inc., VA SE(Alt. to E. H. Cote)Kenneth E. Isman, Natl Fire Sprinkler Assn., NY M(Alt. to R. P. Fleming)George E. Laverick, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., IL RT(Alt. to K. M. Bell)Donato A. Pirro E., Electro Sistemas De Panama, S.A., Panama M(Alt. to J. R. Baz)William E. Wilcox, Factory Mutual Research Corp., MA I(Alt. to J. B. Hankins, Jr.)NonvotingEdward K. Budnick, Hughes Assoc., Inc., MD SERolf H. Jensen, Belleair, FL SE(Member Emeritus)William E. Koffel, Jr., Koffel Assoc. Inc., MD SEKenneth W. Linder, HSB Industrial Risk Insurers, CT IChristopher T. Lummus, Insurance Services Office, Inc., TX IDaniel Madrzykowski, U.S. Natl Inst. of Standards & Technology, MD RTPeter Papavasiliou, Engr Professionals, Ltd, IL SEJ. William Sheppard, General Motors Corp., MI UMilosh T. Puchovsky,NFPA Staff LiaisonThis list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the back of this document.NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or any document developed by the committee on which the member serves.Committee Scope: The committee shall have overall responsibility for documents that pertain to the criteria for the design and installation of automatic, open and foam-water sprinkler systems, including the character and adequacy of water supplies, and the selection of sprinklers, piping, valves, and all materials and accessories. This committee does not cover the installation of fire pumps, nor the construction and installation of gravity and pressure tanks and towers, nor the installation, maintenance, and use of central station, proprietary, auxiliary, and local signaling systems for watchmen, fire alarm, supervisory service, nor the design of fire department hose connections.Technical Committee on Residential Sprinkler Systems (AUT-RSS)Daniel Madrzykowski, ChairU.S. Natl Inst. of Standards & Technology, MD RTGeorge W. Baker, Mashpee Fire & Rescue Dept., MA ERep. Intl Assn. of Fire ChiefsFrederick J. Benn, Advanced Automatic Sprinkler, Inc., CA IMFrederick C. Bradley, Gage-Babcock & Assoc. Inc., GA SELawrence Brown, Natl Assn. of Home Builders, DC UEdward K. Budnick, Hughes Assoc., Inc., MD SEBrian Hoening, Globe Fire Sprinkler Corp., MI MRep. Natl Fire Sprinkler Assn.Kenneth E. Isman, Natl Fire Sprinkler Assn., NY MHsiang-Cheng Kung, Factory Mutual Research Corp., MA IGeorge E. Laverick, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., IL RTTom Lawrence, Smith Fire Sprinkler Co., Inc., FL IMRep. American Fire Sprinkler Assn., Inc.John C. Livingston, Jr., Livingston Fire Protection, Inc., MD IMRep. Natl Fire Sprinkler Assn.Raymond H. Lower, Cigna Loss Control Services, WA IRep. American Insurance Services Group, Inc.M. L. “Larry” Maruskin, Federal Emergency Mgmt. Agency, MD CMichael Nelson, Rolf Jensen & Assoc., Inc., NY SERonald G. Nickson, Natl Multi Housing Council, DC UMaurice M. Pilette, Mechanical Designs Ltd., MA SEChester W. Schirmer, Schirmer Engr Corp., NC SESandra Stanek, Rural Metro Fire Dept., AZ EDonald Townley, B. F. Goodrich, OH MRep. Committee for Firesafe DwellingsJohn J. Walsh, UA Joint Apprenticeship Committee Local 669, MD LRep. United Assn. of Journeymen/Apprentices of Plumbing/Pipe FittingSusan J. Weigand, Victory Fire Protection, Inc., PA IMRep. American Fire Sprinkler Assn., Inc.AlternatesCarl F. Baldassarra, Schirmer Engr Corp., IL SE(Alt. to C. W. Schirmer)Phillip A. Brown, American Fire Sprinkler Assn., Inc., TX IM(Alt. to S. J. Weigand)William M. Carey, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., IL RT(Alt. to G. E. Laverick)Thomas Deegan, Viking Corp., MI M(Alt. to B. Hoening)Gary L. Johnson, B. F. Goodrich, OH M(Alt. to D. Townley)John C. McDonald, Virginia Sprinkler Co., Inc., VA IM(Alt. to T. Lawrence)Michael A. Rothmier, UA Joint Apprenticeship Committee Local 669, MD L(Alt. to J. J. Walsh)Harry Shaw, Harry Shaw & Assoc. Inc., MD E(Alt. to G. W. Baker)George Stanley, Wiginton Fire Sprinklers, FL IM(Alt. to J. C. Livingston, Jr.)David W. Stroup, U.S. Natl Inst. of Standards & Technology, MD RT(Alt. to D. Madrzykowski)Richard E. Thonnings, American Insurance Services Group, Inc., NY I(Alt. to R. H. Lower)Randolph W. Tucker, Rolf Jensen & Assoc., Inc., TX SE(Alt. to M. Nelson)Terry L. Victor, Tyco Intl, Ltd, MD M(Alt. to K. E. Isman)Bennie Vincent, Factory Mutual Research Corp., MA I(Alt. to H. Kung)Joseph Wiehagen, Natl Assn. of Home Builders, MD U(Alt. to L. Brown)NonvotingRohit Khanna, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, MD CMilosh T. Puchovsky,NFPA Staff LiaisonThis list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the back of this document.NOTE: Membership on a committee shall not in and of itself constitute an endorsement of the Association or any document developed by the committee on which the member serves.Committee Scope: The committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on the design and installation of automatic sprinkler systems in dwellings and residential occupancies up to and including four stories in height, including the character and adequacy of water supplies, and the selection of sprinklers, piping, valves and all materials and accessories.NFPA 13DStandard for theInstallation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Homes1999 EditionNOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letter designating a paragraph indicates that explanatory material on the paragraph can be found in Appendix A. Information on referenced publications can be found in Chapter 6 and Appendix B.PrefaceIt is intended that this standard provide a method for those individuals wishing to install a sprinkler system for additional life safety and property protection. It is not the purpose of this standard to require the installation of an automatic sprinkler system. This standard assumes that one or more smoke detectors will be installed in accordance with NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code.Chapter 1 General Information1-1* Scope.This standard covers the design and installation of automatic sprinkler systems for protection against the fire hazards in one- and two-family dwellings and manufactured homes.1-2* Purpose.The purpose of this standard is to provide a sprinkler system that aids in the detection and control of residential fires and thus provides improved protection against injury, life loss, and property damage. A sprinkler system designed and installed in accordance with this standard is expected to prevent flashover (total involvement) in the room of fire origin, where sprinklered, and to improve the chance for occupants to escape or be evacuated.Guidelines have been established for the design and installation of sprinkler systems for one- and two-family dwellings and manufactured homes. Nothing in this standard is intended to restrict new technologies or alternative arrangements, provided that the level of safety prescribed by the standard is not reduced.1-3 Definitions.Approved.* Acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.Authority Having Jurisdiction.* The organization, office, or individual responsible for approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a procedure.Check Valve. A valve that allows flow in one direction only.Control Valve.* A valve employed to control (shut) a supply of water to a sprinkler system.Design Discharge. The rate of water discharged by an automatic sprinkler expressed in gpm (L/min).Dry System. A system employing automatic sprinklers attached to a piping system containing air under atmospheric or higher pressures. Loss of pressure from the opening of a sprinkler or detection of a fire condition causes the release of water into the piping system and out the opened sprinkler.Dwelling. Any building that contains not more than one or two dwelling units intended to be used, rented, leased, let, or hired out to be occupied or that are occupied for habitation purposes.Dwelling Unit. One or more rooms, arranged for the use of one or more individuals living together, as in a single housekeeping unit, that normally have cooking, living, sanitary, and sleeping facilities.Labeled. Equipment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of an organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with product evaluation, that maintains periodic inspection of production of labeled equipment or materials, and by whose labeling the manufacturer indicates compliance with appropriate standards or performance in a specified manner.Listed.* Equipment, materials, or services included in a list published by an organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of products or services, that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of services, and whose listing states that either the equipment, material, or service meets appropriate designated standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.Manufactured Home.* A structure, transportable in one or more sections, that in the traveling mode is 8 body ft (2.4 m) or more in width and 40 body ft (12 m) or more in length or, where erected on-site, is 320 ft2 (28 m2) or more, and that is built on a permanent chassis and designed to be used as a dwelling with or without a permanent foundation where connected to the required utilities, and includes the plumbing, heating, air conditioning, and electrical systems contained therein.Multipurpose Piping System. A piping system within dwellings and manufactured homes intended to serve both domestic and fire protection needs.Preengineered System. A packaged sprinkler system including all components connected to the water supply and designed to be installed according to pretested limitations.Pump. A mechanical device that transfers or raises, or transfers and raises, the pressure of a fluid (water).Residential Sprinkler. A type of sprinkler that meets the definition of fast response as defined by NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, and that has been specifically investigated for its ability to enhance survivability in the room of fire origin and that is listed for use in the protection of dwelling units.Shall. Indicates a mandatory requirement.Should. Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not required.Sprinkler, Automatic. A fire suppression or control device that operates automatically when its heat-actuated element is heated to its thermal rating or above, allowing water to discharge over a specific area.Sprinkler System. An integrated system of piping, connected to a water supply, with listed sprinklers that automatically initiate water discharge over a fire area. Where required, the sprinkler system also includes a control valve and a device for actuating an alarm when the system operates.Standard. A document, the main text of which contains only mandatory provisions using the word “shall” to indicate requirements and which is in a form generally suitable for mandatory reference by another standard or code or for adoption into law. Nonmandatory provisions shall be located in an appendix, footnote, or fine-print note and are not to be considered a part of the requirements of a standard.Supply Pressure. The pressure within the supply (e.g., city or private supply water source).System Pressure. The pressure within the system (e.g., above the control valve).System Working Pressure. The maximum anticipated static (nonflowing) or flowing pressure applied to sprinkler system components exclusive of surge pressures.Waterflow Alarm. A sounding device activated by a waterflow detector or alarm check valve and arranged to sound an alarm that is audible in all living areas over background noise levels with all intervening doors closed.Waterflow Detector. An electric signaling indicator or alarm check valve actuated by waterflow in one direction only.Wet System. A system employing automatic sprinklers that are attached to a piping system containing water and connected to a water supply so that water discharges immediately from sprinklers opened by a fire.1-4* Maintenance.The owner is responsible for the condition of a sprinkler system and shall keep the system in normal operating condition.1-5 Devices, Materials, Design, and Installation.1-5.1*Only new residential sprinklers shall be employed in the installation of sprinkler systems.1-5.2Only listed and approved devices and approved materials shall be used in sprinkler systems.Exception: Listing shall be permitted to be waived for tanks, pumps, hangers, waterflow detection devices, and waterflow valves.1-5.3Where listed, preengineered systems shall be installed within the limitations that have been established by the testing laboratories.1-5.4*All systems shall be tested for leakage at normal system operating water pressure.Exception: Where a fire department pumper connection is provided, hydrostatic pressure tests shall be provided in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.1-5.5Where solvent cement is used as the pipe and fittings bonding agent, sprinklers shall not be installed in the fittings prior to the fittings being cemented in place.1-6* Units.Metric units of measurement in this standard shall be in accordance with the modernized metric system known as the International System of Units (SI). The liter and bar units are outside of, but recognized by, SI and are commonly used in international fire protection. These units are provided in Table 1-6 with their conversion factors.Table 1-6 Metric ConversionsName of UnitUnit SymbolConversion Factor liter L 1 gal = 3.785 L pascal Pa 1 psi = 6894.757 Pa bar bar 1 psi = 0.0689 barbar bar 1 bar = 105 Pa1-6.1Where a value for measurement as specified in this standard is followed by an equivalent value in other units, the first stated value shall be regarded as the requirement. A given equivalent value shall be considered to be approximate.1-6.2SI units have been converted by multiplying the quantity by the conversion factor and then rounding the result to the appropriate number of significant digits.Chapter 2 Water Supply2-1
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